单选题Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving goodbye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that " Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm 's length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives — usually the richer — who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters. For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all America is the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor needed funds and goods. But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.

单选题A black hole is an astronomical body A whose gravity is so strong that nothing can escape from it. It was Newton B who first stated that light C is composed of particles. The French mathematician De Laplace next reasoned that if enough mass D was added to a star like the sun, the gravitational force of the star would eventually prevent light particles from leaving it; it would therefore "blink out" and become an invisible black star.

单选题 The concept of biodiversity encompasses several different levels of biological organization, from the very specific to the most general. It has been clear for some time that at all of these levels of organization the rich biodiversity that has always characterized the natural world is today declining. The extinctions or threatened extinctions of many species are but the most visible and well- known manifestation of a deeper and more far-reaching trend. Changes in how the land is used are probably the principal contributor to the current decline in biodiversity. The pressures on terrestrial resources and land depend very much on population growth and the demands of early stages of economic development. Moreover, land acquisition, especially. for agriculture and forestry, focuses initially on those areas with the most fertile soils and equable climates, which are often the areas of greatest biological diversity. Deforestation in the humid tropics is probably the best-known current example of rapid land-use change. During the decade of the 1970s, vast areas of tropical forest in South America, Africa, and South-east Asia were cleared and converted to agriculture and other uses. In the middle-to-late 1980s, the rates of deforestation in South America slowed dramatically, largely due to economic and tax policy changes in Brazil, but the pace of cutting in Africa and Southeast Asia, though poorly quantified, remains high. Globally, the rate of loss of tropical forests for the 1980s has been estimated at about I percent per year, but there is still considerable uncertainty. The rates of extinction of local species that accompany these rapid changes in land cover may soon be far in excess of what is found today, reaching as high as 10, 000 times the natural background rate. Analyses of potential impacts on biodiversity that are based on simple measures of deforested area can provide little more than very general conclusions. Heavy applications of fertilizers and pesticides have the potential of creating additional environmental problems as well as affecting the abundance and viability of the other plants and animals and micro-organisms in the same or adjoining areas. In addition, because of the understandable tendency to put the best land into production first, the expansion of agriculture into less fertile areas typically requires heavier applications of chemicals, more extensive site preparation, and other forms of more intensive management. The typical result is increased chemical runoff to the landscape, and with ensuing degradation, additional pressure for expansion, and the like. It is such a cycle that has led to widespread desertification in some parts of the world, primarily through overgrazing that can be compounded by naturally occurring droughts.

单选题War, chiefly the Civil War, in U. S. history has been a vital force in the rise of industrial capitalism, in the change of America from a dominantly agrarian and ______ country to one chiefly manufacturing in nature. A. cosmopolitan B. predatory C. pastoral D. proletarian

单选题It can be learned from the passage that the writer, in her first marriage, ______.

单选题"Me, afraid of him?" he said with a(n) ______ smile, "Not me!"

单选题That Pacific island attracts shoals of tourists with its rich______of folk arts. (北京大学2005年试题)

单选题The team should play very hard because the championship of the state was______. A. at cost B. at fault C. at stake D. at large

单选题Walking is excellent for working ______ tension. A. out B. away C. down D. off

单选题They ______ those who didn't conform to their ideas, and made advantage of those who agreed with them.

单选题It is astonishing to know that children and youth______the biggest segment of the country's homeless population.

单选题______this coming Thursday, it will be too late to enrol for the course.

单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} Much of many managers' time is taken up with meetings. There are meetings with colleagues to agree a course of action. There are meetings with superiors to report and to discuss future policies. There are meetings with subordinates. Many would say that there are far too many meetings; some would be even less polite. There can, however, be no doubt that meetings are part of every manager's life. He should therefore know how to cope with them. He should know the techniques of communication in meetings. He should know how to use these techniques to his own advantage. It is sometimes suggested that when a manager can't think what to do, he holds a meeting. But meetings in themselves are not an end product, no matter what some may think. They are merely one of many means of management communication. It may well be that a problem can be solved by a one-to-one discussion, face-to-face, or even by telephone. If the need can be met without a meeting, so be it. Let us therefore define a meeting, in the management sense, as the gathering together of a group of people for a controlled discussion, with a specific purpose. Each of those attending the meeting has a need to be there and both discussion and its result would not be so well achieved in any other way. It is often advisable to calculate the cost of a meeting. A simple meeting of a few people on middle-executive salaries can soon run into three-figure costs for wages alone. Do not, therefore, have unnecessary people sitting in at meetings and do ensure that all meetings are both efficient and effective.

单选题"The word 'protection' is no longer taboo". This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy late last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic, cause. These leaders, of course, weren't acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economics were the most competitive, so they'd profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economics would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned—though few acknowledge it. The west continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asia, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade. That's why Sarkozy's word was so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debate. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in free trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers will be in the West. Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Joseph Schumpeter, who said that "creative destruction" was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles. Things have yet to reverse completely. But there's clearly a negative trend in Western theory and practice. A little hypocrisy is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Look at what's happening at the IMF(International Monetary Fund). The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else's when they dominate these global institutions. The time has therefore come for the Asians—who are clearly the new winners in today's global economy—to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade. Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there's a real danger that Adam Smith's principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us worse off, in one way or another.

单选题

单选题As a law graduate, he ought to know that eyewitness______ is notoriously unreliable, especially so when the witness is not an expert. A. insight B. remark C. argument D. testimony

单选题Bill doesn't ______what people say about him. He'll go on just the same.

单选题The economic development of that small country is to a considerable extent limited by the ______ of raw materials and low consumption level.