Most scholars agree that Isaac Newton

One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is of course the voice of the advertisers. Its strident clamour dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the roadside billboards all day and flashes messages to us in coloured lights all night. It has forced on us a whole new conception of the successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mail consists of announcements of giant carpet sales. Advertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure? Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover. Other manufacturers find advertising saves them changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for one reason or another, some alteration seems called for—how much better to change the image, the packet or pile pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself. The advertising man has to combine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions: Church, Bar and Medicine. The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in missionaries but present, indeed mandatory, in all, is the skill of getting people to believe in and contribute money to something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar, an essential ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with emotional appeals masquerading as logical exposition; a case you do not necessarily have to believe in yourself, just one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for medicine, any doctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. His apparently scientific approach enables his patients to believe that he knows exactly what is wrong with them and exactly what they need to put the right, just as advertising does—"Run down? You need..." "No one will dance with you? A dab of... will make you popular." Advertising man use statistics rather like a drunk uses a lamp-post for support rater than illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to appear like an em>unimpeachable/em> authority or, failing that, they will even be happy with the announcement, "As used by 90% of the actors who play doctors on television." Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest ruses uncovered almost as much as anyone else. According to the passage, modern advertising is "authoritative" because of the way it ______.

Cohesion has been found to ______ positively with group productivity and member satisfaction.

What is the topic of the passage?

He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk coherently.

Falling sales and rising overheads have obliged the company to review each customer's______limit.

In the wake of 11 September, Visionics

The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things ______ to teach you the art of learning.

In that country

em>Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below

A convenient way is to set the food on a piece of aluminum oil, ______ to the air for half an hour, and then cover it with a dish.

Grain production in the world is ______

It is unfortunate that now violence and cartoons ______ the most distinctive characteristic of children's programs.

The teacher wrote a brief comment in the______to show the student why it was wrong.

Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.

According to the passage

Greatly agitated

Hidden hotel costs can be a source of frustration to the frugal traveler.

em>Directions: In this section, you will hear a conversation. When the conversation begins

这次演讲的题目应是留学生在美国的生活，他却东拉西扯，说到南极探险上去了，真是离题万里。