单选题This policy gave ______ to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor. A. life B. birth C. way D. death

单选题The field of sociology in the United States developed as a result of a social experience which had very little to do with the political and ideological controversies that stimulated sociology in France and Germany. Rather, the discipline evolved as a result of the experiences associated with the problems of an immigrant society caught in the turmoil of rapid industrialization and urban growth. Indeed, it must be emphasized that from its beginning, sociology has had a very practical interest, which was characterized less by political divisiveness than by social reform and social work. This practical emphasis in the discipline has continued to persist to the present. It has only been since World War II, however, that there has existed something in American higher education that could be properly termed a "sociological establishment" or a highly respected academic field of study. Its major strength as an academic discipline resulted from its empirical and sophisticated approach to the identification and solution of practical but highly significant social problems. Today, what does the academic sociologist do? Professional sociologists are individuals who study and teach about societies, social institutions, and the patterns of human interaction and human behavior. As a scientific discipline, sociology may be divided into three broad, analytical fields, the study of groups; institutions analysis; and the study of the social structure in general. Thus, the content of the rapidly expanding discipline of sociology is based upon culture and society, with emphasis placed upon the study of the various types of interaction and relationships which exist among individuals and human groups. In the study of such areas as social organization and disorganization, sociologists attempted to explain the evolution and change of social institutions and the changing nature of human attitudinal and value systems. Among the selected topics of investigation included within the study of sociology are the changing nature of family life, institutional life, sexual attitudes, crime and violence, religious values, and the entire gamut of interpersonal relationships in politics and government. Indeed, many of the areas which professional sociologists study are, by their very nature, relatively familiar to many of us even though they are not clearly understood. The basic hypotheses of the discipline—that social life (both group and individual behavior) is patterned; that value and attitudes are learned, reinforced, and shared; that we as individuals are, in many respects, what others consider us to be—are ideas which most people now instinctively accept in order to live and function as members of society. These topics, which emphasize individual and group behavior processes, then, comprise areas of concern for sociology as one of the behavior science disciplines. During these last decades of the twentieth century advanced Western society will continue to be confronted with crucial social issues in the context of both individual and group behavior patterns resulting from continued rapid technological expansion. The solution to the problem plaguing our complex society will become, to a much greater extent, the primary responsibility of sociology, social psychology, and cultural anthropology, the three major academic disciplines comprising the behavioral sciences. This trend is being witnessed currently by the increasing numbers of behavioral scientists that are being employed by government, by business and industry, by hospitals and other agencies devoted to problems of health care, by welfare agencies, by public educational systems, and by many other types of organizations in which some systematic knowledge of human behavior is required.

单选题One of the greatest mysteries in the study of Cetacea [aquatic mammals] has always been that the creatures found in the stomachs of toothed whales show no teeth marks. Now a University of California at Santa Cruz professor thinks he may have solved the enigma with what he calls the "big bang" theory of cetacean predation. Ken Norris, natural history professor, believes that rather than use their teeth to attack their victims, toothed whales stun their prey with intense bursts of sound. He points out that all 68 species of odontocetes (a sub-order that includes dolphins) use sound to locate their victims, and suggests this ability may have evolved to the point where it could be used as a weapon. Millions of years ago, the ancestors of whales had a narrow tapered jaw, streamlined for speed and bristling with long rows of sharp teeth. Today odontocetes are not adapted to surprising their prey or trapping it quickly. Most are more bulky than their forebearers; their teeth are short and unevenly spaced when they exist at all. Norris suggests that because of their sonar ability, whales' teeth have become vestigial, like the human appendix. It is difficult to test the big bang theory because in captivity, cetaceans tend to moderate their sonar so as not to deafen other creatures in their small, highly reflective tanks. Dolphins are known to politely turn off their echolocation systems when passing one another. And in the wild it's hard to tell whether a sound came from a nearby animal or form another very far away. But Norris points to the male narwhal as tacit proof of his theory. This whale has no teeth, and the single spiral tusk that extends about eight feet in front of him would seem to be more of an impediment than an aid in catching shrimp, his preferred feed. "You look at these animals and you wonder what's going on./

单选题I am writing to______ you most sincerely on your appointment as Headmaster of the Grammar School.

单选题Unlike their seniors who remember a world without TV, they are as ______ in sounds and imager as in the printed word, and as often as not, prefer to do business that way.

单选题The combination of lenses in a compound microscope makes possible greater amplification than can be achieved with a single lens.(清华大学2005年试题)

单选题Mary and John took a long time in saying good night in order to postpone the ______ of parting.

单选题Attending to a wife and six children ______ most of his times. A. gives up B. eats up C. takes up D. breaks up

单选题Which of the following is a disadvantage of the strategy employed in the experimental scholarly methods course?

单选题Immigrants of all races in this area are demanding that they receive______treatment from the authorities.

单选题The contract between the companies will ______ at the end of the year. A. expire B. exceed C. terminate D. cease

单选题The groups that don't want us to eat any animals at all are so radical and off-the-wall that we don't even worry about them.

单选题In the______of recent incidents, we ask our customers to take particular care of their belongings.(复旦大学2011年试题)

单选题An upsurge of new research suggests animals have a much higher level of brainpower than previous thought. Before defining animals' intelligence, scientists defined what is not intelligence. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill programmed into an animal's brain by its genetic heritage. Rote conditioning or cuing, in which animals learn to do or not to do certain things by following outside signals is also not intelligence, since tricks can be learned by repetition, but no real thinking is involved. Scientists believe insight, the ability to use tools, and communications using human language are effective measures. When judging animal intelligence, scientists look for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed crates scattered about the lawn, piled them and then climbed on them to reach her reward. The gorilla's insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error. The ability to use tools is also an important sign of intelligence. Crows use sticks to pry peanuts out of cracks. The crow exhibits intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do. Likewise, otters use rocks to crack open crab and, in a series of complex moves, chimpanzees have been known to use sticks to get at favorite snack-termites. Many animals have learned to communicate using human language. Some primates have learned hundreds of words in sign language. One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than 250 abstract symbols on a keyboard and one parrot can distinguish five objects of two different types and can understand the difference between numbers, colors, and kinds of object. The research on animal intelligence raises important questions. If animals are smarter than once thought, would that change the way humans interact with them? Would humans stop hunting them for sport or survival? Would animals still be used for food or clothing or medical experimentation? Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult puzzle even for a large-brained, problem-solving species like our own.

单选题The "formal learning" refers to all learning which takes place in the classroom, regardless of whether such learning is ______ by conservative or progressive ideologies.

单选题Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter's academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom", for example, to be natural and no more regreuable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing", has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, per- formative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the quietist of his subtitle, Why We Should, Like, Care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey comp]ex ideas, lie is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk properly. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English "on paper plates instead of china". A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.

单选题It is apparent that winning the scholarship is______of one's intelligence in the field of physics. A. parallelism B. alliteration C. testimony D. rhythm

单选题National Geographic (61) fill a number of roles, says Karen Kasmauski. "We are journalists; researcher, thinkers," she says, "photography is our (62) ." As one of the Society's six contributing photographers-in-residence, Karen seeks to focus (63) attention on global changes and how they (64) human health. One promising (65) is the anti-measles (66) in Kenya led by the American Red Cross, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and UN (67) . "These photographers-in-residence have chosen subjects they've been (68) for years, subjects they're (67) about," says program manager Charlene Valeri. Frans Lanting investigates (70) and the danger of (71) loss to animals in the wild. David Coubilet works to promote the survival of coral reef (72) in the South Pacific. Sam Abell (73) North American rivers from a cultural, historical, and ecological (74) . Underwater photographer Emory Kristof will use (75) -operated vehicles to take inventory of deep ocean (76) in water off Indonesia. Annie Griffiths Belt is promoting (77) of wilderness areas in North America, both in and outside of classrooms. By speaking to (78) and displaying their work widely, the photographers hope to (79) public support for the Society's (80) .

单选题According to the passage, ethnology is ______.