单选题A man has to make______for his old age by putting aside enough to live on when old.(2005年电子科技大学考博试题)

单选题One of the differences between cross-sectional research and longitudinal research is that __________.

单选题One reason people believe physician-assisted suicide should be available for those who request it, is that people fear the loss of their autonomy. One source stated that more patients fear loss of control than they do actually suffer from a terminal illness. The Oregon Health Department said that "The fact that 79% of persons who chose physician-assisted suicide did not wait until they were bedridden to take their lethal medication provides further evidence that controlling the manner and time of death were important issues to these patients." Another reason for people to be in favor of physician-assisted suicide is some fear becoming a burden to their family or friends, and this makes people more susceptible to choosing assisted suicide, rather than letting a family member take care of them. Terminally ill patients feel guilty about having to have another person take care of them, instead of being able to take care of themselves and do things for themselves. "75% of those who asked for assistance in suicide fear burdening spouses and families." In the cases of Dr. Kevorkian, most of the female patients were more worried about becoming a burden to friends and family, while the males were more likely to commit suicide due to the suffering. Another issue is for the family to keep the patient alive, even if they are in a state of vegetation, because they fear living with the guilt of killing a member of their own family. The family members felt that if they did help in the assistance of the suicide, that they were abandoning the patient rather than helping with their final wishes, even in the cases of the patient only wanting the family to put them out of their misery. Most people that believe physician-assisted suicide should become a legal option for anyone who requests it, use the idea that everyone has the freedom of choice. In the book, Lawful Exit : The Limits of Freedom, Derek Humphry quotes Archibald MacLeish by saying, "Freedom is the right to choose the right to create for yourself the alternatives of choice. Without the possibility of choice and the exercise of choice, a man is not a man but a member, an instrument, a thing. " Another source states that, "Since there is no absolute legal, medical, or moral answer to the question of what constitutes a good or correct death in the face of a terminal illness, the power to make the decision about how someone dies can rest with only one individual—the person living in that particular body". There are many arguments in favor of assisted suicide, and the reality argument simply states that, people are already being helped into death, so why not just continue with it. Some people have even come as far as believing that since the democratic view is free of religion, suicide should be viewed as a pro, because those who see it as a negative issue, are seen as imposing their moral beliefs on everyone else. The patient"s Right to Self-determination gives the patient the power to decide not only when they die, but also how, because it is in fact their body, their pain, and their life, so what"s the point in keeping someone alive if they don"t see any reason themselves. In a newspaper article one source states, "Proponents of assisted suicide always insist that the practice will be carefully limited. It will be available, they claim, only for those who request it and only for those who are dying, anyway". People do have a constitutional right to commit suicide, if they are impaired with a terminal illness that cannot be cured and they are unlikely to improve, as mentioned earlier in the paper. Another big issue that comes up in the discussion of assisted suicide, is people wanting to die with dignity. Dr. Christian Barnard states, "With an open-door approach to technical progress, with the emergence of candor in discussions of death-related subjects, with landmark changes in ethical and legal constraints to medical practice, I feel that society is ready to take a giant step toward a better understanding of the dignity of death and the attainment of that dignity, if necessary, through euthanasia and suicide." Some people have even gone as far as believing that euthanasia is the only merciful thing to do when patients are suffering and cannot be helped. People also believe that since sending criminals to prison is viewed as a positive idea, it should be acceptable to help those with terminal illnesses end their lives when they have done nothing wrong, but only want to help themselves.

单选题According to the passage, during the Civil War the South no longer provided the North with ______.

单选题Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of science, and its cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it rise. The goal of basic research is understanding, for its own sake. Understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve ceil, the explosion of a spiral nebula or the distribution of cosmic dust, the causes of earthquakes and droughts, or of man as a behaving creature and of the social forces that are created whenever two or more human beings come into contact with one another--the scope is staggering, but the commitment to truth is the same. If the commitment were to a particular result, conflicting evidence might be Overlooked or, with the best will in the world, simply not appreciated. Moreover, the practical applications of basic research frequently cannot be anticipated. When Roentgen, the physicist, discovered X-rays, he had no idea of their usefulness to medicine. Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always far exceed those for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds devoted to research by industry--which is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because these increase profits quickly--the funds the U.S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to drive out basic. Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, "Developments will inevitably be undertaken prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making major scientific discoveries will be lost. Unfortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon pure science tend to degrade the quality of the nation% technology in the long run, rather than to improve it./

单选题Nuclear power plants are some of the largest producers of ______ wastes, with each plant producing barrels of radioactive material that must be stored in special protective containers. A. biodegradable B. hazardous C. reasonable D. durable

单选题 Under an unstable economic environment, employers in the construction industry place great value on ______ in hiring and laying off workers as their volumes of work wax and wane.

单选题A succession of ______visits by the two countries' leaders have taken their relations out of the cooler over the past 20 months.

单选题Wireless waste from cell phones, pocket PCs, and music players ______ special problems because they have toxic chemicals in batteries and other components. A. pose B. commit C. transport D. expose

单选题Academic life scientists are currently well-funded, but they need to develop better advocacy skills in order to exert some influence over issues related to their work. These are among the best of times for many in the life sciences, with strong government and industrial support helping to develop a burgeoning community which makes an important contribution to both scientific discovery and public life. During such times, it makes sense for the community to ensure that it speaks with a clear voice, not just in the corridors of power, but also in or broader society, where so many voices are striving to be heard. So it is unsurprising that biologists in both the United States and the United Kingdom are striving for more effective representation from their professional societies and related advocacy groups. A similar set of issues concern these scientists on both sides of the Atlantic. Close to the top of their agenda is graduate education. There is a growing realization within the community that the attraction of young people into a lengthy period of very hard work for very little money, to be followed in most cases by gradual disillusionment as the prospect of a tenure—track position fades, is a sub-optimal approach to career development. Increasingly pervasive restrictions on the use of research tools and research data make up another area in which academics need to speak up, before their voice is overwhelmed by industrial interests. Scientific integrity, animal care, cloning and genetic engineering are all issues in which the community can help itself and the public by communicating a coherent and credible point of view. In the United States, the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), which publicly represents 17 scientific societies, has emerged in recent years as an influential voice in public policy. But it competes for attention with rivals such as the 40, 000 strong American Society for Microbiology and the American Institute of Biological Sciences, a federation representing whole organism biologists.This fragmentation is not ideal, but FASEB has nonetheless proven its influence, especially in campaigning for money for the National Institutes of Health. It makes sense that it should seek to extend this success into other spheres. In Washington, it is particularly important that the academic community make itself heard: unlike the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, academics cannot afford to peddle influence by paying large sums of money to sympathetic politicians.

单选题Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (21) . As was discussed before, it was not (22) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic (23) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the (24) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution (25) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading (26) through the tele graph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (27) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in (28) . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, (29) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (30) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (31) its impact on the media was not immediately (32) . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as (33) , with display becoming sharper and storage (34) increasing. They were thought of, like people, (35) generations, with the distance between generations much smaller. It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be wide ly used to describe the context within which we now live.

单选题 The poetry of Gwendolyn Brooks has been praised for deepening the significance of personal and social experiences so that these experiences become universal in their implication. She has also been praised for her "sense of form, which is basic and remarkable". Many of her poems are concerned with a Black community named Bronzeville, on the south side of Chicago. Her literary skill makes Bronzeville more than just a place on a map. This community, like all important literary places (Robinson's Tilbury Town and Masters' Spoon River, for example), becomes a testing ground of personality, a place where the raw material of experience is shaped by imagination and where the joys and trials of being human are both sung and judged. The qualities for which Brooks's poetry is noted are (as one critic has pointed out) "boldness, invention, a daring to experiment, and a naturalness that does not scorn literature but absorbs it". Her love for poetry began early. At the age of seven, she "began to put rhymes together", and when she was thirteen, one of her poems was published in a children's magazine. During her teens she contributed more than seventy-five poems to a Chicago newspaper. In 1941 she began to attend a class in writing poetry at the South Side Community Art Center, and several years later, her poems began to appear in Poetry and other magazines. Her first collection of poems. A Street in Bronzeville was published in 1945. Four years later, Annie Allen, her second collection of poems, appeared. In 1950, Annie Allen was awarded a Pulitzer prize for poetry. A novel, Maud Martha, about a young Black girl growing up in Chicago, published in 1953, was praised for its warmth and insights. In 1963, her Selected Poems appeared.

单选题{{B}}Passage One{{/B}} The days when the only fender a businessman needed to stave off a midlife crisis was on the end of a Ferrari are gone. This year he needs to dig deep and purchase the Fender Jazz Bass he dreamed of as an acne-ridden youth. Guitars have seen a massive resurgence in the past few years, propping up the music retail industry and overtaking the keyboard. Sales of electric guitars have jumped 30 per cent in two years, bass guitars 11 per cent in the past 12 months. Barry Moorhouse, whose bass and acoustic centre, House of Guitars, has long been a Mecca for rock stars, recognized the trend and relocated his business to Bmne Street on the edge of the city. The wisdom of the move was evident at the new shop's opening when insurance brokers and IT consultants appeared at his door like disciples drawn to a shrine. Silently they stood eyeing the gleaming rainbow of guitars-angular or curvaceous, simple or ostentatious. Charlie Pearch, 46, a customer, explained: "I'm having a midlife crisis. First I bought a Harley Davidson and then I thought I would learn to play the guitar. My wife thinks it's better to have a motorbike and play the guitar than chase young girls." Seven months ago, Mr. Pearch went into a guitar shop to avoid the rain. A short while later he left with a pounds 800 Fender Stratocaster. Mr. Moorhouse, 49, believes the generation that grew up with guitar bands is now intent on recapturing its youth, with the added bonus that a father can share his interest with his son. "Nowadays they can indulge that passion because they have the disposable income," Mr. Moorhouse said. "I get fathers and sons in here who listen to the same music." Brightly lit and gleaming, the new shop is a far cry from what one might expect of a music lover's haunt. Mr. Moorhouse has already endured accusations of "guitars at Gap" from his more tradition-al clientele. But when your customers are spending pounds 1,000 or more on an instrument they do not expect grange, he explained. And these guitars are not just toys for the boys. City bankers can expect a good in-vestment return from their instruments. Nine years ago Barry McCormack, an IT project manager, spent pounds 400 on a 1955 Gibson Les Paul. It is now worth pounds 5,000. Mr McCormack said: "People like me are recapturing their youth but they are also buying these guitars as an alternative investment to a pension."

单选题The conquerors stole not only the gold and silver that were needed to {{U}}replenish{{/U}} the badly depleted treasure but also the supplies that were vital to the nation.

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单选题It's apparent that the wooden bridge is not strong enough to______the weight of a lorry. A. retain B. sustain C. obtain D. maintain

单选题Jenny"s wealth of practical experience and psychological acuity (sharpness) ______ more than her lack of formal academic training.