问答题"Intelligence" at best is an assumptive construct — the meaning of the word has never been clear. There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child's capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison.

问答题{{U}}(1)Major breakthroughs were made in the reform aimed at establishing a socialist market economy; a framework for the new macro-control system was erected preliminarily and the fundamental role of the market in the allocation of resources was notably bolstered.{{/U}} During the past five years, in accordance with the reform objectives defined by the 14th National Congress of the CPC, the government took strides in promoting reform of the finance, taxation, banking, foreign exchange, planning, pricing and investment and fund-raising systems. New financial and taxation systems have been established and are functioning smoothly. The financial resources of both the central government and local governments have increased considerably. (2) {{U}}Non-commercial banking has been preliminarily separated from commercial banking, and the central bank is playing an increasingly important role in financial control, supervision and management.{{/U}} (3) {{U}}A single exchange rate for the RMB was successfully introduced; the exchange rate of the RMB remained stable; and the RMB was made convertible under current accounts.{{/U}} As. planning regulations which were carried out mainly in the form of guidance plans constantly improved, and as the control over prices further relaxed, prices of an overwhelming majority of consumer goods and means of production are now being set by the market. As a result, the market is playing an increasingly evident role in augmenting supply, regulating demand and enriching people's lives. (4) {{U}}In the reform of investment and fund-raising, we introduced a system whereby a legal person is held responsible for projects, a capital system and public bidding system.{{/U}} Safeguards against investment risks were gradually strengthened and enterprises had more channels through which to raise funds. The reform of state-owned enterprises has been intensified and is progressing steadily through conscientious experimentation. (5) {{U}}The direction objectives, guiding policies and priorities of the reform have been defined. We have explored many means and have accumulated valuable experience in tackling difficult points.{{/U}}

问答题One of the most difficult situations that a researcher can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has violated the ethical standards of the research community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable obligation to act. At the most immediate level, misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one"s own research or the research of colleagues. 1) More broadly, even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists and their institutions, which in turn can result in the imposition of counterproductive regulations, and shake public confidence in the integrity of science. To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is possible--but not always. Reprisals by the accused person and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past and have had serious consequences. 2) Any allegation of misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the charge, the institutions involved, and science in general. Someone who is confronting a problem involving research ethics usually has more options than are immediately apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. 3) In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, and other senior faculty call be invaluable sources of advice in deciding whether to go forward with a complaint. An important consideration is deciding when to put a complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are obligated to deal with a complaint in a mole formal manner than if it is made verbally. 4) Putting a complaint in writing can have serious consequences for the career of a scientist and should be undertaken only after thorough consideration. The National Science Foundation and Public Health Service require all research institutions that receive public funds to have procedures in place to deal with allegations of unethical practice. 5) These procedures take into account fairness for the accused, protection for the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and requirements for confidentiality_ and disclosure. In addition, many universities and other research institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics Officer, or other official who is available to discuss situations involving research ethics. Such discussions are carried out in the strictest confidence whenever possible. Some institutions provide multiple entry points, so that complainants can go to a person with whom they feel comfortable.

问答题 At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the likelihood of death is least. 71. {{U}}Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable; later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and resistance which, though imperceptible at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us{{/U}}. This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called aging. It is one the most unpleasant discoveries which we make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and diseases we shall eventually "die of old age", and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer on into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are. Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it. 72. {{U}}We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigor with time, of becoming more likely to die the older we get was something self-evident, like the cooling of a kettle of hot water or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes.{{/U}} They are also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things "wear out". Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do if given the chances to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact run out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics. But these are not analogous to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itself—it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. 73. {{U}}We could, at one time, repair ourselves—well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose the power; an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty years can knock us out, and into our grave. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.{{/U}}

问答题野营乐趣无穷——特别是如果你合家野营的时候。在旅馆沉闷的房间里徘徊，思忖着他们会给你送来什么样的饭菜，是一桩令人烦心的事儿。形成鲜明的对比的是，来到一个野营地支起帐篷，开始做饭的时候，简直是兴奋无比。

问答题B. Translate the following into English: 在当今快速发展变化的世界，各行各业的领导者都需要有充分的想象力和批判精神，而非某种不成熟的狭隘观点。就现实而言，坚实的人文和科学学科的教育通常会对很多具有挑战性的高级职业，以及越来越多的成年人追求的职业做着最实实在在的准备。没有任何一个特别的研究领域会永远成为安全感、领导力和个人满足感的门票。

问答题在经济加快发展的过程中，又出现一些新的矛盾，特别是投资规模偏大，部分行业和地区盲目投资，低水平重复建设比较严重，能源、交通和部分原材料供求关系紧张。

问答题81. By now it's hardly news that as education has risen to the top of the national agenda, a great wave of school reform has focused on two related objectives: more-stringent academic standards and increasingly rigorous accountability for both students and schools. 82. In state after state, legislatures, governors, and state boards, supported by business leaders, have imposed tougher requirements in math, English, science, and other fields, together with new tests by which the performance of both students and schools is to be judged. In some places students have already been denied diplomas or held back in grade if they failed these tests. 83. In some states funding for individual schools and for teachers' and principals' salaries -- and in some, such as Virginia, the accreditation of schools -- will depend on how well students do on tests. More than half the states now require tests for student promotion or graduation. But a backlash has begun. 84. In Virginia this spring parents, teachers, and school administrators opposed to the state's Standard of Learning assessments, established in 1998, inspired a flurry_ of bills in the legislature that called for revising the tests of their status as unavoidable hurdles for promotion and graduation. One bill would also have required that each new member of the sate board of education "take the eighth grade Standards of Learning assessments in English, mathematics, science, and social sciences" and that "the results of such assessments.., be publicly reported." 85. None of the bills passed, but there's little doubt that if the system isn't revised and the state's high failure rates don't decrease by 2004, when the first Virginia senior may be denied diplomas, the political pressure will intensify. Meanwhile, some parents are talking about Massachusetts-style boycotts.

问答题英国人能写小说和戏剧，甚至偶尔出现一位世界级的画家，但至于电影，他们似乎没有什么建树。

问答题看在玛丽的份上，我可以把车借给你，以解决你的交通工具问题。

问答题Once you've written down all your goals, both large and small, the next step on your journey to success is to activate the creative powers of your subconscious mind by reviewing your list two or three times every day. Take time to read your list of goals. Read the list one goal at a time. Close your eyes and picture each goal as if it were already accomplished. Take a few more seconds to feel what you would feel if you had already accomplished each goal. Following this daily discipline of success will activate the power of your desire. It increases what psychologists refer to as "structural tension" in your brain. Your brain wants to close the gap between your current reality and the vision of your goal. By constantly repeating and visualizing your goal as already achieved, you will be increasing this structural tension. This will increase your motivation, stimulate your creativity, and heighten your awareness of resources that can help you achieve your goal.

问答题Professional literatures have been regarded as "intangible assets" of the whole world because they are, on one hand, the summary, generalization, and development of the achievement obtained on the basis of previous experiences or studies, and on the other hand, they have been accumulated and handed down from generation to generation. In this sense, therefore, all kinds of literatures are records of previous research findings and academic achievements, and crystallization of human civilization.

问答题 Exactly where we will stand in the long war against disease by the year 2050 is impossible to say. (111) {{U}}But if developments in research maintain their current pace, it seems likely that a combination of improved attention to dietary and environmental factors, along with advances in gene therapy and protein-targeted drags, will have virtually eliminated most major classes of disease.{{/U}} From an economic standpoint, the best news may be that these accomplishments could be accompanied by a drop in health-care costs. (112) {{U}}Costs may even fall as diseases are brought under control using pinpointed, short term therapies now being developed.{{/U}} By 2050 there will be fewer hospitals, and surgical procedures will be largely restricted to the treatment of accidents and other forms of trauma (外伤). Spending on nonacute (慢性病的) care, both in nursing facilities and in homes, will also fall sharply as more elderly people lead healthy lives until close to death. One result of medicine's success in controlling disease will be a dramatic increase in life expectancy. (113) {{U}}The extent of that increase is a highly, speculative matter, but it is worth noting that medical science has already helped to make the very old (currently defined as those over 85 years of age) the fastest growing segment of the population.{{/U}} Between 1960 and 1995, the U. S. population as a whole increased by about 45%, while the segment over 85 years of age grew by almost 300%. (114) {{U}}There has been a similar explosion in the population of centenarians, with the result that survival to the age of 100 is no longer the newsworthy feat that it was only a few decades ago.{{/U}} U. S. Census Bureau projections already forecast dramatic increase in the number of centenarians in the next 50 years: 4 million in 2050, compared with 37, 000 in 1990. (115) {{U}}Although Census Bureau calculations project an increase in average life span of only eight years by the year 2050, some experts believe that the human life span should not begin to encounter any theoretical natural limits before 120 years.{{/U}} With continuing advances in molecular medicine and a growing understanding of the aging process, that limit could rise to 130 years or more.

问答题Write an essay on Water Shortage in China and Suggestions on Remedies. The article below can be used to support your writing in facts and certain remedies. 2) Not less than 150 words. Water Crisis Looming for China Surging water consumption in China's growing cities and towns, coupled with reckless industrial and agricultural use, is straining the nation's already strapped water supplies, the government and several international organizations warn. China's water resources amount to the fifth-largest in the world, and its winding rivers have cradled civilizations for over five millennia. But with the country's population swelling to 1.3 billion, many of China's rivers, including the legendary Yellow River, are drying up, and the water table is falling. The international groups say dwindling water supplies could disrupt China' s food security, public health, environment, and economic growth. "China's problem is "brown" poverty. If you look at a map, large swaths of the country are totally brown nothing can grow there," said Deepak Bhattasali, the World Bank' s chief economist in Beijing. "If this brown spreads, so will hunger, and industrial growth will slow. The country's annual per capital water supply is only 2,200 cubic meters, 25% of the global average, according to the World Bank. The government says that by 2030, the water supply is expected to fall below 1,700 cubic meters per person, which the World Bank calls dangerously low. During the same period, water demand is expected to more than triple, from 120 billion tons a year to 400 billion tons. Using uncharacteristically strong language, the World Bank recently warned that the situation "will soon become unmanageable, with catastrophic consequences for future generations." China does not act like a nation in the midst of a water shortage, Taps run freely because the government subsidizes water supplies, especially to farmers. For industry, China' s water consumption efficiency is one-tenth that of developed countries. And only a fraction of China' s industrially used water is recycled, mostly because local governments are loath to burden local firms with costly recycling roles. A senior Chinese official in charge of water resources has said China loses more than 30 billion cubic meters of water every year, causing a $28 billion loss in industrial output. But he says he is committed to making the tough decisions needed to correct the situation. Water conservation and recycling programs are being introduced, and the government has said it will raise the price of water supplied to farmers and industry. Steps are being taken to curb rapid deforestation and soil erosion across the country. Hydropower, which creates large evaporating reservoirs, is increasingly being complemented with wind power. China is on track to generate 10% of its power from wind and solar energy by 2010. Programs to desalinate seawater using solar energy are also in place in several cities. But none of this is likely to be enough, analysts say. Lester Brown of the World watch Institute, an environmental watchdog based in Washington, D.C. warns that China's water problems will have global repercussions. Brown calculates that shortages will cut China's annual agricultural output by 9 million tons, forcing it to buy grain. This will push up world food prices.

问答题电信集团如果那时及时地将局域网升了级，就会在全省赢得了更多的用户。

问答题一些法官已允许医院让没有希望康复的病人停用维持生命的设备。但是，我说这是残忍的谋杀。我们要么现在就中止这种惯常作法，要么就应该尽快为老人、体弱者和其他被认为是负担的人制定安乐死计划。我们应该让病情自然地发展而不应该停用维持生命的设备。

问答题当时我们所面临的最关键的问题是熟练劳动力的缺乏，用以培训这种劳动力的大学 师资不足，以及我们的大学中由于用于教育和科研的师资和现代化设备短缺造成和研究能力 衰退。

问答题毫无疑问，有些妇女坚持要有离婚的权利，如果她们的丈夫干的工作和积攒的钱不如她们多的话。