问答题另一个文化差异是中国人传统上爱面子、讲形式、重礼貌。在对比美国人待人接物时，他们并不经常谈论丢脸、得脸、赏脸的事。美国人关心名誉，他们的确想到了“体面”，并使别人“显得体面”。无论如何，在日常交往上，他们更注重实质方面，而不介意一个特殊行动将使某人丢脸或得脸。像个人身份地位这样的问题，在中国之所以重要是因为他想的是面子，但美国人则认为面子不如实质那么重要。

问答题{{B}}Outlines:{{/B}} 1)人世以来中国企业的兴衰； 2)人世给我们带来机遇和挑战的原因； 3)人世之后前景的展望。

问答题任何时候我们都必须坚持尊重社会发展规律与尊重人民历史主导地位的一致性，坚持为崇高理想奋斗与广大人民谋利益的一致性，坚持完成党的各项工作与实现人民利益的一致性。

问答题Part B Directions: Translate the following into Chinese. The basic reason for the existence of multinational companies is the competitive advantage of a global network of production and distribution. This competitive advantage arises in part from vertical and horizontal integration with foreign affiliates. By vertical integration, most MNCs can ensure their supply of foreign materials and intermediate products and avoid the imperfections often found in foreign markets. They can also provide better distribution and service networks. By horizontal integration through foreign affiliates, MNCs can better protect and exploit their monopoly power, adapt their products to local conditions and tastes, and ensure consistent product quality.

问答题The occurrence of overpopulation in China. 2. Why China's overpopulation occurs. 3. The implementation of birth control in China.

问答题{{U}}(1)But there is a sphere of action in which society, as distinguished from the individual, has, if any, only an indirect interest, comprehending all that portion of a person's life and conduct which affects only himself, or if it also affects others, only with their free, voluntary, and undeceived consent and participation{{/U}}. When I say only himself, I mean directly, and in the first instance; for whatever affects himself, may affect others through himself; and the objection which may be grounded on the contingency will receive consideration in the sequel. This, then, is the appropriate region of human liberty, It comprises, first, the inward domain of consciousness; demanding liberty of conscience, in the most comprehensive sense; liberty of thought and feeling; absolute freedom of opinion and sentiment on all subjects, practical or speculative, scientific, moral, or theological. (2){{U}}The liberty of expressing and publishing opinions may seem to fall under a different principle; since it belongs to that part of the conduct of an individual which concerns other people; hut, being almost of as much importance as the liberty of thought itself, and resting in great part on the same reasons, is practically inseparable from it{{/U}}. Secondly, the principle requires liberty of tastes and pursuits; of framing the plan of our life to suit our own character; of doing as we like, subject to such consequences as may follow: without impediment from our fellow creatures, so long as what we do does not harm them, even though they should think our conduct foolish, perverse, or wrong. (3) {{U}}Thirdly, from this liberty of each individual follows the liberty, within the same limits, of combination among individuals; freedom to unite, for any purpose not involving harm to others; the persons combining being supposed to be of full age, and not forced or deceived.{{/U}} (4) {{U}}No society in which these liberties are not, on the whole, respected, is free, whatever may be its form of government: and none is completely free in which they do not exist absolute and unqualified{{/U}}. The only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to obtain it. (5) {{U}}Each is the proper guardian of his own health, whether bodily or mental and spiritual. Mankind are great gainers by suffering each other to live as seems good to themselves, than by compelling each to live as seems good to the rest.{{/U}}

问答题Directions: In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage. 浅论中医学健康教育与预防保健 中医学健康教育的主要内容包括调摄精神、注意饮食起居、重视锻炼身体、药物预防疾病以及保持环境卫生和个人卫生等。随着我国人口老龄化进程的加速，疾病谱的不断变化，中医学健康教育在现代生活中，发挥着越来越重要的作用，有着积极的现实意义。 1．调摄精神，强调精神因素与社会因素对健康的影响 中医学认为，真精元气为生命始生之物质，精神、意志是人的根本。人的精神情志活动与人体的生理、病理变化有密切的关系。现代医学认为，精神因素和社会因素在疾病的发生、发展中起着重要作用。随着社会生活节奏的加快，工作压力的加剧，人们的情绪经常处于紧张之中，许多人出现失眠、健忘等神经衰弱症状，甚至导致精神障碍。 2．加强锻炼，合理运动 我国提倡仿生医疗体操的历史十分久远，在长沙马王堆三号汉墓出土的文物里，就有描绘各种导引动作的帛画《导引图》；汉代的华佗创造了“五禽戏”，即模仿五种动物的姿态来锻炼身体；唐代的孙思邈提出“每日必须调气补泄，按摩导引为佳”，其长寿的奥秘是“四体勤奋，每天劳动”。此外，后世不断演变的太极拳、鹤翔桩、易筋经、八段锦等多种健身方法，不仅能增强体质，还能预防疾病的发生。现代医学认为，适量、持久、合理的运动，对人体各系统和器官以及精神和智能，都有着良好的促进作用。 3．饮食起居要有规律，避免劳逸过度 《素问·上古天真论》指出能适应自然变化的规律，并对饮食、起居、劳逸做出适当的安排的人，可益寿延年。倘“以酒为浆，以妄为常，醉以人房，以欲竭其精，以耗散其精，不知持满，不时御神，务快其心，逆生于乐，起居无节”，必会“半百而衰也”。现代医学研究表明，许多慢性病的发生与不良的生活方式有密切的关系。如吸烟可引发肺癌、支气管炎、肺气肿、心脏病、消化道溃疡；酗酒可致酒精性肝硬化、恶性肿瘤，并可构成严重的社会问题；食用过多的脂肪、蛋白质、糖或维生素及微量元素缺乏，可引发糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、结肠癌、肥胖症等。 4．预防疾病 我国古代人民早就对传染病提出了相应的预防措施。李时珍在《本草纲目》中提出：“天行瘟疫，取初病衣服，于曾瓦上蒸过，则一家不染。”罗世瑶在《行军方便便方》中写道：“将初病疫气人贴肉布衫，于蒸笼内蒸一炷香久，则全军不染。”唐代对麻风病人已设有“疠人坊”，“收养疠疾，男女别坊，四时供承，务令周给。”清代曾制定了将患天花病者迁移隔离的规定，并设置“查痘章京”之官职以管理此事。近年来，人们运用中草药预防某些疾病也取得了较好的效果，如用板蓝根及大青叶预防流感，用茵陈、栀子预防肝炎等。 5．保持环境卫生和个人卫生 生活环境的质量和人的健康息息相关。在夏商，我国劳动人民已知凿井而饮；在殷墟遗址中发现住房附近有排泄废水的水沟；在周代已知通过除害来改善环境卫生；到秦代时，都市已有了下水道、公厕、洒水车等。特别是唐代以来，用开水泡茶之风逐渐盛行，对减少传染病的传播起到了良好的作用。我国古代即养成早晨“盥洗”的好习惯。 综上所述，积极开发中医资源及中医学中朴素的健康教育思想，使其在新的历史时期，为人类的健康发挥积极作用，是十分必要的。

问答题Nick Young创立了该刊物，并编辑英文版本，他说，上周多位北京警方和地方统计局的官员告知他该刊物进行了“未经批准的调查”，因此被认为违反了有关收集统计数据的1983年法律。 杨先生说，在该刊物发行的十几年中，当局并未提供颁布此法令的明确原因。 1．他说该刊物并未进行任何投票或调查，该法令非常含糊，因此可以禁止几乎任何需要与当地民众接触的信息收集。 关闭该刊物的决定可能反映了中国对近几年增加的地方和国外资助民间团体的关注持续增加。 2．某此民间团体已经降低了中国百姓维护合法权利的门槛，某中国官员认为这些团体会导致社会的不安定。 如果这些团体受政府资助而且不从事公开的政治活动，那么中国中央政府通常能够忍受。一些官员表示那些团体能够极大地帮助监测和抵制虐工等违法的行为。 3．《中国发展简报》无权在中国出版，雇员也未注册为新闻记者，这就意味着该刊物未在更大出版社的允许下已经存在较长时间。 但杨先生说，当局已经监视他的事务多年，他相信他们理解向国外扶助机构提供客观信息符合中国利益。

问答题科学家们要市政府充分注意城市人居环境改进的建议得到了很好的实施。

问答题The tobacco epidemic is still expanding, especially in developing countries where currently seven out of every 10 tobacco-related deaths occur, according to WHO. At current rates, the total number of tobacco users is expected to rise to 1.7 billion by 2025 from 1.3 billion now.

问答题Direction: Translate the following Chinese paragraph into English on your ANSWER SHEET. 我在这风光奇异的地方呆的时间不长，但我的心灵得到了升华。那天晚上，我斗胆来到宾馆外，去观赏五彩斑斓的极光(northern lights)把夜空照亮。传说如果你对着极光吹口哨，它们就会落到你的脚下。于是我吹响了口哨，发现它们仍呆在原先的地方，在寒冷贫瘠的土地上空飘舞。一如那些飘舞的极光，这里同样是一片远离尘嚣的净土。

问答题Edith Smith of New York was concerned about her 18-month-old daughter, Amanda The daughter did not respond when her parents spoke to her, and never react to noises. "She doesn't seem to know what is happening around her," she told the doctor. Without examining Amanda, the doctor assured Edith that her little girl was fine. But when Amanda was not talking by the time she was two, Edith and her husband became more and more anxious. {{U}}(1) Finally, Edith took Amanda to an ear, nose and throat specialist, who did an auditory brain-stem response test in which clicking sounds sent through earphones are measured in the brain.{{/U}} This examination showed that Amanda was severely hearing-impaired in both ears. The tragedy was that late detection had delayed her language development and threatened, long-term, to hinder her growth socially. Hearing impairment is one of the most common birth defects in Asia today. {{U}}(2) Dr. Andrew Smith, medical officer with the World Health organization's Activities for Prevention of Deafness and Heating Impairment Team in Geneva, Switzerland, estimates that 5.5 million children in Asian-Pacific region are deaf or hearing-impaired.{{/U}} He says that the lack of awareness among parents and some physicians about hearing impairment is a major reason for late detection in children. Choy Kwee Yuen of Singapore initially did not suspect there was anything wrong with his child. At six month, Choy Jing Xian cooed and gurgled like any other baby. But when Jing Xian was eight months old, Choy became concerned. The infant would sleep through loud noises, including slaps of thunder. His doctor referred the boy to a specialist, who found that Jing Xian had a severe hearing impairment. {{U}}(3) "All babies up to six months old make vocal noises--it's a natural reflex," says the specialist, "It's hard to distinguish between a three-month-old hearing baby and a three-month-old deaf baby."{{/U}} He also stresses that even children with moderately severe hearing loss may hear loud sounds or react to hand movements. {{U}}(4) If a doctor tests a young deaf child's hearing by ringing a bell next to his ear, he may react to the movement of hand rather than the sound.{{/U}} Because hearing problems are often not detected, many children muddle along until hearing screenings are given at school. They don't know they have a problem, and their symptoms may be misinterpreted. {{U}}(5) Mounting evidence shows that the longer the delay in diagnosing the problem, the more trouble the child has in developing language and social skills.{{/U}}

问答题由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称易滋误解，好象过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在，在这里做学问也只能算是粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短，所以古人皓首穷经，头发白了还是在继续研究，不过在这样的研究中确是有浓厚的趣味。

问答题St. Petersburg. The very name brings to mind some of Russia's greatest poets, writers and composers. Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tchaikovsky.

问答题在中美两国政府的共同支持下，美国的学校开始在语言教学大纲中增设汉语——这个世界上使用人数最多但同时也是最难学的语言之一。在2400所学校表示有兴趣之后，将会于明年开始在全国范围内的中学开设汉语高级分级课程。因此全美国范围内的汉语语言课程，包括小学到成人教育，在过去的10年内增长了3倍。专家估计在美国的小学和中学中有多达50000的学生在学习汉语。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. How can science be encouraged to flourish and grow? How can the results of science be used to the best purpose for the benefit of humanity? 71. {{U}}It was to find the answers to these question% which are not merely academic but practical ones, that this whole inquiry into the place of science in society was undertaken. It can be justified only in so far as it helps to find them.{{/U}} The way to answer the first question is to find the best conditions, external and internal, which have in the past helped the progress of science and to anticipate the changed needs of the present and future. The answer to the second question, which depends on the first, is set out towards the end of this chapter. Some of the external conditions for the flourishing of science in the past have already been discussed. 72. {{U}}In essence they are provided only in periods of social and economic advance, when science is given social importance and material means and is continually stimulated to new activity by problems presented to it from the economic and social spheres.{{/U}} 73. {{U}}Now these problems have been essentially, as we have seen, those that touched the interests of the ruling class of the time, whether real, like navigation, or imaginary, like astrology. The opportunity and the honor given to the practitioners of science at any time are a measure of the degree to which they serve at these interests.{{/U}} They are greatest in periods of active advance, because then the people who are occupied with science are closely in touch with the main economic interests, and are often drawn from the directing classes themselves or are brought into their counsels because of their abilities. We have had many examples in these pages such as: Archimedes, Grosseteste, Leonardo, Galileo, Boyle, Davy, Pasteur, Kelvin.

问答题美国的橄榄球运动起源于英国的橄榄球赛，同一般的足球运动、即英式足球截然不同。秋天，美国的橄榄球运动是大、中学校里最流行的体育运动。大学通常以提供奖学金和免费膳宿的办法，鼓励著名的高中橄榄球运动员人校。橄榄球比赛备受欢迎，所以各大学常能用橄榄球比赛的售票收入来支付学校各项体育运动的费用。 美国所有较大的城市几乎都有职业橄榄球队，其运动员大多数是原来的大学橄榄球运动员。通常，职业橄榄球比赛的观众人数比大学橄榄球比赛的还要多，这是因为职业运动员势必要艺高技胜一筹。大学橄榄球比赛通常在星期六下午进行，而职业橄榄球比赛常常在星期日的下午或晚上举行。

问答题尽管我们对“学习”的理解不尽完善，然而我们对此已有不少了解。“学习”可以呈现不同的形式 ，业可以在许多情况下进行。一般来说，“学习”必然会引起行为的变化。“学习”导致人们行为发生变化时， 这种变化常能持久。“学习”也许意味着对一系列细小而不相关的行为按新的顺序重新排列。旧好比你在钢琴上学习弹奏一首新的曲子。

问答题Charm is the ultimate weapon, the supreme seduction, against which there are few defenses. If you've got it, you need almost nothing else, neither money, looks, nor pedigree. 41. It is a gift, only given to give away, and the more used the more there is. It is also a climate of behavior set for perpetual summer and controlled by taste and tact. Real charm is dynamic, an enveloping spell which mysteriously enslaves the senses. It is an inner light, fed on reservoirs of benevolence which well up like a thermal spring. It is unconscious, often nothing but the wish to please, and cannot be turned on and off at will. 42. You recognize charm by the feeling you get in its presence. You know who has it. But can you get it, too? Probably, you can't, because it's a quickness of spirit, an originality of touch you have to be born with. Or it's something that grows naturally out of another quality, like the simple desire to make people happy. Certainly, charm is not a question of learning tricks, like wrinkling your nose, or having a laugh in your voice, or gaily tossing your hair out of your dancing eyes. 43. Such signs, to the nervous, are ominous warnings which may well send him streaking for cover. On the other hand, there is an antenna, a built-in awareness of others, which most people have, and which care can nourish. But in a study of charm, what else does one look for? Apart from the ability to listen-rarest of all human virtues and most difficult to sustain without vagueness--apart from warmth, sensitivity, and the power to please, what else is there visible? 44. A generosity, I suppose, which makes no demands, a transaction which strikes no bargains which doesn't hold itself back till youv'e filled up a test-card making it clear that you're worth the trouble. Charm can't withhold, but spends itself willingly on young and old alike, on the poor, the ugly, the dim, the boring, on the last fat man in the corner. 45. It reveals also in a sense of ease, in casual but perfect manners, and often in a physical grace which springs less from an accident of youth than from a confident serenity of mind. Any person with this is more than just a popular fellow, he is also a social healer.