单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to{{U}} (21) {{/U}}and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of{{U}} (22) {{/U}}the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to{{U}} (23) {{/U}}employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions{{U}} (24) {{/U}}which many of us can work for ourselves,{{U}} (25) {{/U}}for an employer? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the{{U}} (26) {{/U}}of jobs. The industrial age may now be{{U}} (27) {{/U}}to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought.{{U}} (28) {{/U}}, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment as its history shows, has not meant{{U}} (29) {{/U}}freedom. Employment became widespread{{U}} (30) {{/U}}the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving{{U}} (31) {{/U}}them the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living{{U}} (32) {{/U}}themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from the people's homes.{{U}} (33) {{/U}}, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their places of employment until, {{U}}(34) {{/U}}, many people's work lost all connection{{U}} (35) {{/U}}their home lives and the places in which they lived. {{U}} (36) {{/U}}, employment put women{{U}} (37) {{/U}}a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out to{{U}} (38) {{/U}}employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to{{U}} (39) {{/U}}some effort and resources away from the{{U}} (40) {{/U}}goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.

单选题The word "slump" in the first paragraph may be replaced by ______.

单选题A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One"s physical assets and liabilities don"t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangers—a piece of paper relating an individual"s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire (追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.

单选题In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association(NBA)listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames. The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today's people — especially those born to families who have lived in the U. S. for many generations — apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren't likely to get any taller. "In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we've pretty much gone as far as we can go," says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world. Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients — notably, protein — to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height — 5'9" for men, 5'4" for women — hasn't really changed since 1960. Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. "There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism," says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University. Genetic maximums can change, but don't expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass. , ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, "you could use today's data and feel fairly confident. "

单选题The Galapagos Islands are in the Pacific Ocean, off the western coast of South America. They are a rocky, lonely spot, but they are also one of the most unusual places in the world. One reason is that they are the home of some of the last giant tortoises left on earth. Weighing hundreds of pounds, these tortoises, or land turtles, wander slowly around the rocks and sand of the islands. Strangely, each of these islands has its own particular kinds of tortoises. There are seven different kinds of tortoises on the eight islands, each kind being slightly different from the other. Hundreds of years ago, thousands of tortoises wandered around these islands. However, all that changed when people started landing there. When people first arrived in 1535, their ships had no refrigerators. This meant that fresh food was always a problem for the sailors on board. The giant tortoises provided a solution to this problem. Ships would anchor off the islands, and crews would row ashore and seize as many tortoises as they could. Once the animals were aboard the ship, the sailors would roll the tortoises onto their backs. The tortoises were completely helpless once on their backs, so they could only lie there until used for soups and stews. Almost 100, 000 tortoises were carried off in this way. The tortoises faced other problems, too. Soon after the first ships, settlers arrived bringing pigs, goats, donkeys, dogs and cats. All of these animals ruined life for the tortoises. Donkey and goats ate all the plants that the tortoises usually fed on, while the pigs. Dogs and cats consumed thousands of baby tortoises each year. Within a few years, it was hard to find any tortoise eggs-or even any baby tortoises. By the early 1900s, people began to worry that the last of the tortoises would soon die out. No one, however, seemed to care enough to do anything about the problem. More and more tortoises disappeared, even though sailors no longer needed them for food. For another fifty years, this situation continued. Finally, in the 1950s, scientist decided that something must be done. The first part of their plan was to get rid of as many cats, dogs and other animals as they could. Next, they tried to make sure that more baby tortoises would be born. To do this, they started looking for wild tortoise eggs. They gathered the eggs and put them in safe containers. When the eggs hatched, the scientists raised the tortoises in special pens. Both the eggs and tortoises were numbered so that the scientists knew exactly which kinds of tortoises they had—and which island they came from. Once the tortoises were old enough and big enough to take care of themselves, the scientists took them back to their islands and set them loose. This slow, hard work continues today, and, thanks to it, the number of tortoises is now increasing every year. Perhaps these wonderful animals will not disappear after all.

单选题Finally this theory is widely understood and accepted the world over, i. e. it has a ______; and is therefore a good basis for discussion of an ethical problem.

单选题I think that I committed a______in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.(2011年四川大学考博试题)

单选题Measuring skin fold thickness is considered to be an ______ method for estimating the amount of fat on one's body. A. accessible B. accountable C. acceptable D. adaptable

单选题It is now common for physically disabled individuals to receive the bulk of their education in regular school programs.

单选题I had______to come to see you, but I suddenly fell ill.

单选题Among the many open research questions on MTBE are how it is metabolized, ______the levels of exposure in the general population are.

单选题If you want to buy this house, the payment may be made in five______.

单选题The significance of the cultural reconstruction of old age mainly lies in______.

单选题I was most favorably struck by the assurance with which the boy answered all my questions.(2004年秋季电子科技大学考博试题)

单选题U.S. airlines could slash 70,000 more jobs if there were war with Iraq and the U.S. government did not give the industry, more help, the biggest domestic carriers said on Tuesday. The Air Transport Association, which represents major airlines, said in a report on airline finances that its members would take aggressive steps to counter any sharp drop in travel demand and an increase in costs caused by an Iraqi war. Big airlines are seeking government assistance to stem rising fuel costs and ease taxes that are contributing to losses that soared to more than $10 billion in 2002. The industry outlined a "most likely" scenario if war broke out, saying that reduced demand and higher costs due to a conflict lasting 90 days would cost it $4 billion in lost revenue. Without a conflict, losses would still be expected to reach almost $7 billion for the year. "The nation's air carders will continue to do all we can, but we fear that the consequences of this war will be severe," James May, president and chief executive of the air transport group, told a news conference. May restated the industry's belief that war could prompt more bankruptcies or force some financially fragile carders into liquidation. Recovery would take several years and ticket prices would have to fall further to spur demand. US Airways Group Inc. and UAL Corp's United Airlines are in Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and some industry experts believe that AMR Corp's American Airlines, the world's biggest carrier could follow later this year. Airlines expect overall traffic volume during a second Gulf conflict would fall more sharply than it did during the 1991 war, when it declined 8 percent after fighting began. The airlines based their assessment on a slide of more than 20 percent in advance bookings for overseas travel after the U. S. government elevated its domestic terror alert status from yellow to orange in early February. Jet fuel has more than doubled in price from a year ago to, $1.30 a gallon recently. Fuel is the second-largest expense after labor for an airline. An increase of one penny a gallon costs the industry an estimated $180 million annually.

单选题Before the first World War, female secretaries were rare because they ______.

单选题A plow is a farm ______ used to break the soil before seeds are planted.

单选题The car pollutes, but advances in fuel quality and efficiency, and in microprocessed engine technology, have radically cut ______. A. releases B. emissions C. poisons D. contamination