单选题Many people think of deserts as ______regions, but numerous species of plants and animals have adapted to life there. A.remote B.virgin C.alien D.barren

单选题There are some that would argue that hospitals are no place for dogs, while they are wrong. At least according to new research reported at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2005. For people hospitalized with advanced heart disease, it is better to have visitors than to lie quietly alone. But one type of visitor seems to be especially beneficial, researchers reported on Tuesday. That visitor is a dog. In the first controlled study of the effects of pet therapy in a random sample of acute and critically ill heart patients, anxiety as measured on a standard rating scale dropped 24 percent for those visited by a dog and a human volunteer, by 10 percent for those visited by a volunteer alone and not at all for those with no visitors. Similar results were found in measures of heart and lung function. The senior author of the Pet Therapy Study, Kathie M. Cole, said 76 patients with heart failure, a condition that affects an estimated five million Americans, were randomly assigned one of the three visit types. The dogs, from 12 breeds, were screened for behavior and disease before participating in the study. "Some patients in the first group," Ms. Cole said, "began to smile and immediately engaged in conversation with dog and volunteer. " "Their worries seemed to vanish fiom their faces," she said. The researchers examined the patients three times: right before the 12-minute visit, eight minutes into it and tour minutes after it was over. Besides the anxiety measurement, researchers found, patients' levels of epinephrine, a hormone the body makes when under stress, dropped 17 percent when visited by a person and a dog, and 2 percent when visited by only a person. Epinephrine levels rose an average of 7 percent in the unvisited group in the study, which was financed by the Pet Care Trust Foundation, a nonprofit group. Pressure in the heart's top left chamber dropped 10 percent after a visit by volunteer and dog. The same pressure rose 3 percent for those visited by a volunteer and 5 percent for the unvisited group. Pressure in the pulmonary artery dropped 5 percent during and after a visit by volunteer and dog, but rose in the other two groups. Ms. Cole recommended further studies to determine how long the benefits lasted. "Dogs are a great comfort," she said. "They make people happier, calmer and feel more loved. That is huge when you are scared and not feeling well. /

单选题It has been revealed that nearly one in five degree courses has been ______ since the tripling of tuition fees to ￡9,000 a year.(2013年北京大学考博试题)

单选题The Taliban once controlled much of this trade, but the recent power vacuum could exacerbate the problem.

单选题The scheme for rebuilding the city center______, owing to the refusal of a council to sanction the expenditure of the money it would have required. A. fell down B. fell off C. fell out D. fell flat

单选题The ______ majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will help decrease the crime rate.(2014年厦门大学考博试题)

单选题I've been very lazy but I'm going to turn over a new______and work hard.

单选题（四川大学2010年试题） You probably know that it's better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of one that's been doused in pesticides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local supermarket(or farmer's market). The explosion in【1】produce and other foods during the last few years has been an extremely【2】development in the food industry. However,【3】still exists about exactly what the organic【4】means. Do you know the difference between a cereal that's "organic", 100% organic, and "made with organic【5】"? The USDA has clearly defined standards that【6】which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them at www. usda. gov. Organic foods are great, but the jury is still very much out【7】another new development in the food world; genetically【8】organisms(GMOs). No one knows for certain the short and【9】effects of these products of gene engineering,【10】there's a chance they could lead to the【11】creation of "superweeds" or【12】with natural plant stocks. For more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting www. saynotogmos. org. 【13】you're shopping, don't forget to consider the companies behind the【14】names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion,【15】the other manufactures its corn flakes via【16】environmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use【17】such as www. responsible shopper. com. They present both the good and bad sides of every company they【18】, and they grade hundreds of companies on social, ethical and environmental issues. Remember;【19】conscious shopping is a powerful tool for effecting change. You can make a difference every time you fill your【20】cart.

单选题Any government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must be prepared to accept the______.

单选题These results should not be taken at face ______—careful analysis is required to assess their full implications. A. revenue B. expense C. price D. value

单选题______ every word of his were true, what action would the committee wish to take?

单选题There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to the rulers by ancient writers, who relate how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable (寓言) of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures and that the one without the other is not durable. A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept would not be a good one; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfilment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.

单选题An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controllee and of the members of the governmental agency itself? A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others - the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has "committed perjury," we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned - in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment, A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurafices of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in mm "rule" behavior. The effect of a law upon the controlling agency The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.Comprehension Questions:

单选题The______ of the interstate' s property has been agreed upon by the heirs.

单选题Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent. ______ ,I can't speak too highly of him. A. As a result B. By the way C. In a word D. on the contrary

单选题Military orders are ______ and cannot be disobeyed. [A] defective [B] conservative [C] alternative [D] imperative

单选题In 14 years as a (n) ______in the major league Kobel I had never seen two baseball teams fight like this. A. goblin B. sheik C. statuary D. umpire