问答题当一个WTO成员国政府就某一争端提出投诉，而且该投诉政府认为其利益正受到另一成员政府行为的损害时，争端解决机构(DSB)才了解到该事件。

问答题Directions: Nowadays we can see American films and TV programs pouring in, fast food restaurants popping up in our cities, and many other imported products dominating our markets. Many people are happy to see them whereas others worry about such trends. Give your opinion in an essay of no less than 250 words.

问答题People are never satisfied with what they have. They always want something more or something different. Use specific reasons to support your answer. Your composition should contain at least 180 words and must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.

问答题An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students" career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction-in-deed, contradiction, which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone"s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case, before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement. There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, pre-sumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many business-men, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.

问答题(1) To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived; the cellophane wrapper has to be torn off, the lid opened and the paper removed; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its piece of paper. But this insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper. The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. (2) Useless wrapping accounts for much of the refuse put out by the average London household each week. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging is using up scarce energy and sources and messing up the environment. Little research is being carded out on the costs of alternative types of packaging. Just how possible is it, for instance, for local authorities to salvage paper, pulp it, and recycle it as egg-boxes? Would it be cheaper to plant another forest? Paper is the material most used for packaging--20 million paper bags are apparently used in Great Britain each day--but very little is salvaged. A machine has been developed that pulps paper then processes it into packaging, e.g. egg-boxes and cartons. This could be easily adapted for local authority use. It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each. (3) Paper is, in fact, probably the material that can be most easily recycled; and now, with massive increases in paper prices, the time has come at which collection by local authorities could be profitable. (4) It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and re-use of various materials and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers as opposed to producing new ones. Unnecessary packaging, intended to be used just once, and making things look better so more people will buy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd. (5) But it is not so much a question of doing away with packaging as using it sensibly. What is needed now is a more sophisticated approach to using scarce resources for what is, after all, a relatively unimportant function.

问答题1．如今，计算机在社会上起着重要的作用。它们明显地改变了我们工作、学习和购物的方式。但是，尽管计算机产业正给我们带来以往梦想不到的好处，它也造成一些严重问题。譬如说，人们越来越担心电子通讯方面不道德的行为。盗版、窃取数据以及病毒破坏活动十分猖獗。这些行为应视作犯罪吗?我们怎样才能制止这些行为?人们的另一个忧虑与过分依赖计算机有关。计算机不像人们想像的那样可靠，因特网上的信息有可能是虚假的。更糟的是，过度依赖计算机也许会削弱我们进行挑剔思维的能力，还会在人们之间造成障碍。

问答题Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of How to Cope Effectively with the Stress in Life. as far as your own experience with the problem. Your composition should be no less than 200 English words. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.

问答题 You have to cheat, choosing only the date for the personal computer, say (mid 1970s), or the Internet (ditto) to make it seem much more rapid. Comparing its diffusion among private users is, you might say, unfair to the comput er, for that machine's main use is in businesses. On that measure, the best historical anal ogy is with electrification, and the spread of the electric dynamo into factories.

问答题Please write on the topic of Should elderly people live with their adult child of about 200 words.

问答题天下极神奇极壮丽极鲜美文字，多在道藏。偶检一二，眼界遂异。运思运笔，率尔改常。世间何高语佛藏，曾不及此。2．语言时空论是语言学这门科学的一个观点。它以时空差异关注语言的流变现象，因为语言的流变基本上是由时间和空间延展在强度和性质上的差异表现出来的。它寻求以客观和精确的方式来描写和揭示语言的基本概念、内在关系以及流变机理，追索有关语言的现实知识。它观察语言流变的原理和规则，不是为了证明语言是按照某种原理和规则进行流变的，而是为了更好地理解语言的真实。3．近年以至今后数年，对中国经济体制改革影响最大的事情，莫过于加入世界贸易组织。特别是近两年的各项改革，几乎无一不是在适应世贸组织的要求，且改革的步伐明显加快，改革也开始越来越深入到计划经济的最核心领域。因而，可以说，中国经济体制在经过了20多年的渐进改革之后，终于开始大步迈向市场经济的轨道了。4．实验室工作的唯一任务就是使学生养成初步的实验能力。要达到这一目的，最好的办法就是让学生在解决简单的实验问题中获得一些经验。5．一般情况下，本刊按收到投稿的时间先后顺序，对每一篇作品按照规定的标准进行审阅，然后决定发表或退稿，同时向作者发出通知。审阅将在收到作者投稿后2个月内完成。如果作者在投稿后3个月内未收到录用通知或退稿信，可自行考虑投寄他刊。

问答题71. Christianity is the long-exiting religion mainly found in the Western world, in which it is God that creates everything in the universe, not excluding human beings. This is creationism. In contrast, modern science believes that evolution is the answer to the question of who created the world. This is the theory of evolution. Evolution has been challenged by those believing in the creation theory of the universe, The apparent conflict between religious and scientific explanations of creation and evolution has left a century-old legacy of suspicion and outright acrimony. In the United States, many are not willing to accept the theory of evolution and some even argue against the teaching of evolution to school children. For example, the Kansas State Board of Education voted to eliminate evolution from its state science standards, and would also eliminate it from the state science tests. The result was to discourage Kansas schools from teaching evolution. People for the American Way Foundation commissioned a study of how the public felt about teaching evolution and creationism in public schools. Its results, published in the March 11,20010, Ann Arbor News, led with "An overwhelming majority of Americans think that creationism should be taught along with Darwin's theory of evolution in public schools..." 72. The battles between science and Christianity have run through Western history since the Enlightenment when science replaced religion as a dominant force in Western society. The theory of evolution was widely believed during the fluorescent years of science development. Why are evolutionists severely challenged by creationism currently? One reason may be that some people believe science has come to its end and it can never explain the final secrets of the universe, thus resorting to creationism and taking it as the only way to understand the origin of the universe. 73. While few experts suggest an actual convergence of the two views is possible, creative dialogue is on the upswing. New organizations are forming and others are expanding whose aim is rapprochement between science and religion. More than 100 organizations worldwide, many of them in the U. S., now provide forums for creative exchange of religious and scientific perspectives. This article approaches the issue of science and Christianity by claiming that science and Christianity are compatible to each other, not conflicting with each other.

问答题A couple of months ago, Singaporean officials unintentionally made cinematic history. They slapped an NC-17 rating on a film--which means children under 17 cannot see it--not because of sex or violence of profanity, but because of bad grammar. Despite its apparently naughty title, Talking Cock, the movie is actually an innocuous comedy comprising four skits about the lives of ordinary Singaporeans. The censors also banned a 15-second TV spot promoting the flick. (32)All this is because of what the authorities deemed "excessive use of Singlish." (33)Given the tough crackdown, you would expect Singlish to be a harmful substance that might corrupt our youth, like heroin or pornography. But it's one of Singapore's best-loved quirks, used daily by everyone from cabbies to CEOs. (34)Singlish is simply Singaporean slang, whereby English follows Chinese grammar and is liberally sprinkled with words from the local Chinese, Malay and Indian dialects. I like to talk cock, and I like to speak Singlish. It's inventive, witty and colorful. (35)Singlish is especially fashionable these days among the younger generation, in part because it gives uptight Singapore a chance to laugh-at itself. But the government is not amused. It doesn't like Singlish because it thinks it is bad language and bad for Singapore's image as a commercial and financial center.

问答题How can science be encouraged to flourish and grow? How can the results of science be used to the best purpose for the benefit of humanity? 71. It was to find the answers to these question% which are not merely academic but practical ones, that this whole inquiry into the place of science in society was undertaken. It can be justified only in so far as it helps to find them. The way to answer the first question is to find the best conditions, external and internal, which have in the past helped the progress of science and to anticipate the changed needs of the present and future. The answer to the second question, which depends on the first, is set out towards the end of this chapter. Some of the external conditions for the flourishing of science in the past have already been discussed. 72. In essence they are provided only in periods of social and economic advance, when science is given social importance and material means and is continually stimulated to new activity by problems presented to it from the economic and social spheres. 73. Now these problems have been essentially, as we have seen, those that touched the interests of the ruling class of the time, whether real, like navigation, or imaginary, like astrology. The opportunity and the honor given to the practitioners of science at any time are a measure of the degree to which they serve at these interests. They are greatest in periods of active advance, because then the people who are occupied with science are closely in touch with the main economic interests, and are often drawn from the directing classes themselves or are brought into their counsels because of their abilities. We have had many examples in these pages such as: Archimedes, Grosseteste, Leonardo, Galileo, Boyle, Davy, Pasteur, Kelvin.

问答题Directions: you are required to write about 200 words on the following topic: "Is it better to set up a bridge or a wail between china and the west?"

问答题 6 The Banking Act of 1933, known as the Glass-Steagall Act (格拉斯·斯蒂格尔法案), separated commercial banking and investment banking, where the latter refers specifically to issuing, underwriting, selling, or distributing stock or bond offerings of corporations. Commercial banks had become deeply involved in the sale and distribution of new stock and bond offerings in the 1920s, not always with happy results. 7 There were suspicions that banks on occasion dumped new offerings into trust funds that they managed because they couldn"t sell them to anyone else. 8 To avoid such conflicts of interest, the Banking Act of 1933 divorced commercial from investment banking. Banks involved in both areas were forced to choose one or the other. Commercial banks were allowed to distribute new offerings of federal government securities and "full faith and credit" general obligations of state and local governments. 9 But Glass-Steagall provided that banks could not get involved in new offerings of corporate stocks or bonds or municipal revenue bonds. Revenue bonds differ from general municipal obligations in that they are not backed by the full taxing power of the state or local government; bondholders have a claim only on the revenues of a specific project being financed, such as a toll road or a state university dormitory. 10 The Act was also interpreted as meaning that commercial banks could not offer mutual funds, including money market mutual funds. Commercial banks believe they are being discriminated against by the provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act.

问答题The world's long romance with speed may finally be ending. Even if Concorde (协和式飞机) flies again, its antique nature was revealed as soon as the Paris accident made people scratch their heads and ask quite why these odd aircraft were still flying. Much of the technology that surrounded us has, when we look at it afresh, a Jules Verne quality-solving problems that once seemed important in ways that are ingenious but not necessarily efficient or safe. The reorientation of science toward the biological and computer frontiers is now an old story, but the 19th century fascination with motive power has retained a powerful hold on our imaginations and our economies. 71. Advances in motive power were for a long while the main way in which progress and national competition in technology were measured. First at sea, then on the railways, then on the roads, in the air and finally in space, more and more rapid movement was seen as an Carefree good and also, in some vague way, as a key to a fuller understanding of the world. So intoxicating was this ultimate way in which the growing speed and reach of manmade vehicles could be used that when an unknown rocket enthusiast called Hermann Oberth published his By Rocket To Interplanetary Space in the 1920s, it represented such an escape from the difficulties of the present to the anxious citizens of Weimar Germany (德国魏玛共和国) that it became a bestseller overnight. 72. For individual sportsmen, pilots and drivers, speed had the status of a privileged substance to which, in those early days, only a minority had full access. Mechanized speed made men, and a few women, into heroes, and it remains a commodity to which males, in particular, are attracted. The front of the Boys Own annual of half a century ago would typically feature a speeding train in the middle ground, a fast aeroplane above, and a racing car in the foreground. Disentangling the genuine advantages of speed from its cult aspects has always been a problem, and this was certainly the case in the era in which Concorde was conceived. Land, air and sea speed records had mattered since the 20s in a way inconceivable today. This manic race was run on three tracks-of celebrity sport, of competition between civil industries, and of military development. All three were littered with casualties, whether spectators at Le Mans, Donald Campbell on Coniston Water, or numerous test pilots and astronauts through the years. Britain was slowing down on all three courses when Concorde came along. Indeed the Concorde project survived in part because, as Harold Wilson explained in his memoirs, the agreement with the French was embodied in an international treaty, and they refused even to consider abandoning or postponing the work. "We had little choice but to go on," the then prime minister concluded. His lack of enthusiasm suggests that, long before Concorde flew, some those responsible for it knew that it was not going to be a practical aircraft, and also that the technical spin-off would be less than advertised. The reason was that speed was such as dominant consideration that everything else had to take second place. The result was an aircraft that was both ahead of its tie and behind the times, since the era of small-scale luxury air travel was over. A preoccupation with speed has always gone hand in hand with a preoccupation with safety, the two standards between them providing a way in which advanced states calibrate the state of civilization. Increasing speeds have world lives in constant fear of regression, of losing the scientific and organizational edge that enables it to be both fast and safe. That is one reason why air and sea accidents can attain such mythic status. The disparate treatment of first and third world accidents in the Western press is probably due more to the feeling that accidents are indicators of technical health than to any devaluation of American or Asian lives. Speed still has its kingdom, but it is shrinking. Its limits have long ago been reached on the roads, and its value in the air, even for manned military aircraft, is diminished- agility and protection are as or more important. 73. It is still marginally attractive to make trains go faster. The pursuit of physical speed has been replaced by the pursuit of near instantaneity on the Net, an aim which we may in time come to regard just as skeptically. It is hard to imagine the mood in which David Lean's The Sound Barrier was made in 1952. breaking that barrier seemed to hold the key to a mystery. But there was no mystery. Man can go faster, but that does not mean it is worth doing so.

问答题Quite a few teachers complain about students reading fewer books than before. In fact, students nowadays spend more time surfing on the Internet and watching movies on DVD's. Naturally they spend less time reading books. Do you think that students today are less knowledgeable because they read fewer books?

问答题Your composition should contain at least 180 words and must be written clearly on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.

问答题Please write an argumentation based on the following topic and elaborate your point of view in about 200 words. Remember to write your composition neatly and clearly on ANSWER SHEET II. Some people prefer to plan activities for their free time very carefully. Others choose not to make any plans at all for their free time. Which do you prefer — planning or not planning for your leisure time? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.