填空题 In the next century we'll be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. When Dr. Frankenstein made his monster, he wrestled with the moral issue of whether he should allow it to reproduce, "Had I the right, for my oval benefit, to inflict the curse upon everlasting generations?" Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies? Probably not. Instead, we'll reach again for a time-tested moral concept, one sometimes called the Golden Rule and which Kant, the millennium's most prudent moralist, conjured up into a categorical imperative: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you; treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end. Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning, because it inevitably entails using humans as means to other humans' ends and valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts, not as individuals in their own right. We should also draw a line, however fuzzy, that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ, physical appearance, gender and sexuality). The biotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy. Aldous Huxley in Brave New World, got it wrong: rather than centralizing power in the hands of the state, DNA technology has empowered individuals and families. But the state will have an important role, making sure that no one, including insurance companies, can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us. Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that could come at the end of the next century and the tech nology is comparable to mapping our genes: plotting the 10 billion or more neurons of our brain. With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brain. Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a "dry-ware" machine, so that we could live on without the "wet-ware" of a biological brain and body. The 20th century's revolution in infotechnology will thereby merge with the 21st century's revolution in biotechnology. But this is science fiction. Let's turn the page now and get back to real science.

填空题He (could) easily (have won) a scholarship if he (would have devoted) more time to (his school work). A. could B. have won C. would have devoted D. his school work

填空题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} On a summer evening I was caught in the crossfire of dueling wood thrushes, each defending his portion of the forest. Their chosen weapons were their voices; melodies were their ammunition. Each sought to wound the other's pride, but their sweet fluting pierced only the evening silence.{{U}} (71) {{/U}} I doubt that the duelists saw one another, because the wood thrush is content to pour out his nocturne from the middle of a low limb draped by leaves. He needs no approving audience and can project his voice without resorting to a singing perch in the treetop. The brown-backed, speckle-breasted, eight-inch wood thrush only looks drab. All of his beauty is concentrated in his voice. Let the scarlet tanager take the prize as the forest's flashiest dresser. Among his winged brethren, the song of the wood thrush has no equal. He sings more enchantingly than any bird I know.{{U}} (72) {{/U}}On the trail, I often find myself stopping to admire the wood thrush's gift. After wintering mainly in Mexico and Central America, wood thrushes return north to breed. The male's echoing melody challenges his rivals, wakes the raccoon and serenades the woodland sojourner. In California they don't hear wood thrushes, which in summer occur only in the eastern forest. It's enough to prevent me from moving West. {{U}} (73) {{/U}}While traveling in Europe, John James Audubon got homesick for "the sweet melodious strains of that lovely recluse, my greatest favorite, the Wood Thrush." Henry David Thoreau said, "He touches a depth in me which no other bird's song does," and he called the wood thrush "a Shakespeare among birds." Ancient magic lives on in the woods.{{U}} (74) {{/U}}The Pilgrims must have heard it, too, and perhaps the wood thrush comforted them in their wild new world. The wood thrush's song consists of several phrases, variations on his basic ee-o-lay theme, in quality like a flute but richer, not airy. Each phrase usually concludes with a high-pitched chord. Throaty utterings audible at close range may introduce the next phrase. The song's ending is sometimes marked by a downsliding note that slows and trails off. After a pause, the song is repeated. Occasionally, the wood thrush launches into a series of sustained intonations, a haunting counterpoint to his primary song. {{U}} (75) {{/U}}Some are almost mechanical, others merely sweet--the inspired wood thrush sings with a certain soulfulness. He plays his fine vocal instrument with great sweetness, yet there is an undercurrent of sadness. He speaks to me of struggle and survival, of loss and rebirth, and ultimately of hope. He awakens me to the indefinable yearnings that humans and wood thrashes share. A. A special gene make certain wood thrushes exceptional. B. Lyrical, liquid and loud, his voice has beauty and depth to match nature's. C. There is wide variation in the singing ability of wood thrushes. D. I was moved, but both wood thrushes stood their ground. E. You can go there and hear what Audubon and Thoreau heard, the same song Native Americans heard in the virgin forest. F. His singular talent won this common bird the unabashed affection of two of America's foremost naturalists, an artist and a writer.

填空题The president devoted his (energies) to (update) the curricula, (making) the education offered at Washington College as meaningful and usual (as possible). A. energies B. update C. making D. as possible

填空题（中国矿业大学2006年试题） Generally, a computer is any device that can perform numerical calculations. Currently,【1】, the term usually refers【2】an electronic device that can【3】a series of tasks according to a set of instructions. In 1953 there were only about 100 computers【4】use in the world. Today hundreds of millions of computers are【5】in homes, schools, businesses, government offices, and universities for almost every conceivable【6】. Modern desktop【7】computers, or PCs, are many times more powerful than the huge, million dollar【8】of computers of the 1960s and 1970s. Most PCs can perform from 400 million to several billion operations per second. These computers are used not【9】for household management and personal entertainment, but also for most or the automated【10】required by small business. The fastest desktop computers are called workstations, and they are generally used for scientific, engineering, or advanced business application.

填空题Just as children the world over like Christmas rooming, adults so like Christmas evening when peace and calm return to the household.A.Just asB.likeC. adults soD.peace and calm

填空题 Every geologist is familiar with the erosion cycle. No sooner has an area of land been raised alive sea-level than it becomes subject to the erosive forces of nature. The rain beats down on the ground and washed{{U}} (51) {{/U}}the finer particles, sweeping them into rivulets and then into rivers and out to sea. The frost freezes the rain water in cracks of the rocks and breaks{{U}} (52) {{/U}}even the hardest of the constituents of the earth's crust. Blocks of rock dislodged at high levels are brought down by the force of gravity. Alternate heating and{{U}} (53) {{/U}}of bare rock surfaces causes their disintegration. In the dry regions of the world the wind is a powerful force in removing material from one area to another. All this is natural. But nature has also provided certain defensive forces. Bare rock surfaces are in{{U}} (54) {{/U}}course protected by soil itself dependent initially on the weathering of the rocks. Slowly{{U}} (55) {{/U}}surely, different types of soil with differing "profiles" evolve the main types depending primarily on the climate. The protective soil covering, once it is formed, is held together by the growth of vegetation. Grass and herbaceous plants,{{U}} (56) {{/U}}long, branching tenuous roots, hold firmly together the surface particles. The{{U}} (57) {{/U}}is true with the forest cover. The heaviest tropical down- pours beating on the leave of the giant trees reach the ground only{{U}} (58) {{/U}}spray, gently watering the surface layers and penetrating along the long passages provided by the roots to the lower levels of the soil. The soil, thus protected by grass, herb, or trees, furnishes a quiet habitat for a myriad varied organisms-earth-worms that importantly modify the soil, bacteria, active in their work of converting{{U}} (59) {{/U}}leaves and decaying vegetation into humus and food for the growing plants. Chemical action is constantly taking{{U}} (60) {{/U}}. Soil acids attack mineral particles and salts in solution move from one layer in the soil to another.

填空题{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} How does it happen that children learn their mother tongueso well? When we compare with adults learning a foreign 11.______language, we often find this interesting fact. A little childwithout knowledge or experience often succeeds to a complete 12.______master of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed 13.______mental powers, in most cases, may end up in a faulty and inex- 14.______act command. What accounts of this difference? 15.______ Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinionlies partly with the child himself, partly in the behavior of the 16.______people surround him. In the first place, the time of learning the 17.______mother tongue is the most favorably of all, namely, the first 18.______years of life. A child hears it speak from morning till night and, 19.______what is more important, always in its genuine form, with theright pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and rightstructure. He drinks all the words and expressions which come to 20.______him in a fresh, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance:there is perfect assimilation.

填空题Geologists (at) the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (rely on) (a number of) instruments to (studying) the volcanoes in Hawaii. A. at B. rely on C. a number of D. studying

填空题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} The instinctive foundation of the intellectual life is curiosity, which is found among animals in its elementary form. Intelligence demands an alert curiosity, but it must be of a certain kind. The sort that leads village neighbors to try to peer through curtains after dark has not very high value. The widespread interest in gossip is inspired, not by love of knowledge, but by malice; no one gossips about other people's secret virtues, but only about their secret vices. Accordingly, most gossip is untrue, but care is taken not to verify it.{{U}} (66) {{/U}}You may see this impulse, in a moderately pure form, at work in a cat that has been brought to a strange room and proceeds to smell every corner and every piece of furniture. You will see it also in children, who are passionately interested when a drawer or cupboard, usually closed, is open for their inspection. Animals, machines, thunderstorms, and all forms of manual work arouse the curiosity of children, whose thirst for knowledge puts the most intelligent adult to shame.{{U}} (67) {{/U}}This is the stage at which people announce that "things are not what they were in my young days." The thing that is not the same as it was in that far-off time is the speaker's curiosity.{{U}} (68) {{/U}} If curiosity is to be fruitful, it must be associated with a certain technique for the acquisition of knowledge; there must be habits of observation, belief in the possibility of knowledge, patience, and industry.{{U}} (69) {{/U}}But since our intellectual life is only a part of our activity, and since curiosity is perpetually coming into conflict with other passions, there is need of certain intellectual virtues, such as open-mindedness. We become unreceptive to new truth both from habit and from desire; we find it hard to disbelieve what we have emphatically believed for a number of years and also what ministers to self-esteem or any other fundamental passion.{{U}} (70) {{/U}} A. And with the death of curiosity, we may reckon that active intelligence, also, has died. B. This impulse grows weaker with advancing years until at last what is unfamiliar inspires only disgust, with no desire for a closer acquaintance. C. Broadly speaking, the higher the order of generality, the greater is the intelligence involved. D. Curiosity properly so-called, on the other hand, is inspired by a genuine love of knowledge. E. Open-mindedness should, therefore, be one of the qualities that education aims at producing. F. These things will develop of themselves, given the original fund of curiosity and the proper intellectual education.

填空题If you want to develop a good citizen, is there anything as valuable as a mother's love and care? (replace) ______.

填空题I have never seen Mrs. Clark before, but I know from her medical chart and the report I received from the preceding shift that tonight she will die. The only light in her room is coming from a piece of medical equipment, which is flashing its red light as if is warning. As I stand there, the smell hits my nose, and I close my eyes as I remember the smell of decay from past experience. In my mouth I have a sour, vinegar taste coming from the pit of my stomach. I reach for the light switch, and as it silently lights the scene, I return to the bed to observe the patient with an unemotional, medical eye. Mrs. Clark is dying. She lies motionless: the head seems unusually large on a skeleton body; the skin is dark yellow and hangs loosely around exaggerated bones that not even a blanket can hide; the right arm lies straight out at the side, taped cruelly to a board to secure a needle so that fluid may drip in; the left arm is across the sunken chest, which rises and falls with the uneven breath. I reached for the long, thin fingers that are lying on the chest. They are ice cold, and I quickly move to the wrist and feel for the faint pulse. Mrs. Clark's eyes open somewhat as her head turns towards me slightly. I bend close to her and scarcely heat as she whispers, "Water." Taking a glass of water from the table, I put my finger over the end of the straw and allow a few drops of the cool moisture to slide into her mouth and ease her thirst. She makes no attempt to swallow; there is just not enough strength. "More," the dry voice says, and we repeat the procedure. This time she does manage to swallow some liquid and weakly says, "Thank you." She is too weak for conversation. So without asking, I go about providing for her needs. Picking her up in my arms like a child, I turn her on her side. Naked, except for a light hospital gown, she is so very small and light that she seems like a victim of some terrible famine. I remove the lid from a jar of skin cream and put some on the palm of my hands. Carefully, to avoid injuring her, I rub cream into the yellow skin, which rolls freely over the bones, feeling perfectly the outline of each bone in the back. Placing a pillow between her legs, I notice that these too are ice cold, and not until I run my hands up over her knees do I feel any of the life-giving warmth of blood. When I am finished, I pull a chair up beside the bed to face her and, taking her free hand between mine, again notice the long, thin fingers, graceful. I wonder briefly if she has any family, and then I see that there are neither flowers, nor pictures of rainbows and butterflies drawn by children, nor cards. There is no hint in the room anywhere that this is a person who is loved. As though she is a mind reader, Mrs. Clark answers my thoughts and quietly tells me, "I sent.., my family.., home... tonight.., didn't want.., them.., to see..." Having spent her last ounce of strength she cannot go on, but I have understood what she has done. Not knowing what to say, I say nothing. Again she seems to sense my thoughts, "You... stay..." Time seems to stand still. In the total silence, I feel my own pulse quicken and hear my breathing as it begins to match hers, breath for uneven breath. Our eyes meet and somehow, together, we become aware that this is a special moment between two human beings... Her long fingers curl easily around my hands and I nod my head slowly, smiling. Without words, through yellowed eyes, I receive my thank you and her eyes slowly close. Some unknown interval of time passes before her eyes open again, only this time there is no response in them, just a blank stare. Without warning, her shallow breathing stops, and within a few moments, the faint pulse is also gone. One single tear flows from her left eye, across the cheek and down onto the pillow. I begin to cry quietly. There is a swell of emotion within me for this stranger who so quickly came into rant went from my life. Her suffering is done, yet so is the life. Slowly, still holding her hand, I become aware that I do not mind this emotional battle that in fact, it was a privilege she has allowed me, and I would do it again, gladly. Mrs. Clark spared her family an episode that perhaps they were not equipped to handle and instead shared it with me. She had not wanted to have her family see her die, yet she did not want to die alone. No one should die alone, and I am glad I was there for her. Two days later, I read about Mrs. Clark in the newspaper. She was the mother of seven, grandmother of eighteen, an active member of her church, a leader of volunteer associations in her community, a concert piano player, and a piano teacher for over thirty years. Yes, they were long and graceful fingers. Directions: The passage below summarizes the main points of the passage. Read the summary and then select the best word or phrase from the box blow, according to the passage. You should decide on the best choice. A drip K liquid B secured L famine C decay M jar D preceding N slide E straw O thirst F faint P fluid G pit Q moisture H chart R loosely I palm S hit J lid T indication The medical (1) from the (2) shift was the first (3) I got that Mrs. Clark would die. There was also a smell of (4) in the room that (5) me in the (6) of my stomach. The patient's skin hung (7) so a needle was (8) to let the (9) (10) in. She had a (11) pulse and was thirsty, so I gave her a (12) of a few drops of (13) to (14) into her mouth to ease her (15) Having managed to swallow some (16) , she said " Thank you." She was so small and light that she looked like a victim of some terrible (17) . I removed the (18) of a (19) of cream and put some on the (20) of my hand. Then I rubbed the cream into her yellow skin to make her feel better.

填空题In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and under- lined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). (66){{U}}A state university president was arrested today and charged with impersonate a police officer{{/U}} became, the authorities say, he pulled over a speeding driver here last month. (67){{U}} Using flashing headlights, Richard L. Judd,64,the president of Central Connecticut State University made the driver. Peter Baba,24,of Plainville, pull on Jan. 23{{/U}}, the state police said. (68){{U}} He then flashed a gold badge and barked at him for speed{{/U}}, they said. (69){{U}}Mr. Judd is New Britain's police commissioner from 1981 to 1989 and from 1993 to 1995.{{/U}} (70) {{U}}But Detective Harold Gannon of the New Britain police said today that the job involved more policy as police work{{/U}}, and did not include the authority to charge or chide criminals. (71){{U}} The gold badge was mere a university award.{{/U}} (72){{U}}The governor said he would not ask for a resignation because Mr. Judd had made a "misjudgment" and had written a letter of apologizing.{{/U}} (73)Later,{{U}}Mr. Judd's lawyer, Paul J. McOuillan, issued a long apology from his superior,{{/U}} whom he described as "the best thing to happen to New Britain. "(74) {{U}}"My experience and instinct as an E. M. T. and former police commissioner prompted me to involve myself with this matter,{{/U}} "Mr. Judd said in the statement. (75){{U}} "In hindsight, I see it was mine to manage."{{/U}}