填空题As children we start (51) a natural curiosity about everything around us, and during the maturation process this curiosity can be stimulated, buffered or severely attenuated by our environment and experience. The future success of research in science and engineering depends (52) our society recognizing the crucial role played by stimulation of mental processes early in life. Pattern recognition, analytical thinking and similar abilities need to be stimulated from birth onward. To destroy this natural curiosity or to attenuate the joy of discovery is the greatest disservice we do (53) to the developing person. For those who reach maturity with their natural curiosity intact and enhanced by education, the joy of discovery is a strong driver of success. But why are so (54) of our capable students pursuing the level of education required for a successful research career? Is it (55) we have dampened their curiosity? Have we failed to let them experience the joy of discovery? Is it because too many of us currently involved (56) the research enterprise has become disenchanted with our circumstances and therefore paint a bleak future for potential scientists and engineers? Perhaps entirely different factors are (57) play in the decision to not become scientists and engineers. We have too frequently portrayed science and engineering as professions that are all-encompassing. We have portrayed research as a profession that requires long and grueling hours in the laboratory to achieve success. We have (58) to promote the excitement and exhilaration of discovery. We have not promoted the fact that it is not only very common (59) (60) very reasonable to have a successful research career and an exciting and normal personal life.

填空题 GNP becomes an obsolete measure of progress in a society striving to meet people's needs as efficiently as possible and with the least damage to the environment. What counts is not growth in output, but the quality of services rendered. (1) {{U}}Bicycles and light rail, for instance, are less resources--intensive forms of transportation as automobiles are, and contribute less to GNR. (2) But shift to mass transit and cycling for most passenger trips would enhance urban life by eliminating traffic jams, reducing smog, and make cities safer for pedestrians. (3) GNP would go up, but overall wellbeing would increase{{/U}}--underscoring the need for new indicators of progress. Likewise, investing in water-efficient appliances and irrigation systems instead of building more dams and diversion canals would meet water needs with less harm to the environment. (4) {{U}}Since massive water projects consume resources them efficiency in vestments do,{{/U}} GNP would tend to decline. But quality of life would improve. (5) {{U}}It becomes clearly that striving to boost GNP is often inappropriate and counterproductive.{{/U}} As ecologist and philosopher Garrett Hardin puts it. (6) {{U}}"For a statesman to try to maximize the GNP is about as sensible as for a composer of music to try to maximize the number of note in a symphony."{{/U}} Abandoning growth as an overriding goal does not mean forsaking the poor. (7) {{U}}Rising incomes and material consumption are essential to improving well-being in many of the Third World. (8) But contrary to that political leaders imply, global economic growth as currently pursued is not the solution to poverty.{{/U}} Despite the fivefold rise in world economic output since 1951, 1.2 billion people more than ever--live in absolute poverty today. More growth of the sort engineered in recent decades will not save the poor, only a new set of priorities can. Formidable barriers stand in the way of shifting from growth to real progress as the central goal of economic policy. (9) {{U}}Vision that growth conjures up of an expanding pie of riches is a powerful and convenient political too!{{/U}} Because it allows the tough issues of income inequality and skewed wealth distribution to be avoid. (10) People assume that as far as there is growth, there is hope that the lives of the poor can be bettered without sacrifices from the rich.{{/U}} The reality, however, is that achieving an environmentally sustainable global economy is not possible without the rich limiting their consumption in order to leave room for the poor to increase theirs.

填空题It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives that are the main locus of social psychology.A. betweenB. rather thanC. areD. of

填空题{{B}}Passage A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}For Questions 11—15, you will hear an introduction about the life of Chester L. Migden. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you've heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only one word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording only once.{{/I}} Name Chester L. Migden Profession ______ 11 Main Contribution Helped to establish the ______ of paying actors for repeat showings of the television programs, feature films and commercials they appear in. 12 Place of Birth New York Place of Death Los Angeles Year of Birth ______ 13 Age of Death ______ 14 Graduate School Columbia Law School Work Experience Staff attorney for the National Labor Relations Board Joining the Screen Actors Guild ______ director of the Association of Talent Agents 15

填空题inadequate precious for example fund program auto-deployed explorer install cost robotic unforseeable require picture crew launch demonstrate reason flexibility space expensive Criticism of human space flight comes from many quarters. Some critics point to the high 1 of manned missions. They contend that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has a full slate of tasks to accomplish and that human space flight is draining 2 from more important missions. Other critics question the scientific value of sending people into space. Their argument is that human space flight is a(n) 3 "stunt" and that scientific goals can be more easily and satisfactorily accomplished by 4 spacecraft. But the actual experience of astronauts and cosmonauts over the past 40 years has decisively shown the merits of people as 5 of space. Human capability is required in space to install and maintain complex scientific instruments and to conduct field exploration. These tasks take advantage of human 6 experience and judgment. They demand skills that are unlikely to be automated within the foreseeable future. A program of purely robotic exploration is 7 in addressing the important scientific issues that make the planets worthy of detailed study. Many of the scientific instruments sent into space 8 careful emplacement (放置) and alignment (排列) to work properly. Astronauts have successfully deployed instruments in Earth orbit and on the surface of Earth"s moon. In the case of the 9 telescope, the repair of the originally flawed instrument and its continued maintenance has been ably accomplished by space shuttle 10 on servicing missions. From 1969 to 1972 the Apollo astronauts carefully set up and aligned a variety of experiments on the lunar surface, which provided scientists with a detailed 11 of the moon"s interior by measuring seismic (地震的) activity and heat flow. These experiments operated flawlessly for eight years until shut down in 1977 for fiscal rather than technical 12 . Elaborate robotic techniques have been envisioned to allow the remote emplacement of instruments on planets or moons. 13 , surface rovers could conceivably install a network of seismic monitors. But these techniques have yet to be 14 in actual space operations. Very sensitive instruments cannot tolerate the rough handling of robotics deployment. Thus, the 15 versions of such networks would very likely have lower sensitivity and capability than their human-deployed counterparts do.

填空题Switzerland is (best) known for its (majesty) mountain range and (thousands) flock to the Alps each year to take advantage of (their) ideal skiing conditions. A. best B. majesty C. thousands D. their

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} This part consists of two short passages, In each, there are ten mistakes, One in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash ( — ) and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash ( — ) . Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} How to Get Preserved as a Fossil (71) {{U}}Unfortunately the chances of any animal become a fossil are not very great,{{/U}} and (72) {{U}}the chances of a fossil then being discovered many thousand of years later are even less.{{/U}} (73) {{U}}It is not surprising that all the millions of animals that have lived in the past{{/U}} (74) {{U}}we actually have fossils of only very few{{/U}}. (75) {{U}}There are several ways into which, animals and plants may become fossilized{{/U}}. (76) {{U}}First, it is essential that the remains are buried, as though dead animals and plants are quickly destroyed{{/U}} (77) {{U}}if they remain exposed the air{{/U}}. Plants rot, while insects and hyenas eat the flesh and bones of animals. (78) {{U}}Finally, the few remaining bones soon disintegrate the hot sun and pouring rain{{/U}}. If buried in suitable conditions, however, animal and plant remains will be preserved. (79) {{U}}The same chemicals change sand and silt into hard rock will aim enter the animal and plant remains and make them hard too.{{/U}} (80) {{U}}When this happens, we say that they become fossilized.{{/U}}

填空题(It is said) that Einstein felt (very) (badly) about the application of his theories (to) the creation of weapons of war.A. It is said B. very C. badly D. to

填空题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} A series of experiments were carried out by B. Latane and J. Darley. They studied the reaction of bystanders to emergency situations. Since car accidents, drownings, fires, attempted suicide, and the like arouse feelings of fear and morbid interest, these situations attract large numbers of people who stand fascinated watching the event. Yet, it is a strange aspect of crowd behavior that often nothing is done to help the victim. {{U}} (71) {{/U}}Journalists writing of such events often claimed that this kind of behavior is due to apathy, indifference, or lack of concern. To account for any bystander's decision to act or not to act, the authors of the paper ask us to consider the basic characteristics of an emergency situation. Emergencies involve threat or harm certainly to the victim and possibly to those who try to help him (or her). The events are highly unusual, different from the normal course of life and also from each other.{{U}} (72) {{/U}}Since little secondhand wisdom on the subject is available, it is difficult to cope with a genuine emergency by relying on such worn-out clichés as "Women and children first" or "Send for the police." The authors tell us that it is perhaps surprising that anyone should intervene at all.{{U}} (73) {{/U}} Latane and Darley were interested, therefore, in trying to isolate the factors that make a person decide to act. It seemed to them that an individual is more likely to take action when he or she is alone than when part of a group. Latane and Darley theorized that when only one bystander is present, he or-she must judge the situation alone and decide whether to act or not. Only the bystander is responsible for the decision. The presence of other people, however, affects a person's assessment of the costs and rewards of intervention.{{U}} (74) {{/U}} The results of the experiments confirmed the theory. They showed that the immediate social environment is more important in determining a person's reaction to an emergency than are such vague cultural or personality concepts as "apathy" or "indifference." They also help to explain why the failure to intervene seems more common in large cities than in rural areas. In large cities, the members of the crowd that gathers do not take action because they do not feel individually responsible. They may be concerned, but they watch one another, uncertain of how to act, knowing that responsibility is shared. In rural areas, however, witnesses to an emergency are likely to be alone. They must take all the responsibility for their actions and are not made embarrassed or unsure by the presence of others.{{U}} (75) {{/U}} A. Thus, people have little experience with handling them. B. They are, therefore, more likely to come to the aid of the victim. C. The police asked some of the bystanders about the accident. D. The investigators had noted this phenomenon and asked themselves why in most cases bystanders do not act. E. This is because when there is a group, responsibility is diffused over all the members. F. But people do sometimes intervene.

填空题In Microsoft's latest attempt to reach out to bloggers, the company recently gave away expensive laptops loaded (46) its new Windows Vista operating system. But the gifts gen erated controversy as well as good (47) , with some bloggers accusing Microsoft of brib ery and their peers (48) unethical behavior. Several bloggers reported last week that they had received Acer Ferrari laptops, which can sell (49) more than $2,200, from Microsoft. A spokeswoman for Microsoft confirmed Friday that the (50) had sent out about 90 computers to bloggers (51) wrote about technology and other subjects that could be (52) by the new operating system, like photography and, oddIy, parenting. But while those on Microsoft's mailing list initially greeted the machines with enthusi asm, many (53) bloggers soon objected—not because they had been left off the list but, they said, because bloggers are bound by the (54) rules as traditional journalists, who should not accept (55) gifts from companies they cover.

填空题 How awful it would be to be a celebrity, always in the public eyes, Celebrities lead very. stressful lives, no matter{{U}} (51) {{/U}}glamorous or powerful they are, they have too little privacy, too{{U}} (52) {{/U}}pressure, and no safety. {{U}} (53) {{/U}}. one thing, celebrities don't have the privacy an ordinary person has. The most personal details of their lives are splashed all over the front pages of newspapers and magazines.{{U}}(54) {{/U}}a celebrity's family is hauled into the spotlight. Photographers hound celebrities at their homes, in restaurants, and{{U}} (55) {{/U}}the streets, hoping to get a picture of their idols. When celebrities try to do the things that normal people do, like eat{{U}} (56) {{/U}}or attend a football game, they{{U}} (57) {{/U}}the risk of being interrupted by thoughtless autograph hounds or mobbed by aggressive fans. {{U}} (58) {{/U}}addition to the loss of privacy, celebrities must cope{{U}} (59) {{/U}}the constant pressure of having to look great and act right. Their physical appearance is always{{U}} (60) {{/U}}observation, Famous women, especially,{{U}} (61) {{/U}}from the spotlight, drawing remarks like "She really looks old" or "Boy, has she put on weight". Unflattering pictures of celebrities are photographers' prizes to be sold to the highest bidder; this increases the pressure on celebrities to look good{{U}} (62) {{/U}}all times. Famous people are also under pressure to act calm under any{{U}} (63) {{/U}}. Because they are constantly observed, they have{{U}} (64) {{/U}}freedom to blow off steam or to do something just a little crazy. Most important, celebrities must deal with the stress of being in constant danger. The friendly grabs, hugs, and kisses of enthusiastic fans can quickly turn into uncontrolled assaults on a celebrity's hair, clothes, and car. Most people agree that photographers{{U}} (65) {{/U}}some responsibility for the death of one of the leading celebrities of the 1990s—Princess Diana.{{U}} (66) {{/U}}or not their pursuit caused the crash that took her life, it % clear she was chased as aggressively as any escaped convict{{U}} (67) {{/U}}bloodhounds. And celebrity can even lead to deliberately lethal attacks. The attempt to kill Ronald Reagan and the murder of John Lennon came about because 2 unbalanced people became obsessed with these world-famous figures. Famous people must live with the fact that they are always fair game—and never{{U}} (68) {{/U}}out of season, Some people{{U}} (69) {{/U}}of starring roles, their names in lights, and their picture on the cover of People magazine. But the cost is far too high. A famous person gives up private life, feels pressured to look and act certain ways all the time, and is never completely safe. And ordinary, calm life is far safer and saner{{U}} (70) {{/U}}a life of fame.

填空题He (could) easily (have won) a scholarship if he (would have devoted) more time to his school work. A. could B. have won C. would have devoted D. his school work

填空题Never before {{U}}I have{{/U}} seen anyone {{U}}who has{{/U}} the skill {{U}}John has{{/U}} when he {{U}}repairs{{/U}} cars. A. I have B. who has C. John has D. repairs

填空题{{B}}Passage A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}You will hear a monologue. Listen to it and fill out the table with the information you've heard for questions 11—15. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each blank. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.{{/I}} The author is mainly talking about ______. 11 Paper cutting and model making require great ______ and attention to detail. 12 Hobby will make your spare time interesting and ______. 13 Many people prefer ______ hobbies—sailing, cycling, and so on. 14 According to the author, the hobby will give you much ______. 15