单选题Painter Frida Kahlo (1910-1954) often used harrowing images derived from her Mexican heritage to express suffering caused by a disabling accident and a stormy marriage. Suggesting much personal and emotional content, her works—many of them self-portraits—have been exhaustively psychoanalyzed, while their political content has been less studied. Yet Kahlo was an ardent political activist who in her art sought not only to explore her own roots, but also to champion Mexico"s struggle for an independent political and cultural identity. Kahlo was influenced by Marxism, which appealed to many intellectuals in the 1920s and 1930s, and by Mexican nationalism. Interest in Mexico"s culture and history had revived in the nineteenth century, and by the early 1900s, Mexican indigenista tendencies ranged from a violently anti-Spanish idealization of Aztec Mexico to an emphasis on contemporary Mexican Indians as the key to authentic Mexican culture. Mexican nationalism, reacting against contemporary United States political intervention in labor disputes as well as against past domination by Spain, identified the Aztecs as the last independent rulers of an indigenous political unit. Kahlo"s form of Mexicanidad, a romantic nationalism that focused upon traditional art uniting all indigenistas, revered the Aztecs as a powerful pre-Columbian society that had united a large area of the Middle Americas and that was thought to have been based on communal labor, the Marxist ideal. In her paintings, Kahlo repeatedly employed Aztec symbols, such as skeletons or bleeding hearts that were traditionally related to the emanation of life from death and light from darkness. These images of destruction coupled with creation speak not only to Kahlo"s personal battle for life, but also to the Mexican struggle to emerge as a nation—by implication, to emerge with the political and cultural strength admired in the Aztec civilization. Self-portrait on the Border between Mexico and the United States 1932. , for example, shows Kahlo wearing a bone necklace, holding a Mexican flag, and standing between a highly industrialized United States and an agricultural, preindustrial Mexico. On the United States side are mechanistic and modem images such as smokestacks, light bulbs, and robots. In contrast, the organic and ancient symbols on the Mexican side—a blood-drenched Sun, lush vegetation, an Aztec sculpture, a pre-Columbian temple, and a skull alluding to those that lined the walls of Aztec temples—emphasize the interrelation of life, death, the earth, and the cosmos. Kahlo portrayed Aztec images in the folkloric style of traditional Mexican paintings, thereby heightening the clash between modem materialism and indigenous tradition; similarly, she favored planned economic development, but not at the expense of cultural identity. Her use of familiar symbols in a readily accessible style also served her goal of being popularly understood; in turn, Kahlo is viewed by some Mexicans as a mythic figure representative of nationalism itself.

单选题He ______the job because it involved too much traveling. A.took up B.applied for C.turned down D.switched to

单选题During the normal development of self, a child is affected by certain influential factors. 1 infants form an attachment with the mother that must undergo a process of separation and individuation. Object relations psychology examines this relationship, which depends on the ability of the child to separate himself from his object, the mother, and realize that he is a separate individual. 2 Certainly, affectionate, caring parents are essential as well. As the child begins to develop his sense of self, he must master certain developmental tasks that are part of growing up, such as acquisition of language and toilet training. 3 4 Since an infant"s relationship with his mother is so important, according to many psychologists, what effect does being separated from the biological mother have on the adopted child? 5 But what about a child who is older when he is adopted? 6 When he is placed with an adoptive family, he is likely to experience separation anxiety from his foster mother, who can be regarded as symbolically abandoning him as his own biological mother did. 7 Now it seems as though he has to start over; his protesting may give way to despair as he yearns for people who used to be in his life. The adoptive family should offer as much affection and security as possible to reassure the child that he is safe, that they are reliable sources of loving care, and that they will help him through this difficult stage. 8 Although he may not mind the actual separation from his mother when he goes to playschool or day care, he may become obsessed about the time when his mother is supposed to pick him up at day care or kindergarten; tardiness may provoke fears about car accidents or death. On the other hand, some psychologists believe that a child who is given more affection is sometimes more strongly attached to their parents and therefore more prone to separation anxiety than are some of those who are treated more roughly. 9 On the contrary, the capacity to experience separation anxiety can be regarded as a sign of the healthy personality. 10 [A] A safe, loving environment is another necessary component for the development of a healthy self-concept. [B] For infants adopted at birth, the effect may be minimal, for the infant has often had no opportunity to bond with the biological mother. [C] Since such "dependence" in the well-loved child is outgrown and later provides the basis for a stable independence, it would be a mistake to suppose it to be pathological. [D] One of the most important involves his relationship with his mother. [E] What, then, effect does adoption have on the development of a healthy sense of sel~ [F] His transition to living in an adoptive home may be difficult as he adjusts to new surroundings and caregivers because, by the age of 18 months, he has already begun to develop a sense of self in relation to others. [G] Despite these actions, sometimes a child may continue to suffer from separation anxiety. [H] Anything that interrupts the development of these important skills may interfere with developing a healthy self-concept. [I] Consider a toddler adopted at the age of 18 months who has lived in the same foster home since birth. [J] An adopted child, then, has at least an average chance of successful individuation, assuming he is adopted by loving parents.

单选题The young man was so bashful that he did not speak to the pretty girl.

单选题Horseback riding ______ both the skill of handling a horse and the mastery of diverse riding styles.

单选题Older persons typically exhibit greater experience-based knowledge, A increased accuracy , better judgment, and generally improved ability to handle familiar tasks B than younger persons . Such applied knowledge, C or wisdom , may in fact be considerably more important to one's ability to accomplish most tasks of day-to-day life D than were the abstract abilities tapped by intelligence tests.

单选题 I am just fed up with his excuses for not getting his work done.

单选题The houses in this area were all erected in______ of housing regulations.(2002年中国人民大学考博试题)

单选题Identity theft can range for the simple theft of a credit card, or it can go into more complex schemes where the thieves can ______ hundreds of people at a time. A. embody B. impersonate C. personify D. assume

单选题The boy's talent might have lain ______ had it not been for his uncle's encouragement.

单选题But the mere justice that is implied in exchange is certainly only formal and relative. any one person should have neither more nor less than any other. Over and above that, exchange brings about an increase in the absolute number of values experienced. Since everybody offers for exchange only what is relatively useless to him, and accepts in exchange what is relatively necessary, exchange effects a continuously growing utilization of the values wrested from nature at any given time. If the world were really "given away" and as activity consisted only in the mere moving back and forth of an objectively unalterable quantity of values, then exchange would nevertheless produce, as it were, an intercellular growth of values. The objectively stable sum of values changes through a more useful distribution, effected by exchange, into a subjectively larger amount and higher measure of uses experienced. This is the great cultural task of every new distribution of rights and duties, which always implies an exchange. Even in the case of an apparently quite one-sided transfer of advantages, a truly social procedure will not disregard them. Thus, for example, it was essential during the liberation of peasants in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries not only to ensure that the landowners forfeited what the peasants were supposed to gain, but also to find a mode of distributing property and rights which enlarged the total amount of utilities. There are two qualities of money that, in this respect, suggest that the exchange of goods or services is best served by money, its divisibility and its unlimited convertibility. The former ensures that an objective equivalence between service and its return can take place. Natural objects can seldom be so determined and scaled in value that their exchange has to be accepted as completely just by both parties. Only money—because it is nothing but the representation of the value of other objects, and because there is almost no limit to its divisibility and accretion—provides the technical possibility for the exact equivalence of exchange values. However, this represents only the first stage in the progressive development away from the one-sidedness of exchange of ownership. The second quality of money derives from the fact that exchange in kind seldom gives both parties the desired object to an equal extent or is able to release them from equally superfluous ones. As a role, the more lively desire will be on the side of one party to the transaction while the other party will enter into the exchange only by being forced to do so or where they receive a disproportionately high compensation for doing so. In the case of the exchange of services or benefits against money, however, one party receives the object that they especially need while the other receives something that anyone in general desires. Because of the boundless usefulness and therefore its permanent desirability, every exchange becomes, at least in principle, equally advantageous to both parties. The one who takes the object will certainly do so only if he needs it at this point in time, the person who takes money will accept it because he can use it at any time. Exchange against money makes possible an increase in satisfaction for both parties, whereas with exchange in kind it is frequently the case that only one party will have a specific interest in the acquisition or disposal of the object. Thus exchange against money is so far the most perfect form of solution of the great cultural problem that evolves from the one-sided advantage of exchange of possessions, namely, to raise the objectively given amount of value to a greater amount of subjectively experienced values merely through the change in its owners. This, alongside the original creation of values, is clearly the task of social expediency as part of the general human task. to set free a maximum of the latent value that lies in the form that we give to the contents of life. Wherever we see money serving this purpose, the technical role of money also reveals that exchange is the essential social mode of solving this problem and that exchange itself is embodied in money.

单选题A scientific law is liable at anytime to need______, that is an eternal truth. (2004年西南财经大学考博试题)

单选题The best way of learning to speak a foreign language, he suggests, is by ______.

单选题Many of the students have a grasp of the main structures, a reasonable vocabulary and a(n) ______ idea of how to pronounce most words they come across.

单选题One of the appealing features of game theory is the way it reflects so many aspects of real life. To win a game, or survive in the jungle, or succeed in business, you need to know how to play your cards. You have to know when to hold them and know when to fold. And usually you have to think fast. Winners excel at making smart snap judgments. In the jungle, you don't have time to calculate, using game theory or otherwise, the relative merits of fighting or fleeing, hiding or seeking. Animals know this. They constantly face many competing choices from a long list of possible behaviors, as neuroscientists Gregory Berns and Read Montague have observed. "Do I chase this new prey or do I continue nibbling on my last kill? Do I run from the possible predator that I see in the bushes or the one that I hear? Do I chase that potential mate or do I wait around for something better?" Presumably, animals don't deliberate such decisions consciously, at least not for very long. And even if animals could think complexly and had time to do so, there's no obvious way for them to compare all their needs for food, safety, and sex. Yet somehow animal brains add up all the factors and compute a course of action that enhances the odds of survival. And humans differ little from other animals in that regard. Brains have evolved a way to compare and choose among behaviors, apparently using some "common currency" for valuing one choice over others. In other words, not only do people have money on the brain, they have the neural equivalent of money operating within the brain. Just as money replaced the barter system—providing a common currency for comparing various goods and services—nerve cell circuitry evolved to translate diverse behavioral choices into the common currency of brain chemistry. When you think about it, it makes a lot of sense. But neuroscientists began to figure it all out only when they joined forces with economists inspired by game theory. Game theory, after all, was the key to quantifying the faint notion of economic utility.

单选题The engineers have used special methods to ______ the bridge against danger from high winds. A. suppress B. lubricate C. heave D. ensure

单选题 Robert Spring, a century forger, was so good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans. Spring was born in England in 1813 and _51_ in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore. At first he prospered by selling his small but_52_collection of early U.S. autographs. Discovering his ability at copying handwriting, he began _53_ signatures of George Washington and Ben Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books. To lesson the chance of detection, he sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale and _54_. Forgers have a hard time selling their produces. A forger can’t approach a _55_ buyer must deal with people who don’t have much knowledge in the field. Forgers have many ways to make their work look real. For example, they buy old books to use the _56_ paper of the title page, and they can treat paper and ink with chemicals. In Spring’s time, _57_ after the Civil War, Britain was still fond of the Southern state, so Spring _58_ a respectable maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of General “Stonewall” Jackson. For several years Miss Fanny’s __59__ problems forced her to see a great number of letters and manuscripts belonging to her famous father. Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand. All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty, leaving sharp-eyed experts the difficult task of separating his forgeries from the __60__ .

单选题One's thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one's past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think for oneself that one's emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one's mind more keen. A. to things about which B. a gradually increasing weight C. think for oneself D. one's mind more keen

单选题The ______ noise whistles kept me awake all night. A. incarnate B. incessant C. repetitious D. rampant