单选题Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the world's largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvania's Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife. The streams, lakes, meadows, mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats are endangered by highway construction Toprotect the Poconos'natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature Conservancy named the area one of America's "Last Great Places". Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancy's Bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemese, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14, 000 acres of environmentally important land in the area. Altemose's family has farmed in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Franchl worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program As a result, his family's land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson. Cook attributes the Conservancy's success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents. "The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community," Cook said, "The people who live there respect the land. They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation effort. " For more information on how you can help The Nature Conservancy protect the Poconos and the world's other "Last Great Places," please call 1-888-5646864. Or visit us on the World Wid Web at www. tnc. org.

单选题A scorching sun, an endless sea of sand and a waterless, forbiddingly lonely land—that is the image most people have of deserts. But how true is this picture? Deserts are drylands where rainfall is low. This is not to say rain never falls in deserts: it may fall once or twice a year in a fierce torrent that fades almost as soon as it has begun, or which evaporates in the hot air long before it has got anywhere near the earth. It may fall in a sudden sweeping flood that carries everything in its path. Rains may only come once in five or six years or not fall for a decade or more. The Mojave desert in the United States remained dry for twenty-five years. Without water no living thing can survive, and one feature of the true desert landscape is the absence of vegetation. With little rain and hardly any vegetation the land suffers under the sun. There are virtually no clouds or trees to protect the earth's surface and it can be burning hot. Under the sun, soils break up and crack. Wind and torrential rain sweep away and erode the surface further. Eight million square kilometers of the world's land surface is desert. Throughout history deserts have been expanding and retreating again. Cave paintings show that parts of the Sahara Desert were green and fertile about 10,000 years ago, and even animals like elephants and giraffes roamed the land. Fossil and dunes found in fertile and damp parts of the world show that these areas were once deserts. But now the creation of new desert areas is happening on a colossal scale. Twenty million square kilometers, an area twice the size of Canada, is at a high to very high risk of becoming desert. With a further 1.25 million square kilometers under moderate risk, an area covering 30% of the earth's land surface is desert, becoming desert, or in danger of becoming desert. The rate of growth of deserts is alarming. The world's drylands which are under threat include some of the most important stock-rearing and wheat-growing areas and are the homes of 600--700 million people. These regions are becoming deserts at the rate of more than 58, 000 square kilometers a year or 44 hectares a minute. In North Africa at least 100,000 hectares of cropland am lost each year. At this rate there is a high risk that we will be confined to living on only 50% of this planet's land surface within one more century unless we am able to do something about it.

单选题The man who never tries anything new is a(n)______on the wheels of progress.

单选题He had wanted a 25 % raise in pay, hut after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5% raise would have to ______.

单选题Remember to ask for a ______ of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance. A. warranty B. promise C. certificate D. receipt

单选题Throughout his political career he has always been in the ____.

单选题She actually preferred a more {{U}}gregarious{{/U}} urban life style and the cultural attractions in a warmer clime.

单选题The remedies proposed for dealing with the situation ore only ______ promises for action for the future.

单选题The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ______ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.

单选题Our theory and practice in the area of sentencing have undergone a gradual but dramatic metamorphosis through the years. Primitive man believed that a crime created an imbalance, which could be rectified only by punishing the wrongdoer. Thus, sentencing was initially vengeance-oriented. Gradually, emphasis began to be placed on the deterrent value of a sentence upon future wrongdoing. Though deterrence is still an important consideration, increased emphasis on the possibility of reforming the offender--of returning him to the community a useful citizen bars the harsh penalties once imposed and brings into play a new set of sentencing criteria. Today, each offender is viewed as a unique individual, and the sentencing judge seeks to know why he has committed the crime and what are the chances of a repetition of the offense. The judge's prime objective is not to punish but to treat. This emphasis on treatment of the individual has created a host of new problems. In seeking to arrive at the best treatment for individual prisoners, judges must weigh an imposing array of factors. I believe that the primary aim of every sentence is the prevention of future crime. Little can be done to correct past damage, and a sentence will achieve its objective to the extent that it upholds general respect for the law, discourages those tempted to commit similar crimes, and leads to the rehabilitation of the offender, so that he will not run afoul of the law again. Where the offender is so hardened that rehabilitation is plainly impossible, the sentence may be designed to segregate the offender from society so that he will be unable to do any future harm. The balancing of these interacting, and often mutually antagonistic, factors requires more than a good heart and a sense of fair play on the judge's part, although these are certainly prerequisites. It requires the judge to know as much as he can about the prisoner before him. He should know the probable effects of sentences upon those who might commit similar crimes and how the prisoner is likely to react to imprisonment or probation. Because evaluation of these various factors may differ from judge to judge, the same offense will be treated differently by different judges. The task of improving our sentencing techniques is so important to the nation's moral health that it deserves far more careful attention than it now receives from the bar and many civic-minded individuals who usually lead even the judges in the fight for legal reform approach this subject with apathy or with erroneous preconceptions. For example, I have observed the sentiment shared by many that, after a judge has sentenced several hundred defendants, the whole process becomes one of callous routine. I have heard this feeling expressed even by attorneys who should know better.

单选题 BQuestions 27—30 are based on a dialogue about intermarriage. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 27—30./B

单选题The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.(2002年春季上海交通大学考博试题)

单选题Organised volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses. Usually it is left to 1 to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduate"s resume, 2 now the University of Bristol has launched an award to formalize the achievements of students who 3 time to activities outside their courses. Bristol PLuS aims to boost students in an increasingly 4 job market by helping them acquire work and life skills alongside 5 qualifications. "Our students are a pretty active bunch, but we found that they didn"t 6 appreciate the value of what they did 7 the lecture hall, "says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employability at the university. "Employers are much more 8 than they used to be. They used to look for 9 and saw it as part of their job to extract the value of an applicant"s skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are 10 to the job." Students who sign 11 for the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of work experience or 12 work, attend four workshops on employ-ability skills, take part in an intensive skills" related activity 13 , crucially, write a summary of the skills they have gained. 14 efforts will gain an Outstanding Achievement Award. Those who 15 best on the sports field can take the Sporting PLuS Award which fosters employer-friendly sports accomplishments. The experience does not have to be 16 organised. "We"re not just interested in easily identifiable skills," says Goodman. " 17 , one student took the lead in dealing with a difficult landlord and so 18 negotiation skills. We try to make the experience relevant to individual lives." Goodman hopes the 19 will enable active students to fill in any gaps in their experience and encourage their less-active 20 to take up activities outside their academic area of work.

单选题 The biosphere is the name biologists give to the sort of skin on the surface of this planet that is inhabitable by living organisms. Most land creatures occupy only the interface between the atmosphere and the land; birds extend their range for a few hundred feet into the atmosphere; burrowing invertebrates (无脊椎动物) such as earthworms may reach a few yards into the soil but rarely penetrate farther unless, it has been recently disturbed by men. Fish cover a wider range, from just beneath the surface of the sea to those depths of greater than a mile inhabited by specialized creatures. Fungi (真菌) and bacteria are plentiful in the atmosphere to a height of about half a mile, blown there by winds from the lower air. Balloon exploration of the stratosphere (同温层) as long ago as 1936 indicated that moulds and bacteria could be found at heights of several miles, recently the USA's National Aeronautics and Space Administration has detected them, in decreasing numbers, at heights up to eighteen miles. They arc pretty sparse at such levels, about one for every two thousand cubic feet, compared with 50 to 100 per cubic foot at two to six miles (the usual altitude of jet aircraft),and they are almost certainly in an inactive state. Marine bacteria have been detected at the bottom of the deep Pacific trench, sometimes as deep as seven miles; they are certainly not inactive. Living microbes have also been obtained on land from cores of rock drilled (while prospecting for oil) at depths of as much as 1,200 feet. Thus we can say, disregarding the exploits of astronauts, that the biosphere has a maximum thickness of about twenty-five miles, Active living processes occur only within a compass of about seven miles, in the sea, on land and in the lower atmosphere, but the majority of living creatures live within a zone of a hundred feet or so. If this planet were sealed down to the size of an orange, the biosphere, at its extreme width, would occupy the thickness of the orange-colored skin, excluding the pith. In this tiny zone of our planet takes place the multitude of chemical and biological activities that we call life. The way in which living creatures interact with each other, depend on each other or compete with each other, has fascinated thinkers since the beginning of recorded history. Living things exist in a fine balance which is often taken for granted, from a practical point of view, things could not be otherwise. Yet it is a source of continual amazement to scientists because of its intricacy and delicacy. The balance of nature is obvious most often when it is disturbed. Yet even here it can seem remarkable how quickly it readjusts itself to a new balance after a disturbance. The science of ecology—the study of the interaction of organisms with their environment—has grown up to deal with the minutiae of the balance of nature.

单选题A A large collection of contemporary photographs, B including some taken by Mary C are on display D at the museum.

单选题The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been ______.

单选题The former Soviet state of Georgia today exhibits a diversified economy.