问答题 16 We are all now aware that some new scientific or technological advances, though useful, may have unpleasant side effects. More and more, the tendency is to expert caution before committing the world to something that may not be reversible. The trouble is, it"s not always easy to tell what the side effects will be. In 1846, a man called Sobrero produced the first nitroglycerine (硝化甘油). When heated, a drop of it exploded. The Italian chemist realized in horror its possible application to warfare and stopped his research at once. It didn"t help, of course. 17 Others followed his research and other high explosives were indeed being used in warfare by the close of the 19th century. Did that make high explosives entirely bad? In 1867, Alfred Nobel learned how to mix nitroglycerine with other substances to produce a safer-to-handle mixture he called "dynamite". With dynamite, earth could be moved at a rate far beyond that of pick and shovel. We can"t abandon industrialization, because our food supply depends on it. If everyone decided to grow food without chemical fertilizers or insecticides or machinery, it would mean that only one quarter of the world population could be fed. Can we abandon some of our industrial technology and hold onto the rest? That would be very difficult, since it all hangs together. We can save, conserve, cut out waste, but what we have we must keep. 18 The only solution, as always in the history of mankind, is to solve problems by still further advances in technology.

问答题71. The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in the U.S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don't know how to think about health and illness. Our reactions are formed on the terror level. 72. We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst and the result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs(臆想症患者), a self-medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention. Somewhere in our early education we become addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. We fail to learn that pain is the body's way of informing the mind that we are doing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong. We don't understand that pain may be telling us that we are eating too much or the wrong things, or that we are smoking too much or drinking too much, or that there is too much emotional congestion in our lives, or that we are being worn down by having to cope daily with overcrowded streets and highways, the pounding noise of garbage grinders, or the cosmic distance between the entrance to the airport and the departure gate. We get the message of pain all wrong. Instead of addressing ourselves to the cause, we become pushovers for pills, driving the pain underground and inviting it to return with increased authority. 73. Early in life, too, we become seized with the bizarre idea that we are constantly assaulted by invisible monsters called germs, and that we have to be on constant alert to protect ourselves against their fury, but equal emphasis is not given to the presiding fact that our bodies are superbly equipped to deal with the little demons and the best way of forestalling an attack is to maintain a sensible lifestyle.

问答题Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic below. Use the proper space on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ. My Idea of Professional Ethics for a Scientist

问答题The 28th Olympic Games was held in Athens, Australia from Aug. 1 to Aug. 17, during which time you must have watched many exciting scenes on TV. Use about 200 words to give a comment on the following topic: Winning isn't everything in the Olympic Games.

问答题The only solid pieces of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-had spots.

问答题When you graduate from the university, you exit with thousands of papers of personal text on which are inscribed beliefs and values shaped by years of education, family interactions, relationship, experience. These philosophies and ideologies certainly left an impression on you, but the rigor of the distillation process, the exercise of refinement, that"s where the real learning happened.

问答题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed45minutestowriteashortessayofabout300wordsfollowingthepicturegivenbelow:(1)Describethepicture.(2)Giveyouropinion.WritetheessayontheAnswerSheet(2)only.

问答题On-line newspapers are a look into the future, and just pondering it raises the question of whether it isn't nicer getting your daily news curled up in your favorite chair with your ballpoint pen handy to circle items of interest, or scissors ready to snip out articles you want to save. The Gazette Company is betting its subscribers want both electronic and paper options, and so far it seems to be right. The rest of the world is moving into cyberspace more slowly than the United States, and, in the developing world, the Internet has hardly penetrated at all. U. N. Secretary General Kofi Annan is determined to change this through the United Nations Information Technology Service, which will train large numbers of people to tap into the income-enhancing power of the Internet. Annan is also proposing an Internet health network that will provide state-of-the-art medical knowledge to 10, 000 clinics and hospitals in poor countries.

问答题科学是开放的知识体系，是一种属于全人类的不断进步的文化。科学是历史的，也在不断改变、塑造自身的形象。只要科学以人类的最大福祉、人性的提升为目标，科学就能重塑自我，赢得人们的依赖。但对科学的尊重不能是盲目的，赶时髦的。科学对于生产力甚至赚钱都有帮助，但科学并不沦为一种经济手段，也不沦为利益竞争对手之间的筹码。

问答题2 Although for the purpose of this article English literature is treated as being confined to writings in English by natives or inhabitants of the British Isles, it is to a certain extent the case that literature-and this is particularly true of the literature written in English--knows no frontiers. Thus, English literature can be regarded as a cultural whole of which the mainstream literatures of the Unit- ed States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada and important elements in the literatures of other commonwealth countries are parts. It can be argued that no single English novel attains the universality of the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. Yet in the Middle Ages the Old English literature was influenced and gradually changed by the Latin and French writings, eminently foreign in origin, in which the churchmen and the Norman (诺曼) conquerors expressed themselves. From this combination emerged a flexible and subtle linguistic instrument exploited by Geoffrey Chaucer (乔叟) and brought to supreme application by William Shakespeare.

问答题University: Where Will You Go?

问答题Are you really in love? How do you know the difference between love and infatuation? This is often difficult to determine, for there are no set rules surrounding the definitions of love or infatuation. Romantic love is very much a part of the American way of life and many expect that some day "it" is going to hit them and they will know they are in love. What are some of the differences between love and infatuation? (1) Genuine love is more likely to involve a process of "growing" in love rather than "falling" in love. This may sound terribly unromantic to some who are used to hearing talk about "falling in love" or being "head over heels in love". This "falling" is often infatuation, and the sheer emotion of "falling" in love often blinds a person to the imperfections of the loved one. We tend to think of the loved one as "perfect", "ideal", or some other divine image. Real love sees the total person -both the "perfection" and the imperfection. Infatuation, then, is a sudden, emotional sense that one has discovered the "perfect" lover. On the other hand, love realizes imperfections and grows with the acceptance of those imperfections. (2) Love leads a person to a feeling of security and trust in the loved one. It usually involves a feeling of mutual benefit arising from the new relationship. "We are able to solve our problems together" is the feeling of love, rather than "Please love me because I need you." (3) Infatuation often entails feelings of insecurity whenever the "lovers" are separated; feelings of doubt, fickleness, uncertainty, and fear of loss often accompany infatuation. "What will I do if I lose him?" and "I wonder if she really means it when she says she loves me?" express the feelings of infatuation. In such a setting a lasting love does not have a chance to develop. (4) Infatuation tends to be more manipulative than love because a lasting feeling of relationship probably has not developed, so that the individuals are still concerned mainly about their own needs and satisfactions. Conversely, in love, the feeling of relationship is genuine and sincere so that concern for the other person evolves naturally. (5) Physical attraction is an important part of both infatuation and love, but the superficial attraction is less important in lover for the couple experiencing love usually will build their relationship on a broader base than mere physical attraction.

问答题Outlines: 1)我国迅速发展的汽车业促使许多人拥有了私家车，但也带来了一系列问题。 2)有人认为解决问题的出路在于多修公路和停车场；有人提议改善城市交通设施，限制私家车的使用。 3)你的看法。

问答题我在这风光奇异的地方待的时间不长，但我的心灵得到了升华。那天晚上，我斗胆来到宾馆外，去观赏这五彩斑斓的极光(northern lights)把夜空照亮。传说如果你对着极光吹口哨，它们就会落到你的脚下。于是我吹响了口哨，发现它们仍待在原先的地方，在寒冷贫瘠的土地上空飘舞。一如那些飘舞的极光，这里同样是一片远离尘嚣的净土。

问答题(1)For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of culture achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy about which we will talk shortly. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial (一体的) to man. (2) What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn't be man. (3) The technical aspects of applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. (4) Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well known example. It the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic (圆锥的) sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. (5) Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would nor have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage carefully and then translate each underlined part into Chinese. 71. {{U}}It was not until modern scholarship uncovered the secret of reading Middle English that we could understand that Chaucer, far from being a rude versifier, was a perfectly accomplished technician, and that his verse is rich in music and elegant to the highest degree.{{/U}} 72. {{U}}Chaucer's own urbane personality is a delight to encounter in his books. He is avowedly a bookworm, yet few poets observe nature with more freshness and delight. He is a master of genial satire but can sympathize with true piety and goodness with as much pleasure as he attacks the hypocritical.{{/U}} 73. {{U}}It is not an uncommon estimate of Chaucer that he must be counted among the few greatest of English poets. In range of interest he is surpassed only by Shakespeare. He was recognized already in the Renaissance, when it came to England, as the Father of English Poetry. He was a man of wide learning and wrote with ease on religion, philosophy, ethics, science, rhetoric.{{/U}} No man has more completely summed up an age than Chaucer has his, yet the people of his great poems are revealed as men and women are in all times. Master of verse, as Chaucer was, he introduced into English poetry many verse forms: the heroic couplet (in which form most of The Canterbury Tales is written), verse written in iambic pentameter, rhyming aa, bb, cc, etc. --a form that was to be very important in the eighteenth century. The rime royal, a seven-line stanza in iambic pentameters, rhyming ababbcc (Troilus and Criseyde). The terza rima, three-line stanzas, rhyming aba, bcb, cdc, etc. (which he imitated from Dante, in some of his minor poems). And the eight-line iambic pentameter stanza, rhyming ababbcbc(The Monk's Tale).

问答题A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayofabout200words.B.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:(1)describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning.(2)pointouttheproblemandgiveyourcomments.

问答题What Should Human Do to Preserve the Nature?

问答题You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. You rent a house through an agency. The heating system has stopped working: You phoned the agency a week ago but it has still not been mended. Write a letter to the agency. Explain the situation and tell them what you want them to do about it. You should write at least 150 words. You do NOT need to write your own address. Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir/Madam;