单选题A dog's most ______sense is that of smell.

单选题After the big project was accomplished, the employer ______ the number of men working for him. A. cut off B. cut short C. cut out D. cut back

单选题The expression "They may treat" refers to ______.

单选题Except on official ______ Such as formal receptions, American society has a certain amount of informality.

单选题The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time of the ancient Greeks to the beginning of the 20th century, it was generally accepted by both physician and patient that the mind can affect the course of illness, and it seemed natural to apply this concept in medical treatments of disease. After the discovery of antibiotics, a new assumption arose that treatment of infectious or inflammatory disease requires only the elimination of the foreign organism or agent that triggers the illness. In the rush to discover antibiotics and drugs that cure specific infections and diseases, the fact that the body's own responses can influence susceptibility to disease and its course was largely ignored by medical researchers. It is ironic that research into infectious and inflammatory disease first led 20th-century medicine to reject the idea that the mind influences physical illness, and now research in the same field — including the work of our laboratories and of our collaborators at the National Institutes of Health — is proving the contrary. New molecular and pharmacological tools have made it possible for us to identify the intricate network that exists between the immune system and the brain, a network that allows the two systems to signal each other continuously and rapidly. Chemicals produced by immune cells signal the brain, and the brain in turn sends chemical signals to restrain the immune system. These same chemical signals also affect behavior and the response to stress. Disruption of this communication network in any way, whether inherited or through drugs, toxic substances or surgery, exacerbates the diseases that these systems guard against: infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and associated mood disorders. The clinical significance of these findings is likely to prove profound. They hold the promise of extending the range of therapeutic treatments available for various disorders, as drugs previously known to work primarily for nervous system problems are shown to be effective against immune maladies, and vice versa. They also help to substantiate the popularly held impression(still discounted in some medical circles)that our state of mind can influence how well we resist or recover from infectious or inflammatory diseases. The brain's stress response system is activated in threatening situations. The immune system responds automatically to pathogens and foreign molecules. These two response systems are the body's principal means for maintaining an internal steady state called homeostasis. A substantial proportion of human cellular machinery is dedicated to maintaining it. When homeostasis is disturbed or threatened, a repertoire of molecular, cellular and behavioral responses comes into play. These responses attempt to counteract the disturbing forces in order to reestablish a steady state. They can be specific to the foreign invader or a particular stress, or they can be generalized and nonspecific when the threat to homeostasis exceeds a certain threshold. The adaptive response may themselves turn into stressors capable of producing disease. We are just beginning to understand the interdependence of the brain and the immune system, how they help to regulate and counterregulate each other and how they themselves can malfunction and produce disease.

单选题Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. To make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own will pay his debt. The demand of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his due. Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be administered, the cause of his antisocial behavior must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated front the rest of the society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. If severe punishments is the only adequate means for accompanying this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.

单选题His request for a day off ______ by the manager of the company.

单选题The amendments A of the laws on patent, trademark and copyright B have enhanced protection of C intellectual property rights and D made them conform to WTO rules.

单选题Under capitalism drug and alcohol are used by many as an escape ______.

单选题{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}} Jim Ayers had investigated all manner of felonies in his fourteen-year career with the Oregon State Police. Like most officers who had hired on as troopers, he was tall and well-muscled. He had thick, wavy hair, and a rumbling deep voice. He had worked the road for eight years, investigating accidents. He had seen much tragedy, but he had also learned what was "normal" tragedy—if there could be such a thing—and what was "abnormal" tragedy. Ayers had become an expert in both arson investigation and psychosexual crimes, and he had investigated innumerable homicides. Jerry Finch had a few years on him, both in age and experience. Together the two men drove to the scene at 79th and the Sunset, not knowing what to expect. The best detectives are not tough. If they were, they would not have the special intuitive sense that enables them to see what laymen cannot. But Jim Ayers, like his peers, usually managed to hide his own pain over what one human being can do to another behind a veneer of black humor and professional distance. After arriving at the scene, Finch and Ayers gazed down at the slender woman who lay on the freeway shoulder, her face and head disfigured by some tremendous force. They walked around the Toyota van and saw the scratch—like dents in its right front end and where a mm signal lens was broken out. Randy Blighton was still on the scene and he told Finch and Ayers how he had found the van butting against the median barrier of the freeway. That would have broken the signal light. They found the signal lens itself lying on the freeway in the fast lane. They also saw the beige purse that had been forcing the accelerator down before Bhghton kicked it away. It would have been enough to keep her engine running while the car was in gear. With flashlights Finch and Ayers looked into the van, playing light over the child's carseat, the blood splatter on the interior roof, the splash of blood on the interior hump over the transmission, and the pools of blood on the floor behind the front seats. A white plastic produce bag fluttered on the passenger-side floor. It too bore bloodstains. Jim Ayers had come to a bleak conclusion. The purpose of sending the van onto the highway was to cause it to be hit by other vehicles. Had that happened, had vehicles approaching at fifty-five to sixty-five miles an hour rounded the curve, they would have ineluctably smashed into the driver's side of the van, and even though a fire might not have resulted, the evidence of the woman's body and from the vehicle itself would have been obliterated. Further, in all likelihood, a chain reaction of accidents would have ensued, vehicle after vehicle piling up on this foggy night. Clearly, all whoever had perpetrated this crime cared about was that the crime he covered by a grinding collision of jagged steel, flying glass shards, and a proliferation of bodies.

单选题The badly wounded have ______ for medical attention over those slightly hurt.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the{{U}} (41) {{/U}}of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel{{U}} (42) {{/U}}to go to bed and pleased when the journey{{U}} (43) {{/U}}. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed{{U}} (44) {{/U}}earlier than usual. When I{{U}} (45) {{/U}}my cabin, I was surprised{{U}} (46) {{/U}}that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected{{U}} (47) {{/U}}but there was a suitcase{{U}} (48) {{/U}}mine in the opposite comer. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in, He was the sort of man you might meet{{U}} (49) {{/U}}, except that he was wearing{{U}} (50) {{/U}}good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not{{U}} (51) {{/U}}whoever he was and did not say{{U}} (52) {{/U}}. As I had expected, he 'did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately. I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered{{U}} (53) {{/U}}, as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a{{U}} (54) {{/U}}was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten{{U}} (55) {{/U}}the door, so I got up{{U}} (56) {{/U}}the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite, I crossed the room and{{U}} (57) {{/U}}the moon shone through it on to the other bed{{U}} (58) {{/U}}. there. It took me a minute or two to{{U}} (59) {{/U}}the door myself. I realized that my companion{{U}} (60) {{/U}}through the window into the sea.

单选题We had to learn to work with others and many of our own ideas had to be ______ for the good of the whole. A. thrown away B. compensated C. brushed aside D. neglected

单选题"Dimpy," as her friends call her, heard about the hazards of smoking in health class. "They showed pictures of lungs of people who smoked. It was gross," says the petite 14-year-old. Yet, as she shops along the Third Street Promenade in Santa Monica, Calif. , the ninth grader points out all the places where she regularly buys cigarettes without hassle. "All my friends smoke," She shrugs, explaining the habit she developed in the sixth grade. "Once they pressure you, you start. And it's kind of hard to stop. " As the cigarette industry draws increasing fire, teen smokers like Dimpy are becoming the focus of concerned policy makers around the country. Supported by a University of Michigan study showing a dramatic rise in adolescent tobacco use, the White House is considering ways to curb the surge. Among the options: eliminating cigarette vending machines, restricting tobacco advertising, increasing the federal excise tax on cigarettes and launching a national media campaign directed at adolescents. A grand jury in New York has begun an investigation to determine whether Philip Moms Cos. concealed information linking nicotine levels and addictiveness. And the Justice Department is looking into whether tobacco company executives committed perjury in their April 1994 congressional testimony on how smoking affects health. Lack of credibility. But it's tough to get an antismoking message through to teens. The California Department of Health Service spends $12 million a year placing antismoking commercials on television, including popular MTV programs, but many teenagers aren't buying the message. Says Erica leona, who will enter eighth grade in the fail, "I don't think those ads work, because It's like a cartoon, it's too exaggerated. " In fact, teens seem skeptical about the potential effectiveness of any organized efforts to reduce smoking, like increasing taxes. While research shows that every time taxes go up, sales go down, including among teens, young people say the cost is relatively low in comparison with.other vices. "You want weed, it'll cost you," says Robert Caldwell, 14. "For cigarettes, you just go anywhere, put 12 quarters into one of those machines, take it and go. " Other teens maintain that eliminating vending machines won't make cigarettes any harder to buy. "You give a guy enough to buy you a pack and a beer, and he'll buy the pack," says Cameron Davis, 13. And advertising isn't really what entices adolescents to smoke. For the most part, they say, teens smoke because of peer pressure. "It's like sex. " says 13-year-old Frances, who started smoking at age 9. "You feel like, if you don't do it with your boyfriend, he won't like you. " In addition, messages that relate to health don't compute with adolescents, who often feel invincible. It doesn't help, says Roxanne Cannon, editorial director of Teen and Sassy magazines, that so many teen idols such as Ethan Hawke, Jason Priestley and Luke Perry are seen smoking. Teens say any message is more effective if it's communicated by Other kids. But eyen a White House appeal made by Chelsea Clinton might not get through to adolescents eager to smoke. "I don't listen to my morn when she tells me to stop," says Dimpy. "Why would I listen to anyone else./

单选题Research can have no economic impact if the new scientific discoveries are not______into marketable good and service.

单选题Surroundedwithnumerousstars,themoonseemsallthemore_____.

单选题To prevent a repetition of this dreadful occurrence, we must discover the element in the food that was served.

单选题He will remain in hospital for the ______ of the school year.

单选题Most patients think that being told the truth of their illness may ______.