单选题It is often difficult to ______ between a mere exaggeration and a deliberately. (2006年中国矿业大学考博试题)

单选题 The antigen-antibody immunological reaction used to be regarded as typical of immunological responses. Antibodies are proteins synthesized by specialized cells called plasma cells, which are funned by lymphocytes (cells from the lymph system} when an antigen, a substance foreign to the organism's body, comes in contact with lymphocytes. Two important manifestations of antigen- antibody immunity are lysis, the rapid physical rupture of antigenic cells and the liberation of their contents into the surrounding medium, and phagocytosis, a process in which antigenic particles are engulfed by and very often digested by macrophages and polymorphs. The process of lysis is executed by a complex and unstable blood constituent known as complement, which will not work unless it is activated by a specific antibody; the process of pbagocytosis is greatly facilitated when the particles to be engulfed are coated by a specific antibody directed against them. The reluctance to abandon this hypothesis, however well it explains specific processes, impeded new research, and for many years antigens and antibodies dominated the thoughts of immunologists so completely that those immunologists overlooked certain difficulties. Perhaps the primary difficulty with the antigen-antibody explanation is the informational problem of how an antigen is recognized and how a structure exactly complementary to it is then synthesized. When molecular biologists discovered, moreover, that such information cannot flow from protein to protein, hut only from nucleic acid to protein, the theory that an antigen itself provided the mold that directed the synthesis of an antibody had to be seriously qualified. The attempts at qualification and the information provided by research in molecular biology led scientists to realize that a second immunological reaction is mediated through the lymphocytes that are hostile to and bring about the destruction of the antigen. This type of immunological response is called cell- mediated immunity. Recent research in cell-mediated immunity has been concerned not only with the development of new and better vaccines, but also with the problem of transplanting tissues and organs from one organism to another, for although circulating antibodies play a part in the rejection of transplanted tissues, the primary role is played by cell-mediated reactions. During cell-mediated responses, receptor sites on specific lymphoeytes and surface antigens on the foreign tissue cells form a complex that binds the lymphocytes to the tissue. Such lymphocytes do not give rise to antibody- producing plasma cells but themselves bring about the death of the foreign-tissue cells, probably by secreting a variety of substances, some of which are toxic to the tissue cells and some of which stimulate increased phagocyte activity by white blood cells of the macrophage type. Cell-mediated immunity also accounts for the destruction of intracellular parasites.

单选题The United States Food and Drag Administration has shown itself to be particularly {{U}}wary{{/U}} with regard to alleged "miracle" drugs in recent times.

单选题The crowd Uswelled/U in the evening until the noise made by the crowd could be heard for miles.

单选题It is imperative that, he ______ full charge of the joint project.

单选题Eighteen-year-old Khairul Anuar Salim, who was attacked by hoodlums, succumbed to his wounds because, according to his uncle, a private hospital in Cheras insisted on "Money first then treatment". (71)______ They have no intention to treat those who cannot afford to pay. They feel that the government should bear the responsibility for health care of ordinary folks who cannot afford or are unwilling to pay. That is also why they do not release the decease's body until they secure payment from the next of kin--never mind that the latter are under stress and grieving. (72) ______ Doctors have taken their Hippocratic Oath to uphold the special value of human life above personal profit, to use their medical knowledge to ameliorate suffering and pain and in emergencies, do the best for anyone in medical need regardless of their financial means. (73)______ Many join the private hospitals to make money. By itself, there is nothing wrong in making money except that it is difficult to balance the irreconcilable conflict which must invariably exist, between the imperatives of profit and those of compassion and care of the Hippocratic Oath. (74)______Hence patients may be required to pay RM10 for toilet rolls, not to mention thousands of dollars for surgery or stay in a deluxe room for convalescence. Fast registration, four-star private rooms for recuperation, televisions and toilet rolls are fine but they must be recognized for essentially what they are--mere frills. The main substance of medical attention is proper medical evaluation, correct diagnosis of the problem, advice and treatment including surgery if necessary. (75)______ A. Administrative staff merely carry out the private hospitals' policies on charges and billings including "No money no treatment". B. Doctors in private hospitals may have to pay high rentals for their clinics and they may even be required to meet some kind of budget to contribute to the common weal of sharing expenses. C. This is the reason for seeking admission in a hospital in the first instance. D. In this, they are acting like the banks except that instead of using properties or shares as collateral (担保) for payment, they use the dead person's body. E. That is because the bottom line of private hospitals is profit. F. It is sad that more often than not the Hippocratic Oath has become the hypocritical oath in the case of doctors in the private hospitals.

单选题

单选题The population in last area was growing rapidly. Needless to say, the housing problem there cried out for immediate solution.

单选题He was tried for theft but got off because there wasn't sufficient______against him.

单选题It is reported that the ______of some of the joint ventures can't meet their expenditure.

单选题The first man who cooked his food, instead of eating it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived. We do know, however, that (41) thousands of years food was always eaten cold and (42) . Perhaps the cooked food was heated accidentally by a (43) fire or by the melted lava from an erupting (44) . When people first tasted food that had been cooked, they found it tasted better. However, (45) after this discovery, cooked food must have remained a rarity (46) man learned how to make and light (47) . Primitive men who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun (48) their food. For example, in the desert (49) of the southwestern United States, the Indians cooked their food by (50) it on a flat (51) in the hot sun. They cooked piece of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this (52) . We surmise that the earliest kitchen (53) was a stick (54) which a piece of meat could be attached and held over a fire. Later this stick was (55) by an iron rod or spit which could be turned frequently to cook the meat (56) all sides. Cooking food in water was (57) before man teamed to make water containers that could not be (58) by fire. The (59) cooking pots were reed or grass baskets in which soups and stews could be cooked. As early as 166 B. C., the Egyptians had learned to make (60) . permanent cooking pots out of sand stone. Many years later, the Eskimos learned to make similar pans.

单选题At present, China has signed many ______ trade agreements with other countries. [A] comprehensive [B] reciprocal [C] favourable [D] advantageous

单选题{{B}}Section B{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Below is a summary of some of the main points of the passage. Read the summary and then select the best word or phrase from the box blow, according to the passage. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Increasing numbers of people have migrated from the countryside and moved into towns and cities over the{{U}} (77) {{/U}}. Most are in the Third World, where they are{{U}} (78) {{/U}} accommodate because facilities are at their most inadequate and meager resources are most stretched. In spite of{{U}} (79) {{/U}}living conditions, the vast numbers of people moving into cities constitute the biggest{{U}} (80) {{/U}}ever. While governments can take action to improve the conditions of squatters, the real solution is to{{U}} (81) {{/U}}the process of urbanization. But to do this governments need to change the ways in which they{{U}} (82) {{/U}} their development funds on the urban areas. If their priorities {{U}}(83) {{/U}}, rural productivity could be increased and this would help develop the national economy. In the end, however, the rural population also lacks the{{U}} (84) {{/U}}that their urban countrymen can exert on governments.A. dreadfulB. hardest toC. elatedD. slow downE. boostF. last two centuriesG. mass migrationH. authorityI. previous centuryJ. marketK. were reversedL. were abandonedM. concentrateN. power

单选题All the students of this university have free______to the Internet via a broadband A. access B. entrance C. permission D. passageway

单选题There are an estimated eight million people currently thought to be eligible to ______ income tax. A. reclaim B. recover C. restore D. return

单选题Those old buildings were ______ to make room for a new shopping center.

单选题He will probably be awarded a Nobel prize on account of his______achievements in physics.

单选题The most ______ example of water pollution occurred in 1969, when the Cuyahoga River in Ohio caught fire and helped shock America into adopting the Clean Water Act. A. concrete B. precise C. positive D. notorious