单选题The two countries were fighting severely to ______ every inch of the land,

单选题{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} Today cognitive theorists empirically study the impact of feelings on cognitive processes such as memory and judgment and also the reciprocal influence of cognition on emotion. However, evolutionary theorists view emotion as a powerful source of motivation-an internal communication that something must be done. For example, when people are threatened, they feel fear, which in turn leads them to deal with the threatening situation through either fight or flight. Emotions and drives may also operate in tandem to motivate action, as when excitement accompanies sexual arousal. From an evolutionary perspective, different emotions serve different functions. Fear facilitates flight in the face of danger; disgust prevents ingestion of potentially toxic substances such as rotting meat. An emotion that is less well understood is jealousy. Why do people become jealous in intimate sexual relationships? One series of studies tested evolutionary hypotheses about differences in the concerns men and women have about their partners' fidelity. Since females can have only a limited number of children during their lifetimes, to maximize their reproductive success they should be motivated to form relationships with males who have resources and will contribute them to their offspring. Indeed, cross-cultural evidence demonstrates that one of the main mate selection criteria used by females around the world is mate resources. From a female's point of view, then, infidelity accompanied by emotional commitment to the other woman is a major threat to resources. A man unlikely to divert re- sources from his mate and her offspring to a casual fling, but the risk increases dramatically if he becomes emotionally involved and perhaps considers switching long-term partners. Hence, a woman's jealousy would be expected to focus on her mate's emotional commitment to another female. For males, the situation is different. If a male commits himself to an exclusive relationship with a female, he must be certain that the offspring in whom he is investing are his own. Since he cannot be sure of paternity, the best he can do is to prevent his mate from copulating with any other males. In males, then, jealousy would be expected to focus less on the female's emotional commitment or resources and more on her tendency to give other males sexual access. Indeed, in species ranging from insects to humans, males take extreme measures to prevent other males from inseminating their mates. In humans, male sexual jealousy is the leading cause of homicides and of spouse battering cross-culturally.

单选题______ popular belief that classical music is too combles, it achieves a simplicity that only a genius can create.

单选题The influx of large numbers of tourists has influenced social behavior and social values, and caused a certain amount of______effect. A. attempt B. overreached C. defeated D. adverse

单选题Most of the waiters are ______ in their work because the owner of the restaurant does not pay them on tinge.

单选题According to the article, the California energy commission has received 200 project applications in one month. If that rate continues, approximately how many applications will they receive his entire year?

单选题{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} There are four basic types of competition in business that form a continuum from pure competition through monopolistic competition and oligopoly (商品供应垄断) to monopoly. At one end of the continuum, pure competition results when every company has a similar product. Companies that deal in commodities such as wheat or corn are often involved in pure competition. In pure competition, it is often the ease and efficiency of distribution that influences purchase. In contrast, in monopolistic competition, several companies may compete for the sale of items that may be substituted. The classic example of monopolistic competition is coffee and tea. If the price of one is perceived as too high, consumers may begin to purchase the other. Coupons and other discounts (折扣) are often used as part of a marketing strategy to influence sales. Oligopoly occurs when a few companies dominate the sales of a product or service. For example, only five airline carriers control more than 70 percent of all ticket sales in the United States. In oligopoly, serious competition is not considered desirable because it would result in reduced revenue for every company in the group. Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously is also usual. Finally, monopoly occurs when only one firm sells the product. Some monopolies have been tolerated for producers of goods and services that have been considered basic or essential, including electricity and water. In these cases, it is government control, rather than competition, that protects and influences sales.

单选题The director of the research institute came in person to______ that everything was all fight.

单选题Right now there is a sale of 19th-century European paintings and sculpture in the museum.

单选题Students at these schools test far below the state average in reading, and their scores have improved only______

单选题Finally, careful prioritization is no alternative to the adequate ______ of the science base.

单选题It didn't seem to have ______ to her that once she was addicted to drug smoking, she could hardly give it up. But it did happen. A. happened B. took place C. occurred D. came about

单选题A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday, the noted British physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electro-chemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for his work. After observing the demonstrations closely, one of the officials remarked bluntly, "It's a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?" "I don't know," replied Faraday, "but I do know that 100 years from now you'll be taxing them." From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long way, involved series of steps. The speed and effectiveness with which these steps are taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done. Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it applied some 4,000 years ago to the working of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms...to Hannibal's remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B.C. with 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 horsemen and a "conveyor belt" of 40 elephants.. .or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality. These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority, divisions of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarity of direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes; among them John Kay's Flying Shuttle in 1733, James Hargrove's Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Compton's Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmund Cartwright's Power Loom in 1785.

单选题The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death." George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery," he says, "We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide." On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse". He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension".

单选题In addition to curricula, programs, and comprehensive support services, schools ______ sexist bias, harassment, and violence, so a number of school districts and states are currently adopting sexual harassment policies. A. have to make a final stand for B. must make an unequivocal stand against C. have to adopt a firm stand to D. must keep an unambiguous stand over

单选题The criminal was told he would be ______ from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder.

单选题The countermeasures the nation's main air carriers would take to prevent any sharp drop in travel demand may include ______. Ⅰ. seeking government financial assistance Ⅱ. asking for low tax rate Ⅲ. promoting more bankruptcies and forcing some weak airline companies into liquidation

单选题A ______ examination for the post of department manager will be held next Tuesday.

单选题{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}} Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Stalwart lumberjacks and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000 calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset-with more signs of indigestion than afflict those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope, that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so far as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself. The absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach. We don't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil-soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably arose because an "oracle" suffered from dyspepsia, which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than a proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.