Copying Birds May Save Aircraft Fuel Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft. The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape—expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird"s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71 % . When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter. There are, of course, knots to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines. It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes" wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights. As it happens, America"s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country"s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, thought the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War, but Dr Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated. "My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin, "he adds. So he should know.

A young consultant's life is tiring. A【C1】______week starts before dawn on Monday, with a rush to the airport and a【C2】______to wherever the client is based. He can【C3】______to stay in hotels at least three nights a week, gorging on minibar peanuts and gloomily texting a(n) 【C4】______lover. "It's quite【C5】______to spend a year living out of a suitcase," sighs one London-based consultant. So the job【C6】______to "insecure overachievers" —a phrase【C7】______used in the industry—"who are always worried that they haven't done enough work," jokes a consultant Some 60-65% of consultants are recent college-leavers. Most【C8】______out within a few years and take more settled jobs elsewhere in the business world,【C9】______their experience and contacts【C10】______them to slot in several levels above their less-travelled【C11】______. The elite consultancies have offices in big cities, which is where【C12】______young people want to live. The best-paid jobs are in places【C13】______London and New York. Such cities are also where the culture and dating opportunities are richest. Such attitudes are frustrating for firms in Portsmouth or Peoria.【C14】______consultancies benefit from it They【C15】______bright young things in the metropolis and then hire out their brains to firms in the sticks. This is one【C16】______why consultants have to travel so much. The system【C17】______, more or less, for everyone. Firms in the provinces get to【C18】______talent they could not【C19】______hire. And young consultants get to experience life in the real world before returning to the capital to party with their friends at the weekend. They have it all,【C20】______enough sleep.

BPart BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information./B

Resignation Write a letter of about 100 words based on the following situation: You are going to resign from your company for personal reasons. Now write a letter of resignation to your manager. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

Parents'Expectation,Children'sBurdenWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) (41)______. We created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scotland, and Cyrus McCormick, in the United States, produced threshing machines. Ingenious improvements were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting machines were produced. Milking machines appeared. (42)______. (43)______. Between 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the soil to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop weeds; spray devices that can spray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and many others. A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation on the farm. In the United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, "treated for pests and diseases, fertilized, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees, grain and blend feed, and dry grain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray an exact row width, and to count out, space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row. (44)______. Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculture up parts of the tropics, but even today much of that land us laboriously worked by people leading draft animals pulling primitive plows. The problems of mechanization of some areas are not only cultural in nature. For example, tropical soils and crops differ markedly from those in temperate areas that the machines are designed for, so adaptations have to be made. (45)______.A. Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa.B. Only after the adaptations have been accomplished can all the new machines be used in the areas.C. The internal-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power source for the farm.D. But the greatest obstacle to mechanization is the fear in underdeveloped countries that the workers who are displaced by machines would not find work elsewhere. Introducing mechanization into such areas requires careful planning.E. In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of farming.F. The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into.G. After 1850, science and technology came to a new era and developed very fast, many famous scientists born and made great achievements to the mankind.

Personality is to a large extent inherent—A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring.【F1】 But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.【F2】 The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: Rejoice, we conquer! By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well.【F3】 The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's.【F4】 The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values.【F5】 Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.

You have stayed with your friend"s family for a month. Now you are going back home. Write a message to your friend"s family to 1) express your gratitude, 2) show your appreciation of the good days you"ve had together, 3) say goodbye. You should write about 100 words neatly. Don"t sign your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.

When asked specifically about the creative process, Dr. Schutz explained that fear is most responsible for blocking the creativity of a person. Fear of not being creative. Some people simply【C1】______their creativity in specific circumstances【C2】______others in more extreme circumstances feel unable to be creative【C3】______. Either way, the creative process【C4】______becomes blocked. If you"re worried about being creative, it"s almost certain to【C5】______problems. For the best creative results【C6】______fear and let the ideas flow. Fear of lacking rationality. In order to best share ideas with others we need to【C7】______them in a logical and rational way. At times, 【C8】______, it"s best for the creative process to not worry too much about being logical. Trust your ability to come up with a rational【C9】______when your ideas are put into practice and don"t let worrying about logic【C10】______the flow of ideas early on. Fear of humiliation and embarrassment. A fear of feeling inadequate will【C11】______your creativity. When we"re【C12】______worried about other"s opinions, the creative ideas will be 【C13】______by our own anxieties. There is a time to worry about other"【C14】______, but that time is not during the early creative【C15】______ . Fear of rejection. People can be very concerned that their idea will be【C16】______completely. Creativity will not【C17】______if a person is worried about a negative outcome. These fears are【C18】______if a person is working outside of what"s【C19】______considered practical, feasible or possible. The【C20】______ is that this is where some of the best creative ideas come from.

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160—200words.Youressaymustbewrittenclearlyandyouressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1)Firstdescribethepicture,interpretitsmeaning,2)Andthengiveyourcomments.

BSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D./B

When Hurricane Katrina ravaged the U. S. Gulf Coast in 2005, Facebook was the new kid on the block. There was no Twitter for news updates, and the iPhone was not yet on the scene. By the time Hurricane Sandy slammed the eastern seaboard in 2012, social media had become an integral part of disaster response, filling the void in areas where cell phone service was lost while millions of Americans looked to resources including Twitter and Facebook to keep informed, locate loved ones, notify authorities and express support. Researchers have now started publishing data on the use of social media in disasters, and lawmakers and security experts have begun to assess how emergency management can best adapt. The new playbook will not do away with the emergency broadcast system and other government efforts. Rather, it will incorporate new data from researchers, federal agencies and nonprofits that have begun to reveal the exact penetration of social media in disasters. The Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)wrote in its 2013 National Preparedness report that during and immediately following Hurricane Sandy, "users sent more than 20 million Sandy-related Twitter posts, or "tweets," despite the loss of cell phone service during the peak of the storm. " Following the Boston Marathon bombings, one quarter of Americans reportedly looked to Facebook, Twitter and other social networking sites for information. When the Boston Police Department posted its final "CAPTURED!!!" tweet of the manhunt, more than 140,000 people retweeted it. Each disaster sparks its own complex web of fast-paced information exchange. That"s a good thing, says Mark Keim, associate director for science in the Office of Environmental Health Emergencies at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), it can both improve disaster response and allow affected populations to take control of their situation as well as feel empowered. Drawing up an effective social media strategy and tweaking it to fit an emergency, however, is a crucial part of preparedness planning, says disaster sociologist Jeannette Sutton, a senior research scientist at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs who studies social media in crises and disaster. For the Boston Marathon incident, she found no consistent hash tag on Twitter, which can make tracking relevant information difficult. Even searching for the word "Boston" may fall short, she says, because it could lead to unrelated matter like Boston tourism or fail to capture relevant tweets that did not include the word Boston. As part of disaster preparedness, she says, it would be useful to teach the public how to use social media effectively, how to get information from the Web and also how to put out useful information. All the fast-paced information available via social media does pose inherent risks when navigating emergency situations. One is the rapid spread of misinformation—as was the case after the Boston bombings with the identification of a missing man as a possible suspect. Although mistakes often get fixed via the "Wikipedia effect," in which other users correct the errors, Sutton notes that false information can easily go viral. Another key risk is scammers using social media to steal cash. The FBI has warned that social media can also be a lucrative platform for scam artists that crop up in the wake of tragedy. After the Newtown, Conn. , school shooting, for example, the FBI arrested a woman who allegedly claimed to be the relative of a dead victim and solicited money via Facebook and other sources.

Stratford-on-Avon,as we all know,has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company(RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare MemorialTheatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway' s Cottage, Shakespeare' s birthplace and the other sights. The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC' s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It' s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making. The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don't usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town' s revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. The townsfolk don't see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally . Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.)The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford's most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike(though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m..

Euthanasia can be either active or passive: (46) Active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical personnel take a deliberate action that will induce death, such as administering an overdose of morphine, insulin, or barbiturates, followed by an injection of curare. Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment, or suspending treatment that has begun. Examples of passive euthanasia include taking patient off a respirator (a breathing apparatus) or removing other life-support systems. Stopping the food supply—usually intravenous feeding to comatose patients—has also been used. A good deal of the controversy about mercy killing stems from the decision-making process. Who decides if a patient is to die? This issue has not been established legally. (47) In the United States the matter is left to state law, which usually allows the physician in charge to suggest the option of death to a patient"s relatives, especially if the patient is brain-dead. In an attempt to make decisions about when their own lives should end, several terminally ill patients in the early 1990s used a controversial suicide device, developed by Dr. Jack Kevorkian, to end their lives. In parts of Europe, the decision-making process has become very flexible. (48) Even in cases that are not terminal, patients have been put to death without their consent at the request of relatives or at the insistence of physicians. Many capes of involuntary euthanasia in valve older people. Newborn infants suffering from incurable conditions are also routinely allowed to die. The principle underlying this practice is that such individuals have a concept that "life not worthy of life". This concept was devised in Germany during the Nazi regime (1933-45), when numerous killings of the aged, mentally iii, handicapped, and others were authorized by the state. In countries where involuntary euthanasia is not legal, the court systems have proved very lenient in dealing with medical personnel who practice it. (49) Courts have also been somewhat lenient with friends or relatives who have assisted terminally ill patients to die or who have, in some cases, killed them directly. Medical advances in recent decades have made it possible to keep terminally ill people alive far beyond any hope of recovery or improvement. For this reason the "living will" has come into common use in the United States as part of the right-to-die principle. (50) Most states now legally allow the making of such wills that instruct hospitals and physicians to suspend treatment in hopeless cases or to re fuse futile life-support measures when chances of recovery are nonexistent. The 20th-century euthanasia movement began in England in 1935, with the founding of the Voluntary Euthanasia Legislation Society. In the United States the Society for the Right to Die was founded in 1938.

[A]Make sure all your strengths are shown [B]A positive outlook is crucial [C]Focus more on delivery rather than giving unprepared replies [D]Listen less, speak more [E]Just checking out a company website is not enough [F]Review and follow up [G]It' s not a solo performance: aim for a warm dialogue Becoming an exceptional candidate is something you can do:it's just that most people don't take the trouble. In my experience, most interviews don't go that well. The truth is that many recruiters are actually not particularly good at interviewing either nor particularly effective. So, if you prepare properly and are a good interviewee, the odds can be stacked in your favour. 【R1】______ It's not just a question of researching the organisation. You need to understand your interviewer and why they are hiring. One way or another they are seeking a resource as a solution to an identified problem. So work on understanding the organisational need and how you can add value. Look at the challenges and opportunities they face and work out how to show that your experience and expertise are relevant. Use your network to gather all the intelligence you can. 【R2】______ Rehearse your presentation. I don't necessarily mean being word perfect. I'm talking about what you say when anyone asks you what you do, why you left, what you have achieved and so on. Can you talk about yourself comfortably, with confidence, concisely with clarity? Practice so that you have the right words, don't get flustered, talk at the right pace and, crucially, know when to stop. Remember the need for consistency between words and body language. 【R3】______ People trained in interview techniques are told to use the 70/30 rule. That is to say the interviewer aims to talk for about 30% of the time allotted and the candidate talks 70% of the time, in response. The smart candidate actually wants a 50/50 dialogue. You should aim for a conversation, directed along the lines you prefer—whereby you can play to your strengths. The interviewer can only go with what you give them. Make it easy for the interviewer by saying "Have I told you all you need to know on that subject? Can I give you more detail?" Build rapport, find some common ground. But remember it's not a monologue , you are both actors in the interview. 【R4】______ Henry Ford famously said "If you think you can do a thing or think you can't do a thing, you're right". You're motivated, you've done the prep and have the drive to succeed so visualise success. Whether you call it confidence, self-esteem or self-belief, to shine at interview you need to show that you will make a good employee. Show that you are good at interacting and reading your situation, good at selling yourself and your ideas. Practicing your interview technique will make it so much easier to shine. There' s no need to be nervous if you believe you are a good candidate for the role. 【R5】______ After the interview send a letter. Thank them for seeing you. Reiterate how interested you are in them and the role. Review the key points of the interview when you discussed challenges and opportunities and outline how you can help them meet those. No guarantees but if you work at it you'll become a better interviewee and give yourself an advantage in a tough economic climate.

We may think we know the revealing signs of lying, be it shifty eyes or nervous behaviors. Professional interrogators look for such tells, too, assuming a suspect"s nervousness betrays his guilt But interrogation can unsettle even the innocent, so nervousness alone cannot distinguish liars from truth tellers. Scientists looking for better ways to detect lies have found a promising one:increasing suspects" "cognitive load." For a host of reasons, their theory goes, lying is more mentally taxing than telling the truth. Performing an extra task while lying or telling the truth should therefore affect the liars more. To test this idea, deception researchers led by psychologist Aldert Vrij of the University of Portsmouth in England asked one group to he convincingly and another group to tell the truth about a staged theft scenario that only the truth tellers had experienced.A second pair of groups had to do the same but with a crucial twist: both the liars and the truth tellers had to maintain eye contact while telling their stories. Later, as researchers watched videotapes of the suspects" accounts, they tallied verbal signs of cognitive load (such as fewer spatial details in the suspects" stories) and nonverbal ones (such as fewer eyeblinks). The eyeblinks are particularly interesting because whereas rapid blinking suggests nervousness, fewer blinks are a sign of cognitive load, Vry explains—and contrary to what police are taught, liars tend to blink less. Although the effect was subtle, the instruction to maintain eye contact did magnify the differences between the truth tellers and the liars. So do these differences actually make it easier for others to distinguish liars from truth tellers? They do—but although students watching the videos had an easier time spotting a liar in the eye-contact condition, their accuracy rates were still poor. Any group differences between liars and truth tellers were dwarfed by differences between individual participants. For example, some people blink far less than others whether or not they are lying—and some are simply better able to carry a higher cognitive load. All this makes it hard to put the study"s findings into practice—especially out in the field, where the people most likely to lie are those who are good at lying. "In the real world, there"s no Pinocchio-like cue that distinguishes liars from truth tellers," says study co-author Ronald Fisher of Florida International University. Magnifying subtle differences may be the next best thing.

You are required to write a job application. Your letter should be based on the following points: 1. apply for the position of production coordinator; 2. describe your education background; 3. state your relevant work experience. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

[A]Use commute time [B]Make conversations about your artwork a priority [C]Read before you fall asleep [D]Carry a notepad and pen about [E]Take notes whenever ideas come [F]Talk about yourself as much as possible [G]Don' t underestimate thinking time Most of us will have days or weeks when we can't make as much stuff as we 'd like. Things get busy, we have jobs, families and lives which means occasionally you'll be out of time to sit down and make art. There are some simple tips you can try to maximize the thinking and considering time that can help fuel your creative work. 【R1】______ This is a classic subconscious-employing trick, used a lot for when you really need to study and remember material. If you want to think more about your artwork, read about it just before you fall asleep. Studies show that your brain remembers more and thinks subconsciously about the information you process just before going into rapid eye movement(REM)sleep. If you're reading a book on creativity you really want to digest, this is a great strategy to help stimulate your own creative process. 【R2】______ Take notes. Lots of notes. No matter what time of day(or night). Give keeping a notepad and pen beside your bed, and always carry one in your handbag or pocket. Some strategies you could try are making lists of future or potential artwork. Taking notes can be valuable in their offhanded, indiscriminate format—sometimes they're not important or playful, and sometimes they can be tiny seeds of gold. 【R3】______ Get rid of the guilt around talking about yourself too much. It can really help to regularly make the effort to speak about what you' ve been working on. There' s a learning curve that comes out of forcing yourself to name things. Set up catch-ups or phone calls with other artists to check in with each other regarding your work. Hopefully these conversations can happen with family and friends or co-workers, and can be used as an artistic compass to check you are on course, on the whole, with making work. 【R4】______ Use the time you're driving, on the train, or commuting to and from work to your advantage. Read, listen, think, make lists, or mentally check off your progress. I know artists who use commute time to meditate and reflect on themselves, which is another interesting strategy to try. Using commute time means that when you do sit down to create work, you' ve often done the heavy thinking and are ready to dive into the practical, hands-on work. 【R5】______ When you're not making artwork, make time to simply think. It seems like many artworks are made after months(or even years)of living inside your own head. Whether you' re at work, walking pets, or doing the dishes, using this time to think hard about your artwork can pay off greatly. You can often surprise yourself with how much progress you can make if you clock the thinking hours. Realizing that this was a thing that was one of the most helpful and insightful lessons I learned as an artist. Thinking time is time well spent.

Nearly a third of all American workers regularly put in more than 40 hours of work a week, according to Penn State economist Lonnie Golden. And almost 1 in 5 routinely work more than 50 hours a week. (46) "The damage done by involuntary overtime becomes apparent in a recent Cornell University survey," the economist notes. "Workers reporting high pressure to work overtime experienced double the work injuries suffered by those who were not." (47) Apart from not demanding unwarranted overtime work, employers can help ease some tensions between jobs and families by adopting flexible policies (like job-sharing, flextime, and home-based work) that make it easier for workers to meet both job and family needs. Not surprisingly, American workers strongly support such flexible practices. In fact, a national poll by Wirthlin Worldwide found a resounding 87 percent of Americans agree that, (48) "Businesses should voluntarily do more to help strengthen their employees" marriages by offering flex-time/job sharing/home-based work options." Far from being "giveaway" programs, family-friendly workplace policies actually lower career burnout, reduce job turnover, ease interpersonal conflict and enhance worker productivity. In other words, flexible work policies are good for the bottom line. (49) William Pollack of Harvard University reports raising employee satisfaction by 20 percent sometimes boosts company financial performance more than 40 percent. A recent DePaul University study, found the financial performance of the "100 Best Corporate Citizens of 2002" was "significantly better" than the average company listed among the S＆P 500. This year"s top honoree in Fortune magazine"s "List of Best Places to Work"—Smuckers—has doubled its stock value in the last five years. In a healthy society, employment should enhance family life, not impede it. (50) As the technology and communications revolutions continue reshaping the American workplace, the time has come for a new workplace revolution to build on the one Upton Sinclair and others helped usher in a century ago. This new revolution will enable more family-oriented workers to meet both their personal and their professional responsibilities.