单选题According to the passage, a transplant of tissue between genetically incompatible organisms will result in the transplanted tissue ______.

单选题In the past few years, the little land-bound country had been ______ mercilessly by financial crises.

单选题During the late 1950s, the Brazilian economy ______ forward as heavy industries and basic infrastructure—roads, communications, and construction—expanded.

单选题In Christian writers it is natural that logical explanations of the general law of storms should center about the Devil. Clement of Alexandria records the belief that wicked angels have a hand in tempests and other such calamities. But, let us not forget, that is just an adjunct, by way of explanation, to the basic element — the belief that it is possible to influence storms and other calamities of the kind by certain rites. Victorious Christianity had to fight for its interpretations first with ancient pagan practices and later on with magical arts that in part continued the pagan and in part were new. But great the need of escaping storms! And powerful the thought that there were ways of doing so! So in one manner or another the need was covered and the thought carried out. In mediaeval times individuals endowed with such powers were known as tempestarii, and even the law took cognizance of them. Nevertheless the Church did not recognize this power of producing storms without a struggle. The Council of Braga in the year 563 anathematizes anyone teaching that the Devil can produce thunder, lightning, tempests, or drought. A celebrated ecclesiastical decree denies all basis in fact to fanciful tales about witches. St. Agobard wrote an entire book "against idiotic notions current as to hail and thunder." Says he: "In these parts nearly all people, noble or villain, burgher or rustic, old or young, believe that hail and thunder can be produced at the will of men. They therefore exclaim at the first signs of thunder and lightning: 'Raised air!' Asked to explain what 'raised air' is. they will tell you, some shamefacedly as though conscious of sin, others with the wonted frankness of the ignorant, that the air has been stirred by the incantations of individuals known as 'tempestuaries' and that that is why they say 'raised air' We have seen and heard many people possessed of such stupidity and out of their heads with such lunacy as to believe and say that there is a certain country called 'Magonie' whence ships sail out on the clouds and return laden with the grain which the hail mows and the storms blow down, and that the 'tempestuaries' are paid by such aerial mariners for the grain and other produce delivered to them. We have seen a great crowd of people—blinded by such great stupidity as to believe such things possible — drag four persons in chains before our court, three men and a woman, alleging that had fallen from one of those ships. They had been held in chains for several days till the court convened; then they were produced, in our presence, as I said, as culprits worthy to be stoned to death. Nevertheless, after much parley the truth prevailing, the accusers were, in the prophet's words, confounded like thieves caught in the act." St. Agobard demonstrates from Holy Writ the error of believing that hail and thunder are at the beck and call of human beings. Others, on the contrary, will likewise show by Scripture that the belief is sound. Yes and no have at all times been produced from Scripture with equal readiness. Doctrines recognizing the powers of witches were mistrusted by the Church for two reasons, at first because they looked like survivals of paganism, the gods of which were identified with devils; then because they were tainted with Manicheism, setting up a principle of evil against a principle of good. But owing to the pressure of the popular beliefs in which the non-logical impulses involved in magic expressed themselves, the Church finally yielded to something it could not prevent, and with little trouble found an interpretation humouring popular superstition and at the same time not incompatible with Catholic theology. After all, what did it want? It wanted the principle of evil to be subordinate to the principle of good. No sooner said than done! We can grant, to be sure, that magic is the work of the devil — but we will add, "God permitting." That will remain the final doctrine of the Catholic church. Popular superstitions exerted pressure not only upon the Church but also upon secular governments; and they, without bothering very much to find logical interpretations, set out with a will to punish all sorts of sorcerers and witches. "tempestuaries" included. Whenever a certain state of fact, a certain state of belief, exits, there is always someone on hand to try to take advantage of it; and it is therefore not surprising that church, state, and individuals should all have tried to profit by the belief in witchcraft. St. Agobard repots that blackmail was paid to "tempestuaries", and Charlemagne, no less, admonishes his subjects to pay their tithes to the Church regularly if they would be surer of their crops.

单选题The electronic computer is ______ some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains. A. taking care B. taking in C. taking off D. taking over

单选题One's thoughts must be directed to the future, and A to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one's past is B a gradually increasing weight . It is easy to C think for oneself that one's emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and D one's mind more keen .

单选题Having liberated the player from an exclusively team performance, Louis Armstrong unwittingly codified the vocabulary of the soloist in a series of famous recordings. A. unfavorably B. unpopularly C. unquestionably D. unintentionally

单选题You don't have to______yourself. I think you did the right thing putting your mother in a nursing home.(2003年上海交通大学考博试题)

单选题In the author's opinion, the idea that geneticists could produce a super-ape is ______.

单选题{{B}}Passage Six{{/B}} What do the extraordinarily successful companies have in common? To find out, we looked for correlations. We know that correlations are not always reliable; nevertheless, in the 27 survivors, our group saw four Shared personality traits that could explain their longevity (长寿). {{U}}Conservatism in financing{{/U}}. The companies did not risk their capital gratuitously (无缘无故). They understood the meaning of money in an old-fashioned way; they knew the usefulness spare cash in the kitty. Money in hand allowed them to snap up (抓住) options when their' competitors could not. They did not have to convince third-party financiers of the attractiveness of opportunities they wanted to pursue. Money in kitty allowed them to govern their growth and evolution. {{U}}Sensitivity to the world around them{{/U}}. Whether they had built their fortunes on knowledge or on natural resources, the living companies in our study were able to adapt themselves to change in the world around them. As wars, depressions, technologies, and politics surged and ebbed (潮起潮落), they always seemed to excel at keeping their feelers out, staying attuned to whatever was going on. For information, they sometimes relied on packets carried over vast distances by portage and ship. Yet they managed to react in a timely fashion to whatever news they received. They were good at learning and adapting. {{U}}Awareness of their identity{{/U}}. No matter how broadly diversified the companies were, their employees all felt like parts of a whole. Lord Cole, chairman of Unilever in the 1960s, for example, saw the company as a sheet of ships. Each ship was independent, but the whole fleet was greater than the sum of its parts. The feeling of belonging to an organization and identifying with its achievements is often dismissed as soft. But case histories repeatedly show that a sense of community is essential for long-term survival. Managers in the living companies we studied were chosen mostly from within, and all considered themselves to be stewards of a longstanding enterprise. Their top priority was keeping the institution at least as healthy as it had been when they took over. {{U}}Tolerance of new ideas{{/U}}. The long-lived companies in our study tolerated activities in the margin: experiments and eccentricities that stretched their understanding. They recognized that new businesses may be entirely unrelated to existing businesses and that the act of starting a business need to be centrally controlled. W. R. Grace, from its very beginning, encouraged autonomous experimentation. The company was founded in 1854 by an Irish immigrant in Peru and traded in guano, a natural fertilizer, before it moved into sugar and tin. Eventually, the company established Pan American Airways. Today it is primarily a chemical company, although it is also the leading provider of kidney dialysis (透析) services in the United States. By definition, a company that survives for more than a century exists in a world it cannot hope to control. Multinational companies are similar to the long-surviving companies of our study in that way. The world of a multinational is very large and stretches across many cultures. That world is inherently less stable and more difficult to influence than a confined national habitat. Multinationals must be willing to change in order to succeed. These four traits form the essential character of companies that have functioned successfully for hundreds of years. Given this basic personality, what priorities do the managers of living companies set for themselves and their employees?

单选题Lorries are responsible for over half of all cyclist deaths in London, a third across the UK as a whole, 43% of cycling fatalities in Belgium and 38% in the Netherlands. In all, about 1, 000 people die annually in Europe's road traffic accidents, but a "direct vision" design concept could slash those figures by increasing the field of vision for drivers in front— and to the sides—of their lorries, according to a new report by Loughborough University. "Blind spots can be a significant factor in fatal accidents with lorries, " said Dr. Steve Sununerskill, one of the report's co-authors. "The study shows that the size of these blind spots can be minimized through improved cab(驾驶室)design, the reduction of cab height and the addition of extra windows. " The proposed new lorry model would have an 80cm longer cab with a rounded nose, smaller dashboard, expanded glassed areas and a slightly lower driver position, panoramically expanding the range of sight from behind a lorry cab's wheel. By contrast, truck drivers today sit in a position high above their engines in brick-shaped lorry cabs that leave them unable to see much of the movement around their vehicles. The paper analyzed 704 accidents involving heavy goods vehicles and found that 31% of road fatalities were caused by drivers pulling away, 19% were caused by left turns, 7% by right turns, and 25% from drivers reversing. Surprisingly, vehicles changing lanes were responsible for half of all accidents but no fatalities. The analysis indicates that " critical blind spots" in current models cannot be compensated for by the use of lorry driver's mirrors, because of the time lapse between checking them, making observations through the window, and then pulling away from a junction. "If this tune period is four seconds, this is enough time for a cyclist to undertake the heavy goods vehicle, with the driver being unaware of his or her presence, " the paper says. Such weaknesses have been highlighted in other research but European rules have still tended to prioritize drivers' "indirect vision"—or the line of sight they get from mirrors— over their blind spots. The EU's existing law on lorry weights and dimensions makes this worse by forcing a design with particularly large blind spots, according to Transport and Environment(T&E), a green think tank. "Not only drivers, but politicians too need vision, " said William Todts, a senior policy officer for T&E. "It's incomprehensible that we allow huge 36 tonne mammoths(庞然大物)on our roads without making sure the people behind the wheel actually see what's going on. After decades of tinkering with(鼓捣)minors, we now have an opportunity to make direct vision compulsory in new lorry designs and save hundreds of lives, "

单选题Many politicians find that they can no longer afford the luxury of a personal chauffeur. A. valet B. driver C. secretary D. servant

单选题Publication of this survey had originally been intended to coincide with the annual meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, scheduled for September 29th-30th in Washington, D.C. Those meetings, and the big anti-globalization pro- tests that had been planned to accompany them, were among the least significant casualties of the terrorist atrocities of September 11th. You might have thought that the anti-capitalist protesters, after contemplating those horrors and their aftermath, would be regretting more than just the loss of a venue for their marches. Many are, no doubt. But judging by the response of some of their leaders and many of the activists (if Internet chat rooms are any guide), grief is not always the prevailing mood. Some anti-globalists have found a kind of consolation even a cause of satisfaction, in these terrible events--that of having been as they see it, proved right. To its fiercest critics, globalization, the march of international capitalism, is a force for oppression, exploitation and injustice. The rage that drove the terrorists to commit their obscene crime was in part, it is argued, a response to that. At the very least, it is suggested, terrorism thrives on poverty and international capitalism, the protesters say, thrives on poverty too. These may be extreme positions, but the minority that holds them is not tiny, by any means. Far more important, the anti-globalists have lately drawn tacit support if nothing else, reluctance to condemn--from a broad range of public opinion. As a result, they have been, and are likely to remain, politically influential. At a time such as this, sorting through issues of political economy may seem very far removed from what matters. In one sense, it is. But when many in the West are contemplating their future, with new foreboding, it is important to understand why the skeptics are wrong; why economic integration is a force for good; and why globalization, far from being the greatest cause of poverty, is its only feasible cure. Undeniably, popular support for that view is lacking. In the developed economies, support for further trade liberalization is uncertain; in some countries, voters are down- right hostile to it. Starting a new round of global trade talks this year will be struggle, and seeing it through to a useful conclusion will be. The institutions that in most people's eyes represent the global economy--the IMF, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization are reviled far more widely than they are admired; the best they can expect from opinion at large is grudging acceptance. Governments, meanwhile, are accused of bowing down to business, globalization leaves them no choice. Private capital moves across the planet unchecked. Wherever it goes, it bleeds democracy of content and puts "profits before people".

单选题An orange is easily pulled apart into ______.

单选题As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to ______ it.

单选题Here"s a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this ethereal creature is on a diet. She mustn"t eat this and she mustn"t eat that. Oh, but of course, she doesn"t want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: it"s the surest way to an early grave. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again. What a miserable lot dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast sums for "health cures". For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Don"t think it"s only the middle-aged who go in for these fads either. Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water and the goodwill of God. Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserable? Well, for one thing, they"re always hungry. You can"t be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. Wonderfood is a complete food, the advertisement says. Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water. A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, they"re always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them? At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. What utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice! What"s all this self-inflicted torture for? Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they hold out their plates and demand second helpings!