The major task facing adolescents is to create a stable identity. There are some developmental tasks that enable them to create an identity. It"s important to accept one"s physique. The beginning of puberty and the rate of body changes for adolescent varies tremendously. How easily adolescents deal with those changes will【B1】______reflect how closely their bodies match the well-defined【B2】______of the "perfect" body for young women and young men. Adolescents who do not match it may need【B3】______support from adults to improve their feelings of comfort and self-worth regarding their physique. Try to achieve emotional independence from parents. Children derive strength from【B4】______their parents" values and attitudes. Adolescents, 【B5】______, must redefine their【B6】______of personal strength and move toward self-reliance. This change is【B7】______if the adolescent and parents can agree on some level of【B8】______that increases over time.【B9】______, parents and adolescents should set a time by which children must be back home. That time should be increased【B10】______the adolescent matures. Prepare for an economic career. In our society, an adolescent【B11】______adult status when he or she is able to【B12】______support himself or herself. This task has become more【B13】______than in the past because the job market demands increased education and skills. Today, this developmental task is generally not achieved【B14】______late adolescence or early adulthood, after the individual completes her/his education and gains some entry level work experience. Adolescents can think abstractly and about possible situations. With these【B15】______in thinking, the adolescent is able to develop his or her own【B16】______of values and beliefs. Thus, it is essential to take an ideology as a guide to behavior. The family is where children define themselves and their world. Adolescents【B17】______themselves and their world from their new social roles. Status【B18】______the community, beyond that of family is an important achievement for older adolescents and young adults. Adolescents and young adults become members of the larger community【B19】______employment(financial independence)and【B20】______independence from parents.

The Students Union of your university is planning to star a campaign to fight against the appalling waste on the campus. You are expected to write a letter of proposal on behalf of the Students Union calling on all students to take part in this campaign. Write your letter in no less than 100 words and write it neatly. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "The Students Union" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

Come on, my fellow white folks, we have something to confess. Out with it, friends, the biggest secret known to whites since the invention of powdered rouge: welfare is a white program. The numbers go like this: 61% of the population receiving welfare, listed as "means-tested cash assistance" by the Census Bureau, is identified as white, while only 33% is identified as black. These numbers notwithstanding, the Republican version of "political correctness" has given us "welfare cheat" as a new term for African American since the early days of Ronald Reagan. Our confession surely stands: white folks have been gobbling up the welfare budget while blaming someone else. But it"s worse than that. If we look at Social Security, which is another form of welfare, although it is often mistaken for an individual insurance program, then whites are the ones who are crowding the trough. We receive almost twice as much per capita, for an aggregate advantage to our race of $10 billion a year—much more than the $3.9 billion advantage African American gain from their disproportionate share of welfare. One sad reason: whites live an average of six years longer than African Americans, meaning that young black workers help subsidize a huge and growing "over-class" of white retirees. I do not see our confession bringing much relief. There"s a reason for resentment, though it has more to do with class than with race. White people are poor too, and in numbers far exceeding any of our more generously pigmented social groups. And poverty as defined by the government is a vast underestimation of the economic terror that persists at incomes—such as $20,000 or even $40,000 and above—that we like to think of as middle class. The problem is not that welfare is too generous to blacks but that social welfare in general is too stingy to all concerned. Naturally, whites in the swelling "near poor" category resent the notion of whole races supposedly frolicking at their expense. Whites, near poor and middle class, need help too—as do the many African Americans. So we white folks have a choice. We can keep pretending that welfare is black program and a scheme for transferring our earnings to the pockets of shiftless, dark-skinned people. Or we can clear our throats, blush prettily and admit that we are hurting too—for cash assistance when we"re down and out, for health insurance, for college aid and all the rest. Racial scapegoating has its charms, I will admit: the surge of righteous anger, even the fun—for those inclined—of wearing sheets and burning crosses. But there are better, nobler sources of white pride, it seems to me. Remember this: only we can truly, deeply blush.

"The news hit the British High Commission in Nairobi at nine-thirty on a Monday morning. Sandy Woodrow took it like a bullet, jaw rigid, chest out, smack through his divided English heart", Crikey. So that"s how you take a bullet. Poor old Sandy. His English heart must be really divided now. This deliriously hardboiled opening sets the tone for what"s to come. White mischief? Pshaw! White plague, more like it. Sandy Woodrow is head of chancery at the British High Commission in Nairobi. The news that neatly subdivides his heart as the novel opens is the death of a young, beautiful and idealistic lawyer turned aid worker named Tessa Quayle. Tessa has been murdered for learning too much about the dishonest practices of a large pharmaceutical company operating in Africa. Her body is found at Lake Turkana, in northern Kenya near the border with Sudan. Tessa"s husband, Justin, is also a British diplomat stationed in Nairobi. Until now Justin has been an obedient civil servant, content to toe the official line—in short, a hard worker. But all that changes in the aftermath of his wife"s murder. Full of righteous anger, he resolves to get to the bottom of it, come what may. "The Constant Gardener" has got plenty of tense moments and sudden twists and comes completely with shadowy figures lurking in the bush. There is a familiar tone of gentlemanly world- weariness to it all, which should keep Mr. le Carre"s fans happy. But the novel is also an impassioned attack on the corruption which allows Africa to be used as a sort of laboratory for the testing of new medicines. Elsewhere, Mr. le Carte has denounced the "corporate cam, hypocrisy, corruption and greed" of the pharmaceutical industry. This position is excitingly dramatized in his book, even if the abuses he rails against are not exactly breaking news. In other respects "The Constant Gardener" is less satisfactory. Mr. le Carte can"t seem to make up his mind whether he"s writing a thriller or an expose. Ina recent article for the New Yorker he described his creative process as "a kind of deliberately twisted journalism, where nothing is quite what it is" and where any encounter may be "freely recast for its dramatic possibilities". Such is the method employed in "The Constant Gardener", whose heroine. Mr. le Carte says, was inspired by an old friend of his. One or two prominent real-life Kenyan politicians are mentioned often enough to become, in effect. "characters" in the story. And in a note at the end of the book Mr. le Cane thanks the various diplomats, doctors, pharmaceutical experts and old Africa hands who gave him advice and assistance, though in the same breath he insists that the staff of the British mission in Nairobi are no doubt all jolly good eggs who bear no resemblance whatsoever to the heartless scoundrels in his story. There"s nothing wrong with a bit of artistic license, Of course. But Mr. le Carre"s equivocation about the novel"s relation to fact undermines its effectiveness as a work of social criticism, which is pretty clearly what it aspires to be. "The Constant Gardener" is a cracking thriller but a flawed exploration of a complicated set of political issues.

Most of us would like to be both (1)_____ and creative. Why was Thomas Edison able to invent so many things? Was he simply more intelligent than most people? Did he spend long hours toiling away in private? Surprisingly, when Edison was a young boy, his teacher told him he was too (2)_____ to learn anything. Other famous people whose creative genius went (3)_____ when they were young include Walt Disney, who was fired from a newspaper job because he did not have any good ideas and Enrico Caruso, whose music teacher told him that his (4)_____ was terrible. Disney, Edison and Caruso were intelligent and creative men; (5)_____, experts on creativity believe that intelligence is not the same as creativity. Creativity is the ability to think about something in new and unusual ways, and to (6)_____ out unique solutions to problems. When creative people are asked what enables them to solve problems in new ways, they say that the ability to find affinities between (7)_____ unrelated elements plays a key role. They also say that they have the time and independence in a(an) (8)_____ setting to (9)_____ a wide range of possible solutions to a problem. How strongly is creativity (10)_____ to intelligence? (11)_____ most creative people are quite intelligent, the (12)_____ is not necessarily true. Many highly intelligent people (13)_____ measured by IQ tests) are not very creative. Some experts remain skeptical that we will ever fully understand the creative process. Others believe that a psychology of creativity is within reach. Most experts agree, (14)_____, that the concept of creativity as (15)_____ bubbling up from a magical (16)_____ is a myth. Momentary (17)_____ of insight, (18)_____ by images, make up a (19)_____ part of the creative "process. At the heart of the creative process are ability and experience that (20)_____ an individual"s effort, often over the course of a lifetime.

Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select.【F1】 Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts. Standard economics can be divided into two major fields.【F2】 The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As e-conomists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations. The second field, macroeconomics, deals with modern explanations of national income and employment. Macroeconomics dates from the book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money(1935), by the British economist John Maynard Keynes. His explanation of prosperity and depression centers on the total or aggregate demand for goods and services by consumers, business investors, and governments.【F3】 Because, according to Keynes, inadequate total demand increases unemployment, the indicated cure is either more investment by businesses or more spending and consequently larger budget deficits by government. Economic issues have occupied people"s minds throughout the ages.【F4】 Aristotle and Plato in ancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and trade, both of whom were prejudiced against commerce, feeling that to live by trade was undesirable. The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade.【F5】 During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were expressed in the law of the church, which condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regarded commerce as inferior to agriculture. Economics as a subject of modern study, distinguishable from moral philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations(1776), by the Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith. Mercantilism and physiocracy were precursors of the classical economics of Smith and his 19th-century successors.

The term e-commerce refers to all commercial transactions conducted over the Internet, including transactions by consumers and business-to-business transactions. Conceptually, e-commerce does not 【C1】______from well-known commercial offerings such as banking by phone, "mail order" catalogs, or sending a purchase order to supplier【C2】______fax. E-commerce follows the same model【C3】______ in other business transactions; the difference【C4】______ in the details. To a consumer, the most visible form of e-commerce consists【C5】______online ordering. A customer begins with a catalog of possible items, 【C6】______an item, arranges a form of payment, and【C7】______an order. Instead of a physical catalog, e-commerce arranges for catalogs to be【C8】______on the Internet. Instead of sending an order on paper or by telephone, e-commerce arranges for orders to be sent【C9】______ a computer network. Finally, instead of sending a paper representation of payment such as a check, e-commerce 【C10】______one to send payment information electronically. In the decade【C11】______1993, e-commerce grew from an【C12】______novelty to a mainstream business influence. In 1993, few【C13】______had a web page, and【C14】______a handful allowed one to order products or services online. Ten years【C15】______, both large and small businesses had web pages, and most【C16】______users with the opportunity to place an order. 【C17】______, many banks added online access,【C18】______online banking and bill paying became【C19】______. More importantly, the value of goods and services【C20】______over the Internet grew dramatically after 1997.

Give the Senate some credit: in shaping the current immigration-reform bill, it has come up with one idea that almost everybody hates. That"s the plan to create a new class of "guest workers"—immigrants who would be allowed to work in the U.S. for three two-year stretches, at most, provided that they return home for a year after each visit. Conservatives dislike the plan because they believe that the guest workers won"t return home after their visas expire. Liberals dislike it because they believe the program will depress American wages and trap guest workers in a state of serfdom. The only vocal supporters of the provision are businesses that rely heavily on immigrant labor, and they"re presumably just looking out for themselves. With the broader concerns about the effects of illegal immigration, the hostility to the new plan is understandable. It"s also misguided. However imperfect, the guest-worker program is better than any politically viable alternative. Opponents of immigration sometimes imply that adding workers to a workforce automatically brings wages down. But immigrants tend to work in different industries than native workers, and have different skills, and so they often end up complementing native workers, rather than competing with them. That can make native workers more productive and therefore better off. According to a recent study by the economists Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri, between 1990 and 2004 immigration actually boosted the wages of most American workers; its only negative effect was a small one, on the wages of workers without a high-school diploma. And if by increasing the number of legal guest workers we reduced the number of undocumented workers, the economy would benefit even more. Guest workers are also, paradoxically, less likely than illegal immigrants to become permanent residents. The U.S. already has a number of smaller—and less well-designed—temporary-worker programs, and there"s no evidence that workers in those plans routinely overstay their visas. One remarkable study found that after border enforcement was stepped up in 1993 the chances of an illegal immigrant returning to his homeland to stay fell by a third. In fact, whatever benefits the guest-worker program brought to the U.S. economy or to particular businesses, the biggest winners would be the workers themselves. Congress, of course, is under no obligation to care about foreign workers. But the program"s costs to American workers are negligible, the gains for the guest workers are enormous, and the U.S. economy will benefit. This is that rare option which is both sensible and politically possible.

On Losing Weight A. Title: On Losing Weight B. Word limit: 160-200 words (not including the given opening sentence) C. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: "Losing weight has gained much popularity today, especially among girls." OUTLINE: 1. Many young people are keen on losing weight 2. The reasons 3. How to lose weight healthily

All education springs from some image of the future. (46) If the image of the future held by a society is grossly inaccurate, its education system will betray its youth. Imagine an Indian tribe which for centuries has sailed its dugouts on the river at its doorstep. During all this time the economy and culture of the tribe have depended upon fishing, preparing and cooking the products of the river, growing food in soil fertilized by the river, building boats and appropriate tools. (47) So long as the rate of technological change in such a community stays slow, so long as no wars, invasions, epidemics or other natural disasters upset the even rhythm of life, it is simple for the tribe to formulate a workable image of its own future, since tomorrow merely repeats yesterday. It is from this image that education flows. Schools may not even exist in the tribe; yet there is a curriculum—a cluster of skills, values and rituals to be learned. Boys are taught to scrape bark and hollow out trees, just as their ancestors did before them. The teacher in such a system knows what he is doing, secure in the knowledge that tradition of the past—will work in the future. (48) What happens to such a tribe, however, when it pursues its traditional methods unaware that five hundred miles upstream men are constructing a gigantic dam that will dry up their branch of the river? Suddenly the tribe"s image of the future, the set of assumptions on which its members base their present behavior, becomes dangerously misleading. Tomorrow will not replicate today. The tribal investment in preparing its children to live in a river culture becomes a pointless and potentially tragic waste. A false image of the future destroys the relevance of the education effort. This is our situation today. Only it is we, ironically, not some distant strangers who are building the dam that will annihilate the culture of the present. (49) Never before has any culture subjected itself to so intense and prolonged a bombardment of technological, social, and info psychological change. (50) This change is accelerating and we witness everywhere in the high: technology societies" evidence that the old industrial-era structures can no longer carry out their functions.

How soon your performance will be rated may influence how well you do, according to a new study published in the journal Psychological Science. In the study, researchers Keri L. Kettle and Gerald Haubl from the University of Alberta set out to determine whether the timing of feedback influences performance. Because earlier feedback means a more proximate possibility of disappointment,the researchers hypothesized that students told they would be learning their grade sooner would be more likely to perform well, compared with those who wouldn"t find out their grade until later. Of 501 students taking a particular course, 271 agreed to participate in the study. All students were assigned a four minute oral presentation, which they had to deliver in front of about 10 classmates. Their performance was ranked on a scale of 1-10 by classmates, and the average of those scores made up their grade for the assignment. Prior to giving their oral presentation, study participants were asked to predict how well they would do, and were also told how soon they would learn their grade. The researchers found that study participants who"d been told they would be given their scores earlier performed far better than those told they"d receive their scores later. What"s more, despite the fact that, on average, students who anticipated finding out how they"d done earlier significantly outperformed classmates who were given their scores later, they were more likely to predict low marks for themselves. In contrast, those who were told they wouldn"t learn their scores until later were more likely to predict very high marks—which they seldom actually went on to earn. As a control, the researchers also assessed the scores of the 230 students who had declined to participate in the study. While students with the earliest feedback scored in the 60th percentile on average, and those with the latest feedback scored in the 40th percentile on average, those not included in the study (and whose feedback time hadn"t been manipulated) consistently scored in the 50th percentile. The findings suggest that "mere anticipation of more rapid feedback improves performance," the authors conclude, and that, interestingly, proximity of feedback influences predicted performance and actual performance differently. As the authors sum up: "People do best precisely when their predictions about their own performance are least optimistic." The influence of feedback anticipation on performance has implications beyond the classroom as well, the researchers argue—in the way that managers respond to employee work, for example, or maybe even how Mom and Dad size up how clean that room is. The findings, Kettle and Haubl conclude, "have important practical implications for all individuals who are responsible for mentoring and for evaluating the performance of others."

The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby"s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst"s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable . In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world"s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby"s and Christie"s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie"s chief executive, says: "I"m pretty confident we"re at the bottom." What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

I don' t think you can get away.

Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seri9usly affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his, language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man"s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy bear". And even more incredible is the young brain"s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child"s babbling(咿呀声), grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child"s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

BPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese./B

Animal studies are under way, human trial protocols are taking shape and drug makers are on alert. All the international health community needs now is a human vaccine for the bird flu pandemic sweeping a cluster of Asian countries. The race for a vaccine began after the first human case emerged in Hong Kong in 1997. Backed by the World Health Organization (WHO), three research teams in the US and UK are trying to create a seed virus for a new vaccine. Their task is formidable, but researchers remain optimistic". There are obstacles, but most of the obstacles have been treated sensibly", says Richard Webby, a virologist at St. Jude Children"s Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. The biggest challenge is likely to be the rapidly mutating virus. Candidate vaccines produced last year against the H5N1 virus are ineffective against this year"s strain. Scientists will have to constantly monitor the changes and try to tailor the vaccine as the virus mutates. They can"t wait to see which one comes next. The urgency stems from fears that H5N1 will combine with a human flu virus, creating a pathogen(病原体) that could be transmitted from person to person. But if people have no immunity to the virus, the strain may not mutate as rapidly in people as it does in birds. To quickly generate the vaccine, researchers are using reverse genetics, which allows them to skip the long process of searching through reassorted viruses for the correct genetic combination. Instead, scientists clone sequences for hemagglutinin(红血球凝聚素) and neuraminidase(神经氨酸苷酶), the two key proteins in the virus. The sequences are then combined with human influenza genes to create a customized reference strain. Because products developed with reverse genetics have never been tested in humans, the candidate vaccines will first have to clear regulatory review. In anticipation, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) are both preparing pandemic response plans. The EMEA has produced a fist-track licensing program, an industry task force and detailed guidance for potential applicants. In Europe, a reassortant influenza virus—but not the inactivated vaccine—produced by reverse genetics would be considered a genetically modified organism, and manufacturers would need approval from their national or local safety authorities. The WHO has prepared a preliminary biosafety risk assessment of pilot-lot vaccine, which could help speed up the review. A preliminary version of their protocol calls for several hundred subjects, beginning with a group of young adults and gradually expanding to include those most susceptible to the flu—children and the elderly". If we had product", says Lambert", it would probably be a couple of months at the earliest before we have early data in healthy adults".

【F1】 Sending your child to piano or violin lessons in a bid to boost their academic achievement is a waste of money, according to scientists. Although research has shown that youngsters who take music lessons are more likely to be top of their class, Professor Schellenberg claims this link is misleading.【F2】 Instead, improved academic performance may be because brighter children from privileged backgrounds are more likely to learn an instrument, rather than music classes helping to boost their intelligence. "Music may change you a bit, but it's also the case that different children take music lessons." said Professor Schellenberg, who added that parents' education was the most influential factor on musicality.【F3】 Children who take music lessons come from families with higher incomes, they come from families with more educated parents, they also do more extracurricular activities, they have higher IQs, and they do better at school. 【F4】 In tests on 167 children who played piano or other instruments, they found their answer to personality tests could predict how likely it was for them to continue their music lessons. Those who were more outgoing and conscientious were more likely to continue to play. "We were motivated by the fact that kids who take music lessons are particularly good students, in school they actually do better than you would predict from their IQ, so obviously something else is going on." Professor Schellenberg told the American Association for the Advancement of Science(A A AS)annual conference in Boston. 【F5】 Asked if so-called helicopter parents were wasting their money sending their children to music lessons in the belief they could boost their school results, he said "yes". "Clearly studying music changes the brain, but so does any learning. In fact, that is what learning is." he said.

BSection III Writing/B

The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a (an)【1】for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it【2】a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the【3】of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.【4】by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly【5】themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the【6】of violence in the media and its【7】harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media【8】, such as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media,【9】television,【10】public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation【11】by the media, is body image.【12】forces can influence body image positively or negatively.【13】one, societaland cultural norms and mass media marketing【14】our concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of【15】beauty fill magazines and newspapers,【16】from our televisions and entertain us【17】the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media【18】on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a【19】 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n)【20】that carries unrealistic physical expectations.

Britain"s bosses would have you believe that business in Britain is groaning under red tape and punitive tax levels, inhibiting enterprise and putting British firms at a disadvantage compared with overseas competitors. As usual, reality paints a far different picture from the tawdry image scrawled by the CBI and Tory frontbenchers. Not only do British businesses pay lower levels of corporation tax than their counterparts abroad but they benefit from the most savage legal hamstringing of trade unionism. But boardroom fat cats in Britain have one further advantage over their competitors, which is their total inability to feel any sense of shame. The relatively poor performance since the 1990s of pension investment funds, overseen by the top companies themselves, has brought about a wide-ranging cull of occupational pension schemes. Final salary schemes have been axed in favour of money purchase or have been barred to new employees and, in many companies, staff have been told that they will have to increase pensions fund payments to ensure previously guaranteed benefits. At a time when the government has been deliberately running down the value of the state retirement pension and driving pensioners towards means-tested benefits, the increasingly shaky nature of occupational schemes has brought about higher levels of insecurity among working people. However, it"s not all doom and gloom. There is a silver lining. Unfortunately, that silver lining doesn"t shine too brightly outside the corridors of corporate power, where directors are doing what they are best at—looking after number one. Bosses are not only slurping up huge salaries, each-way bonuses and golden parachutes. They have also, as TUC general secretary Brendan Barber says, got "their snouts in a pensions trough". If having contributions worth one-thirtieth of their salary each year paid into a pension scheme is good enough for directors, why do most workers only receive one-sixtieth? And if companies only donate 6 percent of an employee"s salary for money purchase schemes, why do they give 20～30 percent for directors" schemes? The answer, which will be no secret to many trade Unionists, is that we live in a class divided society in which big business and the rich call the shots. The Child Poverty Action Group revelation that Britain also has the worst regional social inequality in the industrialised world—second only to Mexico—illustrates how fatuous are claims that this country enjoys social justice and opportunities for all. The stark facts of inequality, Based on class, gender, age and race, that are outlined in the CPAG Poverty book ought to dictate a new government approach to tackling poverty. Inequality and poverty cannot be tackled by allowing Big business and the rich to dodge their responsibilities to society and to use their positions of power to seize the lion"s share.