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Honestyisperhapsnotonlythenoblestqualityofmankindbutalsoanessentialqualityofenterprises.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessayofabout200wordstothenewspaperto1.showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow1)thecontentofthepicture2)thesymbolicmeaning3)thespecialunderstanding2.giveaspecificexample/comment,and3.giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoencouragehonesty.

He is more brave than wise.

Of all the truths that this generation of Americans hold self-evident, few are more deeply embedded in the national psyche than the maxim "It pays to go to collage". Since G. Bill transformed higher education in the aftermath of WWII, a college diploma, once a birthright of the leisured few, has become a lodestone for the upwardly mobile, as integral to the American dream as the pursuit of happiness itself. The numbers tell the story: In 1950s, 43% of high-school graduates went on to pursue some form of higher education; at the same time, only 6% of Americans were college graduates. But by 1992, almost 2 to out of 3 secondary-school graduates were opting for higher education—and 21% of a much larger U.S. population had college diplomas. As Prof. Herbert London of New York University told a commencement audience last June: "The college experience has gone from a rite passage to a right of passage". However, as the class of 1993 is so painfully discovering, while a college diploma remains a requisite credential for ascending the economic ladder, it no longer guarantees the good life. Rarely since the end of the Great Depression has the job outlook for college graduates appeared so bleak: of the 1.1 million students who received their baccalaureate degrees last spring, fewer than 20% had lined up full-time employment by commencement. Indeed, an uncertain job market has precipitated a wave of economic fear and trembling among the young. "Many of my classmates are absolutely terrified", says one of the fortunate few who did manage to land a permanent position. "They wonder if they"ll ever find a job". Some of this recession-induced anxiety will dissipate if a recovery finally begins to generate jobs at what economists consider a normal rate. But the sad fact is that for the foreseeable future, college graduates will be in considerable surplus, enabling employers to require a degree even for jobs for which a college education is really unnecessary. According to Kristina Shelley of the Bureau of Labor Statistics—who bases her estimate on a "moderate projection" of current trends—30 percent of college graduates entering the labor force between now and the year 2005 will be unemployed or will find employment in jobs for which they will be overqualified, joining what economists call the "educationally underutilized". Indeed, it may be quite a while—if ever—before those working temporarily as cocktail waitresses or taxi drivers will be able to pursue their primary career paths. Of course waiting on tables and bustling cab fares are respectable ways to earn a living. But they are not quite what so many young Americans—and their parents—had in mind as the end product of four expensive years in college.

You are going to read an article which is followed by a list of examples or headings. Choose the most suitable one from the list A-F for each numbered position(41-45). There may be certain extra which you do not need to use. (10 points) June was part of a team that had struggled hard to finish a difficult assignment. "I wanted to call it a day and get home as much as anyone," she recalls. But she found herself saying, "I"m sorry, but we need to do some more work on this." Suddenly she was the most unpopular person in the room. No one agreed with her, and some were openly angry that she was rocking the boat. "But I stuck to my guns," she says. "When the report was presented we were commended for picking up on the very thing I said we"d missed. I was right and everyone had to respect that." (41) The popularity trap. Respect versus popularity—it is the old conflict between being professional and being personal. We want to do a good job, but we want to be friends with everyone, too. The truth is, you can"t always be liked if you do your job properly. And the desire to keep everyone happy can become a weakness. (42) At times you have to be tough. Although we would all love to be Ms. Popular at home and in the office, at work the task is not to be liked, but to be effective, says computer sales executive Andrea. (43) Gentle persuasion. The woman who builds her professional edge in this way isn"t condemned to loneliness and isolation. You can be firm without being unpleasant, and being tough doesn"t mean being rude or confrontational. Persuasive and assertive are the watch words. (44) Respect is never given for nothing. Claire knew that she was offered a move to Paris with her finance company because she had gained a reputation for keeping cool under fire. And the next step up the ladder would depend on her performance in Paris. (45) Countdown to respect. Keep your own counsel. Don"t share all your dilemmas. Even if you resolve them you"ll have left the impression that you"re indecisive or unable to cope with pressure.A. "It"s essential to build regard if you"re going to be able to do what you want in your job," she says. Winning respect enhances all you do. A proposal for change is more likely to be well received; an application for a raise or a request for promotion is more likely to succeed.B. "At best," says management consultant Jennie Lumley, "worrying about what others think makes us reactive when we need to be proactive. At worst, we"re so busy playing the office sweetheart that we lose sight of the demands of the job and our needs."C. Pat had to deal with a colleague who had been under long-term stress. "It was a disaster," Pat says. "My colleagues were willing to listen and lend a hand if she needed help. But it was a stumbling block on her career path and she didn"t use the time to lay the groundwork of future respect by being professional."D. This is a particular problem for women professions, Lumley finds. "It"s a childhood hangover. We all long to be the most beautiful girl in school. Also, girls are brought up to try to please. At work, men don"t give a thought to what others think so long as they get their way."E. "This is possibly the single most important lesson we can learn. You can"t always be popular. You shouldn"t have to be; it"s not what you"re there for. Progress depends on having your own ideas and sticking to them. And that means having the courage to make difficult decisions when you have to," she says.F. "To make the right decisions and push them through, you will need the kid glove more often than the boxing glove," Lumley suggests. And a sense of humor is vital.

The last-minute victory of the Texas Longhorns in this year"s Rose Bowl—America"s college football championship—was the kind of thing that stays with fans forever. Just as well, because many had paid vast sums to see the game. Rose Bowl tickets officially sold for $175 each. On the internet, resellers were hawking them for as much as $3,000 a pop. "Nobody knows how to control [this]," observed Mitch Dorger, the tournament"s chief executive. Re-selling tickets for a profit, known less politely as scalping in America or touting in Britain, is booming. In America alone, the "secondary market" for tickets to sought-after events is worth over $10 billion, reckons Jeffrey Fluhr, the boss of StubHub, an online ticket market. Scalping used to be about burly men lurking outside stadiums with fistfuls of tickets. Cries of "Tickets here, tickets here" still ring out before kick off. But the internet has created a larger and more efficient market. Some internet-based ticket agencies, such as tickco, com and dynamiteticketz, com act as traditional scalpers, buying up tickets and selling them on for a substantial mark-up. But others like StubHub have a new business mode—bring together buyers and sellers, and then take a cut. For each transaction, StubHub takes a juicy 25%. Despite its substantial commission—far higher than those charged by other online intermediaries including eBay or Craigslist—StubHub is flourishing. The firm was set up in 2000 and this year"s Rose Bowl was its biggest event ever. The Super Bowl in early February will bring another nice haul, as have U2 and Rolling Stones concerts. Unlike eBay, which is the largest online trader in tickets, StubHub guarantees each transaction, so buyers need not worry about fraud. The company"s revenues, now around $200m, are tripling annually (despite its start in the dotcom bust). And there is plenty more room to grow. Mr. Fluhr notes that the market remains "highly fragmented", with tiny operations still flourishing and newspaper classifieds not yet dead. But there are risks. Some events are boosting prices to cut the resale margins; others are using special measures to crack down. This summer, tickets to the soccer World Cup in Germany will include the name and passport number of the original purchaser and embedded chips that match the buyer to the tickets. Then there are legal worries. In America, more than a dozen states have anti-scalping laws of various kinds. New Mexico forbids the reselling of tickets for college games; Mississippi does so for all events on government-owned property. Such laws are often ignored, but can still bite. In Massachusetts, where reselling a ticket for more than $2 above face value is unlawful, one fan brought a lawsuit last autumn against 16 companies (including StubHub) over his pricey Red Sox tickets.

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) Scientists had until very recently believed that there were around 100,000 human genes, available to make each and every one of us in our splendid diversity. (41)______. So that grand panjandrum, the human, may not manage to boast twice as many genes as that microscopic nowhere—worm, with its 18,000 genes, the nematode. Even the fruit fly, considered so negligible that even the most extreme of animal rights activists don"t kick up a fuss about its extensive use in genetic experimentation, has 16,000 genes. (42)______. Without understanding in the least what the scientific implications of this discovery might be, anybody with the smallest curiosity about people—and that"s pretty much all of us—can see that it is pretty significant. (43)______. Human complexity, on this information, can he Best explained in the manner it looks to be best explained before scientific evidence becomes involved at all. In other words, in the nature versus nurture debate, the answer, thankfully, is "both". (44)______. Nurture does have a huge part to play in human destiny. Love can transform humans. Trust can make a difference. Second chances are worth trying. Life, to a far greater extent than science thought up until now, is what we make it. One day we may know exactly what we can alter and what we cannot. Knowing that there is a great deal that we can alter or improve, as well as a great deal that we must accept and value for its own sake, makes the human journey progressive rather than deterministic, complex and open, rather than simple and unchangeable. For no one can suggest that 30,000 genes don"t give the human race much room for maneuver. Look how many tunes, after all, we"re able to squeeze out of eight notes. But it surely must give the lie to the rather sinister belief that has been gaining credence in the West that there is a hardwired, no-prisoners-taken, gene for absolutely everything and that whole sections of the population can be labeled as "stupid" or "lazy" or "criminal" or somehow or other sub-human. (45)______.A. Instead, like the eight notes which can only make music (albeit in astounding diversity), the 30,000 genes can only make people. The rest is up to us.B. Now, the two rival teams decoding the book life, have each found that instead there are only somewhere between 30,000 and 40,000 genes.C. There"s nothing wrong with our genes: it"s that our modern food supply has given us far too many calories and far more food processing than our bodies evolved to handle.D. The most obvious conclusion to be drawn from the limited number of genes available to programme a human is that biological determination goes so far and no further.E. Why is this so important? Because it should mean that we can accept one another"s differences more easily, and help each other when appropriate.F. Some genes were identified in both of the previous studies, which made the researchers feel pretty sure that they were indeed looking at a gene.G. Not for the first time it has to be admitted that it"s a funny old world, and that we humans are the beings who make it such.

Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? If so, then a new alarm clock could be just for you. The clock, called SleepSmart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits【B1】______you to be in your lightest phase of sleep【B2】______rousing you. Its makers say that should【B3】______you wake up feeling refreshed every morning. As you sleep you pass 【B4】______ a sequence of sleep states—light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—that 【B5】______ approximately every 90 minutes. The point in that cycle at which you wake can【B6】______how you feel later, and may 【B7】______ have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept. Being roused during a light phase【B8】______you are more likely to wake up energetic. SleepSmart【B9】______the distinct pattern of brain waves【B10】______during each phase of sleep, via a headband equipped【B11】______electrodes and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical activity of the wearer' s brain, in much the【B12】______way as some machines used for medical and research【B13】______, and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You【B14】______the clock with the latest time at【B15】______you want to be wakened, and it【B16】______duly wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that. The【B17】______was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island【B18】______a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test. "【B19】______sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of【B20】______to do about it," says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea.

Suppose you are the directing manager of a big firm and you are given a chance to introduce yourself. Please write a formal self-introduction: 1) your gratitude for being given the opportunity, 2) your basic background, 3) your wish for everybody to have a good time. You should write about 100 words.

For almost ten years, Noel Heath and Glenroy Matthew, better known as "Zambo" and "Bobo", have escaped attempts by the United States to extradite them from their homes on the pretty little island of St. Kitts to face charges of cocaine trafficking. Their creative legal team has twice taken the case to the Privy Council in London, still the final appeal court for most of Britain"s former Caribbean colonies. Both times, most recently last November, a panel of British law lords ruled that they should be extradited "with the utmost expedition". "Zambo" and "Bobo" are well-connected in St Kitts. They have lived on bail for a decade, be fore being locked up last month. Their lawyers hit back with a habeas corpus writ, to be heard on January 18th. If that fails, the way is open for officials to put the two on a plane. For reasons of principle, or of friendships in tight-knit communities, or both, Caribbean countries have been reluctant to extradite their own nationals. The Caribbean has also become something of a heaven for foreigners wanted elsewhere in the world. This may now change. The next important test comes in May, when the Privy Council will rule on Samuel "Ninety" Knowles, a Bahamian who has held out since 2000 against a charge by a grand jury in Florida. Procedural complexities and powerful lawyers may still stop extraditions. In September in Belize, Dean Barrow, a lawyer who is also the leader of the parliamentary opposition, hedged an American attempt to extradite a drug suspect. He found mistakes in supporting paperwork, which excluded the use of vital wiretap evidence. Extradition of foreigners, especially to their home country, is often easier. Viktor Kozeny, a Czech-born resident of the Bahamas, has been held in Nassau since October. He is wanted in New York for corruption stemming from the privatisation of Azerbaijan"s oil company, and faces other charges in Prague. Mr. Kozeny will fight hard. His lawyers include Philip Davis, a member of parliament for the governing party and former legal partner of the prime minister. Even so, the authorities seem reluctant to grant bail. Perhaps that is because Mr. Kozeny holds a pilot"s licence and Irish and Venezuelan passports. He was once a diplomat for Grenada. Non-citizens are sometimes simply expelled. Two Belizean women picked up $50,000 each on the Oprah Winfrey Show in October, their reward for spotting an alleged rapist from the United States who was sent home two days later for trial. It is rarely so quick or easy.

My father was quarrelling with the lawyer; the former was cool, and the latter was furious with anger.

Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher"s pipelines. A few have already appeared.【F1】 The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened.【F2】 Scientific creationism, which is being pushed by some for equal time in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard scientific creationism as bad science and bad religion. The first four chapters of Kitcher"s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.【F3】 He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior. Kitcher is philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments.【F4】 The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: This book stands for reason itself.【F5】 And so it does—and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayof160-200wordsinwhichyoushould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbyit,andthen3)giveyourcomments.

The history of responses to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli (1444～1510) suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticelli"s work, admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art. Over the next two centuries, academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellows Florentine, Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors, Botticelli"s work remained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure churches and private homes.) The primary reason for Botticelli"s unpopularity is not difficult to understand: most observers, up until the mid-nineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, because his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of fifteenth-century Florentine art. For example, Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro. Another reason for Botticelli"s unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different from that of his contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, he showed little interest in borrowing from the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of large-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art. In any case, when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticelli"s work to the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine art, his "reputation began to grow. Analyses and assessments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre Raphaelite movement, as well as by the writer Pater (although he, unfortunately, based his assessment on an incorrect analysis of Botticelli"s personality), inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-speaking world. Yet Botticelli"s work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908. Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth-century Florentines features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions, and of the human figure in motion. However, Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in themselves—rather, that he emphasized clear depletion of a story, a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central. Because of Home"s emphasis crucial to any study of art, the twentieth century has come to appreciate Bottieelli"s achievements.

达尔文的思想 ——2008年英译汉及详解 In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but【F1】 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.【F2】 He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.【F3】 On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree."【F4】 He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully." Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: "Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music. "【F5】 Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of other blind people find it difficult to learn that system. They are thereby【C1】______from the world of books and newspapers, having to【C2】______on friends to read aloud to them. A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a computer which is a major【C3】______in providing aid to the【C4】______. His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that【C5】______any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like【C6】______through a speaker. By pressing the appropriate buttons on Cyclops"s keyboard, a blind person can "read" any【C7】______document in the English language. This remarkable invention represents a tremendous【C8】______forward in the education of the handicapped. At present, Cyclops costs $50,000. 【C9】______, Mr. Kurzweil and his associates are preparing a smaller【C10】______improved version that will sell for【C11】______than half that price. Within a few years, Kurzweil【C12】______the price range will be low enough for every school and library to【C13】______one. Michael Hingson, Director of the National Federation for the Blind, hopes that【C14】______will be able to buy home【C15】______of Cyclops for the price of a good television set. Mr. Hingson"s organization purchased five machines and is now【C16】______them in Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, California, and New York. Blind people have been【C17】______in those tests, making lots of【C18】______suggestions to the engineers who helped to produce Cyclops. "This is the first time that blind people have ever done individual studies【C19】______a product was put on the market," Hingson said. Most manufacturers believed that having the blind help the blind was like telling disabled people to teach other disabled people. In that【C20】______the manufacturers have been the blind ones.

BPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information./B

Everybody dances. If you have (1)_____ swerved to avoid stepping on a crack in the sidewalk, you have danced. If you have ever kneeled to pray, you have danced. For these actions have figured importantly (2)_____ the history of dance. Dance goes (3)_____ to the beginnings of civilization—(4)_____ the tribe—where natives danced to get (5)_____ they wanted. Primitive dance was (6)_____ all practical, not the social dancing we know today. Natives approached dance with (7)_____ seriousness as a way to help the tribe in the crucial process (8)_____ survival. Dance was believed to be the (9)_____ direct way to repel locusts, to (10)_____ rain to fall, to insure that a male heir would be born, and (11)_____ guarantee victory in a forthcoming battle. Primitive (12)_____ was generally done by many people moving in the same manner and direction. (13)_____ all dances had leaders, solo dances (14)_____ rare. Much use was made of (15)_____ part of the body. And so (16)_____ were these tribal dances that, if a native (17)_____ miss a single step, he would be put to death (18)_____ the spot. Fortunately, the same rigid (19)_____ that governed the lives of these people do not apply in the (20)_____ relaxed settings of today"s discotheques.

Americans suffer from an overdose of work.【C1】______who they are or what they do, they spend【C2】______time at work than at any time since World War II . In 1950, the US had fewer working hours than any other【C3】______country. Today, it【C4】______every country but Japan, where industrial employees log 2,155 hours a year compared【C5】______1, 951 in the US and 1,603【C6】______West employees. Between 1969 and 1989, employed American【C7】______an average of 138 hours to their yearly work schedules. The work-week【C8】______at about 40 hours, but people are working more weeks each year. 【C9】______paid time off — holidays, vacations, sick leave —【C10】______15 percent in the 1990s. As corporations have【C11】______stiffer competition and slower growth in productivity, they would【C12】______employees to work longer. Cost-cutting layoffs in the 1980s【C13】______the professional and managerial ranks, leaving fewer people to get the job done. In lower-paid occupations【C14】______wages have been reduced, workers have added hours【C15】______overtime or extra jobs to【C16】______their living standard. The government estimates that more than seven million people hold a second job. For the first time, large【C17】______of people say they want to cut【C18】______on working hours, even if it means earning less money. But most employers are【C19】______to let them do so. The government which has stepped back from its traditional【C20】______as a regulator of work time, should take steps to make shorter hours possible.

Knowledge Is Power