问答题The unprecedented U. S. economic boom of the last half of the 1990s was propelled by investment in digital technology. Investors sank billions of dollars into dot-com startups. Billions more were invested to solve the Y2K problem. Conversion to the euro required still more billions. together, these star-aligned events delivered an enormous economic stimulus. {{U}}(1)Between 1998 and 2000 ,capital spending's share of the economy was 23 percent higher than at the start of the'90s--and 18 percent higher than today. The weakened economy of the past three years represents the inevitable payback for that abnormal bulge.{{/U}} {{U}}(2) The good news is that the present economic softness has been cushioned by new technology.{{/U}} Sophisticated information systems have allowed companies to manage inventories more efficiently. today, aggregate nonfarm inventories in the United States, when measured against final sales, are 30 percent lower than the average for the past 40 years. So routine pullbacks in consumer spending should no longer be followed by severe inventory corrections, which worsen recessions. In fact, the brief, eight-month recession from March to November 2001 is the shortest of the nine recessions since World War Ⅱ. {{U}}(3) The bad news is that companies are using new technology to displace higher-cost human effort.{{/U}} Indeed, annual productivity is increasing by 2 percent, the economy is growing at 3 percent and the stock market is recovering, but unemployment is at 6 percent Granted. that's below the average rate of 7 percent from 1979 to 1994, but it's above the 5 percent average of the past nine years. {{U}}(4)As consumers, we appreciate the lower-cost, higher-quality goods coming from both U. S. and overseas sources. As shareholders, we applaud better corporate returns. But as wage earners, we are distressed at job insecurity and losses.{{/U}} {{U}}(5) Given the unrelenting pressure on businesses to reduce costs to remain competitive, given the power of new technologies to displace workers, and given the lure of lower-labor-cost nations for offshore production and services, how can unemployment be minimized while the overall economy grows?{{/U}} The only long-run solution is innovation. Innovative products and services are essential to generate new businesses and jobs so the economy can grow at the pace needed to absorb available labor: 4 to 5 percent. New work will require retraining because new businesses are likely to be heavily dependent on knowledge workers; there will be a premium on education. Whatever might be the new technologies that will stimulate economic expansion, they will depend on an educated work force. America must have the social and political will to address the educational demands of this high-technology-driven era.

问答题The agreement is overseen by the Committee on Agriculture which reviews pro gress in the implementation of commitments, and is required to monitor the follow-up on the Ministerial decision relating to the least-developed countries and net-food importing de veloping countries. "Peace" provisions within the agreement aim to reduce the likelihood of serious disputes or challenges on agricultural subsidies over a period of nine years.

问答题世界人口突破70亿，地球资源日益减少，人们忧心忡忡。中国宣称从1979年计划生育政策实施以来，中国已有效控制了出生率。 如果没有计划生育，中国这个人口最多的国家就会多出几千万的人口。事实上，没有一个国家像中国这样大力度地、大规模地执行这项政策。据第六次人口普查报告，中国现在有13.7亿人口。不过，西方社会学家和经济学家一直警告说，再过三十年，中国将成为世界上唯一的在没有进入发达社会之前就面临老龄社会的发展中国家。 和欧洲相比，中国面临老龄化危机的进程更快。五年后，中国60岁以上的人口将从现在1.78亿增长到2.21亿。到2050年，中国四分之一的人口将超过65岁。60岁以上的人口有半数是独居老人，这一点是以前不曾想象的，要知道，以前中国人可是四代同堂。现在一个孩子要负担父母两人和祖辈四人，这个倒金字塔对每个人来说都是挑战。越来越多的人移居到城市工作，大城市面临更大的压力，而中小型城市不能给人们提供足够的就业机会。 出生于1962年到1972年这十年间的中国人退休后，这种压力会更大。这十年间平均每年有3000万婴儿出生，现在每年却只有600万到700万婴儿出生。国家人口和计划生育委员会没有放开长期的计划生育政策，因为人口过多仍然是中国社会和经济发展面临的主要挑战之一。

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Should Universities in China Expand Their Enrollment in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outline: 1. Some people think that universities should expand their enrollment. 2. Others do not think that universities should expand their enrollment. 3. Your comments on this issue.

问答题Directions: Translate the following into Chinese: Blacks have traditionally been poorly educated—look at the crisis in urban public schools—and deprived of the sorts of opportunities that create the vision necessary for technological ambition. Black folkways in America, those unspoken, largely unconscious patterns of thought and belief about what is possible that guide aspiration and behavior, thus do not encompass physics and calculus. Becoming an engineer—unlike becoming a doctor or a lawyer or an insurance salesman—has not been seen as a way up in the segregated black community. These folkways developed in response to very real historical conditions, to the limited and at best ambivalent interactions between blacks and technology in this country. Folkways, the "consciousness of the race," change at a slower pace than societal conditions do—and so a working strategy can turn into a crippling blindness and self-limitation.

问答题It is not enough to know what is right and what is wrong. One must also be able to apply this knowledge to actual, concrete situation. For that, the virtue of prudence is essential. St. Thomas Aquinas referred to prudence as the "rudder virtue", the one that "steers" the others. Without it, we are like someone adrift in a boat, tossed in this direction or that by the wind, the waves, and the current. Unfortunately, the virtue of prudence has too often been confused with caution. Thus, the "prudent" person is one who never "rocks the boat" and is especially careful to avoid offending those who are in position to advance their interests — or to thwart them. The word that actually comes closest to functioning as a synonym for prudence is "discernment". The prudent person is one who "size" up a situation and decide, or discern, what is the wisest and most moral course of action to take. Accordingly, prudence doesn't answer the question, "What is the right thing in principle to do?" Rather, "What is the right thing for me(or for us)to do in this situation?" The prudent person fully examines a situation and seeks advice from others. Reaching out to others for counsel before acting is one of the classic marks of a prudent person. A judgment is made in the light of this examination and advice, and then a decision is made.

问答题消除贫困是当代世界的重大课题。发达国家应该从提供资金、减免债务、转让技术、平等贸易等方面，支持和帮助发展中国家振兴经济，提高人民生活水平，这也符合发达国家的长远利益，各国经济共同增长和普遍繁荣，是人类努力的方向。

问答题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 45 minutes to write a short essay of about 300 words on the topic below. Give a title to your essay, and write the essay on the Answer Sheet (2) only. Privatized companies have been a trend. When being encountered with economic crisis and the corresponding downward employment rate, many university graduates choose to have their own company, i. e. to be their own boss. Would you like to be self-employed some day? Why or Why not?

问答题"My Views about Ambition Makes a Man"

问答题Steve Jobs is an entrepreneur. And that is how history will long remember him. Not primarily as a fiduciary or an institution builder or an administrator, but rather as an individual who relentlessly pursued new opportunities. (1) From the first Apple computers to the breakthrough innovations of the past eight years, he has chased new possibilities without being discouraged by whatever obstacles he encountered. Over and over again he has turned his eye and his energy—and at times, it has seemed, his entire being—to what might be gained by creating a new offering or taking an unorthodox strategic path. (2) That puts him in the company of other great entrepreneurs of the past two centuries, each of whom—and especially Steve Jobs has been defined by the intense drive, tireless curiosity, and keen commercial imagination. That has allowed them to see products and industries and possibilities that might be. (3) Each of these individuals has also been extremely hardworking, demanding of themselves and others. All have been compelled more by the significance of their own vision than by their doubts. (4) Jobs came of age in a moment of far-reaching economic, social, and technological change that we now call the Information Revolution. He has had a sense—analytic and intuitive—that in a time of great transformation, a lot is up for grabs. Imbued with a perception of his own importance on a stage where everything from telephony to music distribution to consumers' relationships with technology is being disrupted, Jobs felt there was simply no time to lose. (5) This understanding has fueled the rapid-fire pace of his actions and his obsession with "what's next?" in products, which may have also fed his often harsh, dictatorial, and somehow still-inspiring management style.

问答题Directions: There are a lot of choices you have to make in your life and some events or changes that have occurred because of them. In the following you are requested to write a composition about one of the choices you have made. Describe how your life changed because of the choice and then describe how it might have been or might be if you have done things differently. Your essay should be about 400 words. The suggested title is A Turning Point in My Life. In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your main idea, and in the second part you should support the main idea with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

问答题Describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning2.Givesomecountermeasures

问答题成都是一座来了就不想走的城市。

问答题以热爱祖国为荣，以危害祖国为耻；以服务人民为荣，以背离人民为耻；以崇尚科学为荣，以愚昧无知为耻；以辛勤劳动为荣，以好逸恶劳为耻；以团结互助为荣，以损人利己为耻；以诚实守信为荣，以见利忘义为耻；以遵纪守法为荣，以违法乱纪为耻；以艰苦奋斗为荣，以骄奢淫逸为耻。

问答题Europe was the first of the major world regions to develop a modern economy based on commercial agriculture and industrial development. Its successful modernization can be traced to the continent's rich endowment of economic resources, its history of innovations, the evolution of a skilled and educated labor force, and the interconnectedness of all its parts--both naturally existing and man-made--which facilitated the easy movement of massive quantities of raw materials and finished goods and the communication of ideas. Europe's economic modernization began with a marked improvement in agriculture output in the 17th century, particularly in England. The traditional method of cultivation involved periodically allowing land to remain fallow; this gave way to continuous cropping on fields that were fertilized with manure nom animals raised as food for rapidly expanding urban markets. Greater wealth was ac- cumulated by landowners at the same time that fewer farmhands were needed to work the land. The accumulated capital and abundant cheap labor created by this revolution in agriculture fueled the development of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The revolution began in northern England in the 1730s with the development of water-driven machinery to spin and weave wool and cotton. By mid-century James Watt had developed a practical steam engine that emancipated machinery from sites adjacent to waterfalls and rapids. Britain had been practically deforested by this time and the incessant demand for more fuel to run the engines led to the exploitation of coal as a major industry. Industries were built on the coalfields to minimize the cost of transporting coal over long distances. The increasingly surplus rural population flocked to the new manufacturing areas. Canals and other improvements in the transportation infrastructure were made in these regions, which made them attractive to other industries that were not necessarily dependent on coal and thus prompted development in adjacent regions Industrialization outside of England began in the mid-19th century in Belgium and northeastern France and spread to Germany, The Netherlands southern Scandinavia and other areas in conjunction with the construction of railways. By the 1870s the governments of the European nations had recognized the vital importance of factory production and had taken steps to encourage local development through subsidies and tariff protection against foreign competition. Large areas, however, remained virtually untouched by modern industrial development, including most of the Iberian Peninsula southern Italy, and a broad belt of eastern Europe extending from the Balkans on the south to Finland and northern Scandinavia. During the 20th century Europe has experienced periods of considerable economic growth and prosperity, and industrial development has proliferated much more widely throughout the continent: but continued economic development in Europe has been handicapped to a large degree by its multi- national character--which has spawned economic rivalries among states and two devastating World wars--as well as by the exhaustion of many of its resources and by increased economic, competition from overseas. Governmental protectionism, which has tended to restrict the potential market for a product to a single country, has deprived many industrial concerns of the efficiencies of large-scale production serving a mass market ( such as is found in the United States). In addition, enterprise efficiency has suffered from government support and from a lack of competition within a national market area. Within individual countries there have been growing tensions between regions that have prospered and those that have not. This core-periphery problem has been particularly acute in situations where the contrasting regions are inhabited by different ethnic groups.

问答题{{I}} TOPIC: What Is the Most Urgent Issue Facing the World People in the 21st Century? State your reasons.{{/I}}

问答题A. Title: Western Development in China B. Time limit: 40 minutes C. Word limit: 180-200 words D. Your composition must be written on the ANSWER SHEET.

问答题Directions: "The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment that is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back by practical concerns." Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write an essay of no less than 200 words to explain your opinions on this issue. Write your answer on ANSWER SHEET 2.