问答题其次，我们可以鼓励人们选择其他交通工具，无论是市内交通，还是城市之间的旅行，都应该这样做。譬如说，我们可以使人们感到乘坐火车和公共汽车既便宜又方便。我们可以在大城市建立大规模公共交通系统，尤其是建造如伦敦、纽约、莫斯科和东京等城市所拥有的地铁系统。

问答题Employment became widespread when the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.

问答题目前，估计每年大约有50000物种绝迹。牛津大学的地理学家尼克密德尔顿博士说道，如果这种情况继续下去，它对所有生物的影响将可能是深远的。“所有物种都以某种方式互相依赖以生存。因此危险就在于，如果你从这个互相联系的非常复杂的网络上除掉一个物种，你很难预料这对对生态系统造成的连锁影响。所以，如果你失去了一个重要物种，那也许会引起大量其他物种的绝迹。” 麻烦的是对这问题还没有明显的解决办法。和全球气温上升以及臭氧大大减少这些问题不一样，如果政府进行干预，这两种情况町以通过减少废气的排放得以减弱，而保护生物的多样性却依然是一个十分棘手的问题。 最新的想法是“可持续管理”，即指人类应该在保证每一物种有足够的个体存活下来以确保该物种得以延续的条件下，才能够利用动、植物种为自己谋利益。 人们把可持续管理视为一种保护物种使之免于绝迹的实用而又经济的办法。这种办法使当地人们可以为了经济上的原因而失去保护动、植物，而不是依靠在很大程度上难以奏效的反对非法偷猎的规章制度。例如，在津巴布韦就有可持续管理项目来保护大象。外国游客为娱乐而杀这动物要付高额费用。这钱随后再交给发生射猎的地区居民。从理论上讲，由于牵涉到当地居民经济利益，他们会受到激励去保护大象而不是去非法偷猎或允许其他人去偷猎大象。

问答题Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. 1) {{U}}Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.{{/U}} Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law. If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment on the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. 2) {{U}}on the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.{{/U}} For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career. 3) {{U}}But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.{{/U}} Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. 4) {{U}}In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.{{/U}} Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. 5) {{U}}While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.{{/U}} These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.

问答题改革开放以来，中国找到了一条适合自己国情的促进和发展人权的道路。中国是一个历 史悠久、人口众多、资源和财富相对短缺的东方发展中国家。在这样一个国家促进人权，既 不能照搬西方国家的人权发展模式，也不能因袭其他发展中国家的做法，只能从中国的 国情出发，探索具有自身特点的发展道路。改革开放以后，中国在总结历史经验和教训的基 础上，找到了一条真正符合中国国情的促进人权发展的道路。这就是：将生存权和发展权放 在首位，在改革、发展、稳定和条件下，全面推进人权。这条道路的特点是：在发展人权的 基本方向上，坚持发展生产力和共同富裕的原则，立足于改善全国人民的生活和促进全国人 权的发展。在促进人权和轻重缓急上，强调生存权、发展权的首要地位，同时兼顾公民的政 治、经济、社会、文化权利和个人、集体权利的全面发展；在促进和保障人权的方式上强调 稳定是前提，发展是关键，改革是动力，法制是保障。20多年来，由于中国坚持了这条正确 的发展道路，不仅使全国人民的生活状况和精神风貌大为改观，而且形成了一整套比较完备 的保障人民民主权利的政治制度和法律体系，从而使人权建设在制度化、法律化的轨道上取 得了长足和进展，人权状况呈现出不断改善的良好态势。

问答题“文化”这个词在外文里最初是积累的意思。古代学者非常重视逐渐积累的过程，这是符合一般规律的正确方法。因为学习不但要靠理解力，还要靠记忆力，无论理解力和记忆力有多强，要理解和记住所学的东西总要有一个过程。有些人认为他们一下子就能把什么都学会，其结果必定是事与愿违。

问答题The image many of us may have of a language teacher is someone drilling a classroom full of teenagers in the finer points of French or German grammar in a way not self-evidently relevant to the outside world. But the past decade has seen big changes to the way language teaching is organised and delivered in English schools. (1) The age range of pupils where language teaching is compulsory has shifted downwards. Now, all children start learning a foreign language, albeit gradually, when they're just seven and continue until they're 14. Previously the compulsory age range was between 11 and 16. (2) At the same time, the methods of language teaching have become much more targeted towards enabling young people to communicate in the spoken word rather than to get every single dot and comma correct in the written form. And the range of languages taught in schools has expanded enormously. Spanish, French and German remain the most popular choices, but Italian, Russian, Mandarin, Urdu, Bengali and a host of others are also taught in an increasing number of classrooms. (3) So, for the graduate or native speaker of almost any world language, a career as a school teacher is a realistic and attractive prospect. And it's one being followed by large numbers every year. Last September, around 1,700 graduates started one-year Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) training courses to become foreign language teachers in secondary schools, each offering competence in at least two foreign languages, French and Spanish being the most common. And there are now increasing numbers of training to become primary teachers with a language specialism, a training route introduced three years ago. (4) Here, trainees prepare to handle all subjects across the timetable, as well as to develop an additional expertise in introducing foreign language learning to pupils. Around 3,000 students have embarked on this route so far, most of whom are now working in primary schools. (5) The embedding of language teaching in primary schools—a process which is still far from complete-has also created more localised links between teachers across the primary-secondary divide, as primary schools make use of the greater expertise in nearby secondary staffrooms. This has, in turn, introduced enrichment and variety to many experienced secondary teachers. One such example is Greg Horton, an advanced skills language teacher at Wildern School, a co-educational comprehensive, in Hampshire, who now frequently visits local primary schools to support teachers in language lessons.

问答题城市一直在破坏它们的周围环境，并常常为之付出代价。科学家发现，一座老城在泥土下掩埋了千百年就是因为砍树过多而被洪水淹没的。此外，城市会给市民带来许多问题。据估计，到2050年时，城镇居民的数量将在人类历史上第一次超过农村人数。随后30年内，城市居民人数将达到农村人口的两倍。人类的未来很大程度上将由城市的状况来决定，下几代人的生活质量和解决国家内部及国家之间冲突的机会将取决于各国政府是否能找到办法来控制城市的过快发展。

问答题Outlines: 1. New scientific discoveries nearly always bring to mankind a blessing; 2. Yet sometimes scientific discoveries may prove a curse upon human race; 3. The misuse of scientific discoveries must be prevented.

问答题Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 English words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2). When there is a heavy rain in the north of China, cities and towns are often flooded. But heavy rains in southern cities seldom pose severe problems. When there is a heavy snow in the south of China, cities and towns often run into chaos. But heavy snows in the north seldom pose severe problems. What should city planners do to deal with this and what do you think of the different ways of dealing with it?

问答题The announcement comes after experts estimated that most of the population in Britain would be obese by 2050 unless urgent action is taken and the related rise in ill health would cost the National Health Service 50 billion pounds a year. According to ministers, giving people incentives to fight the flab will help avoid larger costs associated with treating cancer, heart disease and diabetes caused by obesity. The government said that it wants to make Britain the first major nation to quash the rising tide of obesity. And the milestone strategy-Healthy Weight, Healthy Lives-is their solution to the problem. The strategy will feature a series of projects run through a Well@work scheme led by British Heart Foundation, which will offer rewards to workers who lose weight.

问答题The years between 1870 and 1895 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermined by touring groups, as New York became the only major center of production, and as the long run replaced the repertory (库 存) system. By 1870, the resident stock company was at the peak of its development in the United States. The 50 permanent companies of 1870, however, had dwindled to 20 by 1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900. While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most important was the rise of the "combination" company (that is, one that travels with stars and full company). Sending out a complete production was merely a logical extension of touring by stars. By the 1840's many major actors were already taking along a small group of lesser players, for they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles. There is much disagreement about the origin of the combination company. Bouciault claimed to have initiated it around 1860 when he sent out a troupe with Colleen Bawn, but a book published in 1859 speaks of combination companies as already established. Joseph Jefferson [II also declared that he was a pioneer in the movement. In actuality, the practice probably began tentatively during the 1850's, only to be interrupted by the Civil War. It mushroomed in the 1870's, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increas- ingly feasible to transport full productions. In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company, but no scenery, on tour; in 1876, Rose Michel was sent out with full company, scenery, and properties. By the season of 1876—1877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 282.

问答题 Genius The greatest results in life are attained by simple means, and the exercise of ordinary qualities. The common life of every day, with its cares, necessities, and duties, affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind; and 41. {{U}}its most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for effort and room for self-improvement.{{/U}} 42. {{U}}The road of human welfare lies along the old highway of steadfast well-doing;{{/U}} and they who are the most persistent, and work in the truest: spirit, will usually be the most successful. Fortune has often been blamed for her blindness; but fortune is not so blind as men are. 43. {{U}}Those who look into practical life will find that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious, as the winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators.{{/U}} In the pursuit of even the highest branches of human inquiry, the commoner qualities are found the most useful, such as common sense, attention, application, and perseverance. Genius may not be necessary, though even genius of the highest sort does not disdain the use of these ordinary qualities. 44. {{U}}The very greatest men have been among the least believers in the power of genius, and as worldly wise and persevering as successful men of the commoner sort.{{/U}} 45. {{U}}Some have even defined genius to be only common sense intensified.{{/U}} A distinguished teacher and president of a college spoke of it as the power of making efforts. John Foster held it to be the power of lighting one's own fire. Buffon said of genius "it is patience".

问答题禽流感病毒目前已经在亚洲4个国家感染了117人，造成60多人死亡。这种病毒还在不断变异，在这个问题上专家们的意见异乎寻常地统一。他们纷纷警告说，如果在今后两年内，禽流感病毒通过变异能够在人与人之间传播，人类将会遭受一场前所未有的大灾难。

问答题1. 一位负责扶贫工作的官员说到2004年底，尽管大多数贫困人口将解决温饱问题，还将有一些生活极端贫困的人们，他们还需要政府资助。此外，对于那些刚刚脱贫的人们，他们目前的生活状况必须改善，因为他们的生产和生活状况没有从根本上被改变。如果遭受自然灾害的袭击，就可能回到原来状况。另外，现在的贫困线标准非常低，要使全体中国人过更好的生活，长期的艰苦斗争将必不可少。 2．中国的饮食方式正在发生许多变化。众所周知，中国的饮食文化具有悠久的历史。人们采用肉、蔬菜、豆制品等能做出各种美味食品，但往往耗时多。这一点与快节奏的现代社会极不相符。如今我们有了许多不同的选择：除传统家常莱外，还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。由于午休时间短，人们不愿在吃上花时间，因而各种快捷、便宜的快餐成了人们，特别是年轻人的首选。