问答题Washington Irving grasped this fact nearly a hundred years ago when he wrote: "The stranger who would form a correct opinion of English character must go forth into the country. He must sojourn in villages and hamlets; he must visit castles, villas, farmhouses, cottages; he must wander through parks and gardens, along hedges and green lanes; he must loiter about country churches, attend wakes and fairs and other rural festivals, and cope with me people in all their conditions and all their habits and humors. "

问答题The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. in most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths o5 the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.

问答题A journal's reputation may not tell the complete story about its impact on the scholarly community. In fact, a study on social science journals suggests quite the opposite. Their research showed that there is a nonlinear relationship between a journal's reputation and its impact, especially at the extremes of the prestige scale. They conclude that citation data "permit scholars to evaluate the importance of journals based not on Opinion but on the frequency of citations" and that "frequency of citation implies scholarly acceptance, or at least acknowledgment of importance through utilization of others' work." The researchers go on to mention that "journals have prestige, but their prestige is only derived from the usefulness of the articles they publish./

问答题Reading the following passage carefully and then write a summary of it in English in about 120 words. The success of failure of a company abroad depends on how effectively its employees can exercise their skills in a new location. That ability will depend on both their job-related expertise and the individual's sensitivity and responsiveness to the new cultural environment. One of the most common factors contributing to failure in international business assignments is the erroneous assumption that if a person is successful in the home environment, he or she will be equally successful in applying technical expertise in a different culture. Research has shown that failures in the overseas business setting most frequently result from an inability to understand and adapt to foreign ways of thinking and acting rather than from technical or professional incompetence. At home U. S business people equip themselves with vast amount of knowledge of their employees, customers, and business partners. Market research provides detailed information on values, attitudes, and buying preferences of U. S consumers; middle-and-upper-level managers are well versed in the intricacies of their organization's culture; and labor negotiators must be highly sensitive to what motivates those on the other side of the table. Yet when North Americans turn to the International arena, they frequently are willing to deal with customers, employees, and fellow workers with a lack of information that at home would be unimaginable. The literature on international business if filled with examples of business miscues when U. S. corporations attempted to operate in an international context. Some are mildly amusing. Others are downright embarrassing. All of them, to one degree or another, have been costly in terms of money, reputation, or both. For example, when American firms try to market their products in other countries, they often assume that if a marketing strategy or slogan is effective in Cleveland, it will be equally effective in other parts of the world. But problems arise when cultural context changes. Just as inattention to the cultural context can result in some costly blunders in marketing and management, it also can affect seriously the success of international business negotiation. Time, effort, reputation, and even contracts can be lost because of cultural ignorance. The world is changing faster than most of us can calculate, and if American businesspersons are to meet the challenges of an increasingly interdependent world, they will need to develop a better understanding of how cultural variable influence international business enterprises. A healthy dialogue between cultures and members of the international business community will be an important step in achieving that needed understanding.

问答题Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. "Anthropology" derives from the Greek words anthropos, meaning "human", and logos, meaning "study of". By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.

问答题Section A: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Whoever has so far formed his taste, as to be able to relish and feel the beauties of the great masters, has gone a great way in his study; merely from a conscientiousness of his relish of the right, the mind swells with an inward pride, and is almost as powerfully affected, as if it had itself produced what is admires. Our hearts, frequently warmed in this manner by the contact of those whom we wish to resemble, will undoubtedly catch something of their way of thinking; and we shall receive in our own bosoms some radiation at least of their fire and splendor. That disposition, which is so strong in children, still continues with us, of catching involuntarily the general air and manner of those with whom we are most conversant.

问答题If there were only a dozen or so air molecules in my kitchen, it would be likely if I waited a year or so—that at some point the six coldest ones would congregate inside the freezer.

问答题BDirections:/B Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. 21. UNext to Sir Andrew in the clubroom sits Captain Sentry, a gentleman of great courage, good understanding, but invincible modesty. He is one of those that deserve very well, but are very awkward at putting their talents within the observation of such as should take notice of them/U. He was some years a captain, and behaved himself with great gallantry in several engagements and at several sieges, but having a small estate of his own, and being next heir to Sir Roger, he has quitted a way of life in which no man can rise suitably to his merit, who is not something of a courtier as well as a soldier. 22. UI have heard him often lament that in a profession where merit is placed in so conspicuous a view, impudence should get the better of modesty. When he had talked to this purpose, I never heard him make a sour expression, but frankly confess that he left the world because he was not fit for it/U. 23. UA strict honesty, and an even regular behavior, are in themselves obstacles to him that must press through crowds, who endeavor at the same end with himself, the favor of a commander/U. 24. UHe will, however, in his way of talk excuse generals for not disposing according to men's deserts, or inquiring into it. For, says he, that the great man who has a mind to help me, has as many to break through to come at me, as I have to come at him: therefore he will conclude that the man who would make a figure, especially in a military way, must get over all false modesty, and assist his patron against the importunity of other pretenders, by a proper assurance in his own vindication/U. He says it is a civil cowardice to be backward in asserting what you ought to expect, as it is a military fear to be slow in attacking when it is your duty. With this candor does the gentleman speak of himself and others. The same frankness runs through all his conversation. The military part of his life has furnished him with many adventures, in the relation of which he is very agreeable to the company, for he is never overbearing, though accustomed to command men in the utmost degree below him, nor ever too obsequious, from a habit of obeying men highly above him.

问答题Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment widely.

问答题中国加入WTO后，博士研究生的培养也会受到一定程度的影响。2．探讨一下会产生哪些方面的影响，是积极的还是消极的影响等。3．你个人的看法如何。

问答题1．当代中国与世界的关系发生了历史性变化。中国经济已经成为世界经济的重要组成部分，中国已经成为国际体系的重要成员，中国的前途命运曰益紧密地同世界的前途命运联系在一起。中国的发展离不开世界，世界的繁荣稳定也离不开中国。中国将一如既往地致力于与各国一道建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。 2．人与人之间的差别在于他们对待事物的不同态度。有人按照事物的颜色、大小、外形来区分事物，有人根据事物内在的特点、因果关系来区分事物。有人可能更关注事物之间的内在区别，而忽略了事物之间一些外在的差异。对待事物的不同态度决定了人们处理问题的不同方法。 3．结交朋友是为了建立一种朴素的、真诚的社交圈子，友谊就是互助，我们既可以与朋友在平静的日子中一道悠闲散步，抒发优雅的才情；也愿意与朋友一起度过坎坷的岁月。友谊不应当落入平庸与俗套当中，我们应该以勇气、智慧和力量为友谊增色。

问答题Directions: Suppose you've read in an essay the key statements." "People should never be satisfied with the existing state of affairs. They should always want something novel and something different." Write an article entitled Dissatisfactions Propel the Society Forward. You should write no less than 200 words.

问答题Many people think that nowadays people are being subjected to more pressure at work, and thus are having less time to relax. What's your opinion? You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.

问答题Please write an argumentation based on the following topic and elaborate your point of view in about 200 words. Remember to write your composition neatly and clearly on ANSWER SHEET II. Some people trust their first impressions about a person's character because they believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a person's character quickly because they believe first impressions are wrong. Compare these two attitudes. Which of them do you agree with? Support your choice with specific examples.

问答题人们必须通过对现象的分析和研究，才能了解到事实的本质，因此需要科学。

问答题 If a rock is large enough, the heat generated as it is thrown clear will be negligible except at its surface—where, if anything, melting may even produce an airtight skin to protect any microbes deeper down from the unpleasant vacuum of space.

问答题 The greatest results in life are usually attained by simple means, and the exercise of ordinary qualities. 1. {{U}}The common life of every day, with its cares, necessities, and duties, affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind; and its most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for effort and room for self-improvement. The road of human welfare lies along the old highway of steadfast well-doing; and they who are the most persistent, and Work in the truest spirit, will usually be the most successful.{{/U}} Fortune has often been blamed for her blindness; but fortune is not so blind as men are. Those who look into practical life will find that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious, as the winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators. In the pursuit of even the highest branches of human inquiry, the commoner qualities are found the most useful—such as common sense, attention, application, and perseverance. 2.{{U}} Genius may not be necessary, though even genius of the highest sort does not disdain the use of these ordinary qualities. The very greatest men have been among the least believers in the power of genius, and as worldly wise and persevering as successful men of the commoner sort. Some have even defined genius to be only common sense intensified.{{/U}} A distinguished teacher and president of a college spoke of it as the power of making efforts. John Foster held it to be the power of lighting one's own fire. Buffon said of genius "it is patience". Newton's was unquestionably a mind of the very highest order, and yet, when asked by what means he had worked out his extraordinary discoveries, he modestly answered, "By always thinking unto them." At another time he thus expressed his method of study: "I keep the subject continually before me, and wait till the first dawnings open slowly by little and little into a full and clear light." 3.{{U}} It was in Newton's case, as in every other, only by diligent application and perseverance that his great reputation was achieved. Even his recreation consisted in change of study, laying down one subject to take up another.{{/U}} To Dr. Bentley he said, "If I have done the public any service, it is due to nothing but industry and patient thought." 4. {{U}}The extraordinary results effected by dint of sheer industry and perseverance, have led many distinguished men to doubt whether the gift of genius be so exceptional an endowment as it is usually supposed to be. Thus Voltaire held that it is only a very slight line of separation that divides the man of genius from the man of ordinary mould.{{/U}} Beccaria was even of opinion that all men might be poets and orators, and Reynolds that they might be painters and sculptors. If this were really so, that stolid Englishman might not have been so very far wrong after all, who, on Canova's death, inquired of his brother whether it was "his intention to carry on the business". Locke, Helvetius, and Diderot believed that all men have an equal aptitude for genius, and that what some are able to effect, under the laws which regulate the operations of the intellect, must also be within the reach of others who, under like circumstances, apply themselves to like pursuits. 5.{{U}} But while admitting to the fullest extent the wonderful achievements of labor, and recognizing the fact that men of the most distinguished genius have invariably been found the most indefatigable workers, it must nevertheless be sufficiently obvious that, without the original endowment of heart and brain, no amount of labor, however well applied, could have produced a Shakespeare, a Newton, a Beethoven, or a Michelangelo.{{/U}} Dalton, the chemist, repudiated the notion of his being "a genius", attributing everything which he had accomplished to simple industry and accumulation. John Hunter said of himself, "My mind is like a beehive; but full as it is of buzz and apparent confusion, it is yet full of order and regularity, and food collected with incessant industry from the choicest stores of nature." We have, indeed, but to glance at the biographies of great men to find that the most distinguished inventors, artists, thinkers, and workers of all kinds, owe their success, in a great measure, to their indefatigable industry and application. They were men who turned all things to Gold-even time itself.