Mark decided to go on a long, long trip away from these troubles.

【F1】 As any parents of a young child who is a problem sleeper will confirm, permanent tiredness and constant irritability can put a huge strain on your relationship. In fact, according to a survey, lack of sleep is a big factor in divorce and separation for a third of couples. 【F2】 Ahead of a new series on the subject, a poll carried out for Channel 4 suggests the average parent surveyed got fewer than six hours of sleep a night, which also found that three in 10 couples who had split up said sleep deprivation since having their child was a factor in the breakup. Nearly 45% said they had dozed off in a place they shouldn"t have or was unsafe, with one in 20 admitting to falling asleep at the wheel of their car. Children waking throughout the night, as well as the struggle to get children off to bed at a respectable hour, were equally important issues for parents. Nearly half of the 2, 000 people questioned said getting their child to sleep at a consistent time was a nightly battle.【F3】 Around 11% admitted to pretending to be asleep in the night so that their partner was forced to deal with a crying child, while 11% said they had shut the door and 9% said they had turned up the TV to block out the noise of a sobbing child. A fifth of parents blamed the fact that their child had a television in their room for their failure to fall asleep. 【F4】 But psychologist Tanya Byron, who is among a panel of experts taking part in the series, Bedtime Live, which will allow people to call in via video to the show and ask for help, said it wasn"t about blaming parents—rather that family downtime was being eroded by the demands of work and the attraction of technologies, and that sleep was being lost as a result. Sleep deprivation in adults was also a worry, she said, pointing to tests done on the sleep-deprived mothers. Those without sleep were just as dangerous as those who had been drinking. One woman drove 100 metres with her eyes closed.【F5】 What we have to remember is that fundamentally we are beings who run on circadian rhythms and we are just putting our brains under constant stress if we can" t get our sleep.

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)A. A BBC television series has raised the question of whether cats should be kept indoors at night. Wildlife experts say keeping cats locked up from dusk to dawn will prevent much of the carnage they create, and will also mean they are less likely to be run over. Mammal expert Professor Steve Harris, from Bristol University, said, "The message is clear, most people are heartily sick of having their neighbors" cats in their gardens".B. Even today, some view the black cat as an omen of misfortune. Even the English language is stacked against the moggy. Spiteful people are dubbed as being "catty". A raucous cry is a "caterwaul". At work, a greedy, lazy boss is a "fat cat".C. A new survey in the UK indicates that cats come second only to rats as the latest favorite, mammal to visit our gardens. The UK"s 10 million cats have had it rough of late, drawing harsh criticism because of their bloodlust and habit of viewing the nation"s gardens as their own personal toilets.D. Though the animals are the UK"s favorite pets, British gardeners have struck back by crowning the cat as one of the most unwelcome visitors to their plots—voting them only slightly more popular than rats in the new poll.E. The Mammal Society, which conducted the survey says cats cut a swathe through the nation"s wildlife, killing around 300 million animals every year. "Cats are solitary predatory hunter. People ask why they kill when they are clearly well-fed—but a cat"s motivation to hunt is quite separate from its desire to satisfy hunger. "Even with a full stomach, a cat cannot resist the stimuli of prey passing nearby", says Ms. Heath, author of Why Does My Cat. "It doesn"t make sense for a cat to wait until it"s hungry to catch food—there may be none around then. Better to hunt when there"s the opportunity and hide the food away."F. But, to be fair, the British can"t hate cats that much. A recent report found that the generosity of the British towards the cat has caused one in four of the creatures to become clinically obese.G. Britain"s gardeners have revealed one of their greatest pet hates—other people"s cats. Okay, they"re sadistic murderers, but is it fair that cats have been rated as being as detestable as rats in a poll of British gardeners?Order: G is the first paragraph and F is the last one.

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) The acronym DINK—double income, no kids—originated in the US in the 1960s. (41)______. This choice was not irrational. After all, nowadays retired people can live on their pensions and savings, so they are no longer compelled to depend on their offspring in old age. And a child is undeniably an expensive proposition: so much time and money are required. Why bother having one? It is hard to condemn those who opt out of parenthood. And in China their decisions are perfectly in keeping with the drive to limit population growth. (42)______. A baby enters the world with a mind like blank paper, and gradually he or she acquires the ability to think, to talk and finally to communicate easily. Isn"t there something magical about it? When you see the process happening before your very eyes, you feel a happiness like no other. A Chinese DINK said to me recently, "If you didn"t have three children, you could go to a bar or the cinema with your wife on weekends—how unrestrained and romantic that would be!, But I would say that no matter how wonderful Hollywood films or Broadway performances are, watching them is far less interesting than seeing my extrovert of a daughter sing and dance. If it"s true that there are rewards to be gotten from having children, then surely the happiness of seeing them grow up is the greatest. (43)______. But this is a happiness that can be felt only after you become a parent; there"s no appreciating it otherwise. However, who begets a child out of curiosity to see him or hex grow up? None of my friends had this in mind when they or their wife got pregnant. For some the pregnancy was unexpected. (44)______. And some said that having a child can bring stability to a troubled marriage—but is that really true? I myself didn"t give it much thought. I just assumed it was the natural thing to do, and since my wife enjoyed big, cheerful, lively families, we went ahead end had three kids. No regrets. I know my words won"t change any minds. (45)______. No, raising a child is not easy. The happiness of seeing a child grow, in contrast, is largely in the mind of the parents, end other people cannot so readily perceive it. Little wonder, then, that so many people without children believe parenthood is all work end no fun.A. What DINKs say is obviously true: children really do require lots of parental energy and money. Just watch a mother bring a sick child to a hospital; you can see the tension, the worry, and all the self-control it takes to seem calm and reassuring.B. Another Chinese friend of mine complained: "I provided the funds for my child to go to collage and then off to America for a master"s degree, but so far I haven"t gotten any rewards out of playing parent". To him I would say that the rewards were there all along—for any parent open to the wonder of seeing a child begin to speak, or surprise us with a new word used for the first time.C. Fearing that children might constrain their freedom, married working women began to avoid pregnancy; the result was many busy, prosperous young DINK couples.D. Each individual has his or her own reasons for wanting or not waning children, and his or her own happiness to build. The saddest people are those who have children but come to regret it, for whatever reason. Regretful parents axe usually closed to family happiness. And without the happiness, all that remain are the burdens.E. Yet few couples with children would agree that they were stupid to become parents. Most are very happy that they have had the experience of witnessing a child grow to maturity.F. My wife end I have three small children. Chinese friends often ask why three children, not one or none: Doesn"t raising three children limit my career in business and in my wife"s case, teaching?G. Others had parents eager to have grandchildren. A few said they had children because a person"s life would be incomplete without one. Some said that there were millions and millions of children in the world and they just wanted to see what theirs would be like.

Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman masculine position appears to lack the "masculine" qualities required. This is tree even in politics. "When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently," says Anne Bow man, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions1-5,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyplaced.[A]Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.Youcan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.[B]Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducatedpersonshouldpossess.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata"generaleducation"shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,"thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenread"—theyformasortofsocialglue.[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.ThisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor"sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudentsrequirefewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeoftheses-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.[D]OnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.[E]Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversitieshaveprofessionalizedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmericanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalization,arguesMrMenand,isthat"theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecializationaretransmissiblebutnottransferable."Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.[F]Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthewayinwhich"theproducersofknowledgeareproduced."Otherwise,academicswillcontinuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateandcriticize."Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedtobecomelessexclusionaryandmoreholistic."Yetquitehowthathappens,MrMenanddoesnotsay.[G]ThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookTheMarketplaceofIdeas:ReformandResistanceintheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanUniversities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.

【F1】 Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift, nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education.【F2】 Mr. McWhorter"s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom", for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. 【F3】 But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing," has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care.【F4】 As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including nonstandard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. 【F5】 Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English "on paper plates instead of china." A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.

BSection II Reading Comprehension/B

A few years back, many hospitals in America were embarrassed by revelations that some of their neediest patients, the uninsured, were being charged the most. These patients were getting slammed with the full list price for health care while those with insurance got negotiated discounts. The outcry prompted congressional hearings and state inquiries. All not-for-profit hospitals in Illinois have adopted voluntary guidelines, set by the Illinois Hospital Association, to dole out free or discounted care. But Illinois attorney general Lisa Madigan says that"s not nearly enough. Madigan announced recently that most Illinois hospitals spend less than 1 percent on charitable care. She proposed that hospitals be required by law to spend at least 8 percent of their operating costs on charity: free health care, community clinics. This is a terrible idea. For starters—amazing as this may sound—Madigan hasn"t calculated how much this law would cost hospitals. No overall cost, nor the cost to any single hospital in the state. The Illinois Hospital Association says her bill would require 133 hospitals to spend $739 million more a year on charity care. That, the IHA says, would push 45 of those hospitals into the red, and 28 hospitals that already operate at a loss would be pushed closer to bankruptcy. Madigan disputes those figures. How did Madigan settle on the magic 8 percent? She cites her office"s investigation of hospitals and a task force she convened. But the task force didn"t issue a report and may never do so. She all but acknowledges that her claim that Illinois hospitals provide a miserly 1 percent in charitable care isn"t the whole story. That figure excludes much of what hospitals absorb, including the gap between what they spend on Medicaid patients and what they receive for that care. The IHA argues convincingly that mandating a high percentage of revenues to be spent on free care ignores the reality that many hospitals operate in the red. Draining more money would weaken hospitals—and encourage cost-cutting in nursing care, equipment or other essentials. Why are we talking about charitable giving by hospitals, as opposed to muffler shops, fast-food restaurants or beauty salons? Because most hospitals are tax-exempt by law: They don"t pay any federal, state or local taxes. In return, they"re required to provide services to the needy. But the law doesn"t say exactly how much. So they do have a charitable obligation. And some hospitals—even some not-for-profit hospitals— have hefty revenues. It"s useful to see how much they"re giving back to their communities. But the hospitals also have an obligation to stay solvent. No one profits when a hospital closes its doors. Madigan"s proposed mandate carries too much risk.

BPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D./B

There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. 【F1】 But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people "generalists." 【F2】 And these "generalists" are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people' s work, to begin it and judge it. The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a "trained" man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist—and especially the administrator—deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an "educated" man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. 【F3】 Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator, and very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. 【F4】 It is your task to find out, during your training period, one of the two kinds of jobs into which you fit, and to plan your career accordingly. Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you—but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. 【F5】 At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.

Your former student Fang Gang will go to Chicago for post-graduate studies, and you are kind to write an introduction letter to your friend Mr. Wang in Chicago to tell him:1. Fang"s information;2. the reason for introduction;3. hope for meeting. You should write about 100 words, do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Tang" instead. You do not need to write the address.

After the terrorist attacks in America last September, terrorist risk became the pariah of perils. The airline industry was most directly affected by the attacks, and it was the first to find that no one wanted to insure terrorist risk. Insurance companies immediately increased premiums and cut cover for airlines" third-party terror and war liabilities to $50m per airline, per "event". Under pressure from airlines, the American government and the members of the European Union agreed to become insurers of last resort for airlines" war and terrorist liabilities, for a limited period. These government guarantees are due to expire at the end of the month. The American government has already agreed to extend its guarantee for another 60 days. The EU"s transport ministers are meeting next week in Brussels to decide what to do. Insurers and re-insurers are keen for the commercial market to resume the provision of all airline insurance as soon as possible. No wonder: The premiums for such cover have inevitably increased considerably. However, in the case of terrorism, and especially of terrorism in the skies, a number of special factors arise. Some are purely practical: a disaster as sudden and unforeseen as the attacks on the World Trade Center has had destructive effects on the insurance industry. The maximum cover for third-party terrorist risk available in the primary aviation market is now $50m, and that is not nearly enough cover risks that are perceived to be much higher since September 11th. Even if the market could offer sufficient cover, another catastrophe on such a scale would be more than the market could cope with. In addition, a rare and devastating risk of a political nature is arguably one that it is right for governments to cover, at least in part. In the wake of attacks by Irish terrorists the British government has recognized this point by agreeing to back a mutual fund to cover risks to property from terrorist attack. In the case of the airlines, the appropriate answer is some form of mutual scheme with government backing. In fact, under the code-name "Equitime", representatives of airlines, insurers and the American government are setting up an insurance vehicle to be financed by airlines and reinsured by the government. Governments would guarantee the fund"s excess risk, but their role would diminish as the fund grew. Setting something up will take time, so, to bridge the gap, governments will have to remain insurer of last resort for airlines" war and terrorist risk for some time to come.

Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today" s young people, it naturally follows that today" s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs.

BSection II Reading Comprehension/B

The technological revolutions of the last two decades have placed a severe burden on the concept of technology transfer. It is quite clear that the concept has serious limitations; with time, it is not at all clear that its methods have improved or its result progressed. 【F1】 The underlying assumption in "technology transfer" is that the application of new discoveries to the development of new technology through the developed countries produces results which are applicable to underdeveloped countries. Although this assumption has never really been put to a true global test, it is through now clear that this can not be the main means of technological progress in developing areas such as Africa South East Asian and Latin America, irrespective of its possible utility elsewhere.【F2】 The question is whether such an outcome is inevitable and inherent in the process or whether it merely reflects the shortage of resources and improper management. It is my contention that "technology transfer" as a vehicle of progress for the developing countries is irreparably flawed and cannot succeed. 【F3】 The fundamental flaw is that "technology transfer" is cast in the die of a colonial process where through developed countries do things in ways that they find acceptable for their former colonies, the developing countries. Whether the development process is carried out through citizens of the recipient nation or not is irrelevant; the philosophy upon which "technology transfer" is based, beginning with training and ending with application, is composed of a set of socioculturally and economically determined values within the institutionalized fabric of science, which select the questions found to be meaningful, dictate the preferred research plans and evaluate the significance only of the results obtained. Clearly, technology based on the set of determinants is not likely to be very relevant to the vastly different economic and sociocultural conditions of developing countries. It will hardly get to the needs of the developing countries, perhaps even serving to slow progress.【F4】 This situation must be replaced through a new process which might be called "basic knowledge transfer" as part of growth of a forefront science in the developing countries. This approach contains the following features: Given full access to new scientific discovery at the cutting edge of science, that is, at the region of high intensity transfer from basic to applied knowledge, the scientists of developing countries can create their own technology transfer from basic to applied. Scientists in the developing countries, in active dialogue with other elements such as government, community and industry, can identify and prioritize problems and develop a practical situation.【F5】 The problem of internal "technology transfer" will require for each country or region a suitable number of trained scientific specialists; means for maintaining the competency of these leaders will need to be developed through each nation or region.

Public image refers to how a company is viewed by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders, by the financial community, by the communities【B1】______it operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable 【B2】______ considerable extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are. A firm' s public image plays a vital role in the 【B3】______ of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders【B4】______stockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials, as well as【B5】______special groups. With some things it is impossible to【B6】______all the diverse publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the approval of creditors and stockholders, 【B7】______it will undoubtedly find【B8】______from employees who see their jobs 【B9】______. On the other hand, high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval,【B10】______low quality products and【B11】______claims would be widely looked down upon. A firm's public image, if it is good, should be treasured and protected. It is a valuable【B12】______that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has learned a quality image, this is not easily【B13】______or imitated by competitors. Such an image may enable a firm to【B14】______higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most【B15】______creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firm's stock to command higher price-earnings【B16】______than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image. A number of factors affect the public image of a corporation.【B17】______include physical【B18】______, contacts of outsiders【B19】______company employees, product quality and dependability, prices【B20】______to competitors, customer service, the kind of advertising and the media and programs used, and the use of public relations and publicity.

The clean-energy business is turning into the next big investment boom, in which risks are lightly ignored. Until recently, recalls Charlie Gay, a 30-year veteran of the solar-power business, venture capitalists were far too busy catering to captains of the information-technology industry to waste time on "hippy-dippy tree-huggers" like himself. But now the tree-huggers are in the ascendant and the IT barons are busy investing in clean-energy technology. Investors are falling over themselves to finance start-ups in clean technology, especially in energy. Venture Business Research reckons that investment in the field by venture capitalists and private-equity firms has quadrupled in the past two years, from some $500m in 2004 to almost $2 billion so far this year. The share of venture capital going into clean energy is rising rapidly. Clean-energy fever is being fuelled by three things: high oil prices, fears over energy security and a growing concern about global warming. The provision of energy, the industry"s cheerleaders say, will change radically over the coming decades. Polluting coal- and gas-fired power stations will give way to cleaner alternatives such as solar and wind; fuels derived from plants and waste will replace petrol and diesel; and small, local forms of electricity generation will replace big power stations feeding far-flung grids. Eventually, it is hoped, fuel cells running on hydrogen will take the place of the internal combustion engine which is available everywhere. It is a bold vision, but if it happens very slowly, or only to a limited extent, boosters argue that it will still prompt tremendous growth for firms in the business. Analysts confidently predict the clean-energy business will grow by 20-30% a year for a decade. Jefferies, an investment bank that organized a recent conference on the industry in London, asked participants how soon solar power would become competitive with old-fashioned generation technologies: in 2010, 2015 or 2020. About three-quarters of those present, one visitor happily observed, were " cheque-writers ". This "megatrend", the keynote speaker advocated, "may be the biggest job- and wealth-creation opportunity of the 21st century." Such exaggeration might remind people of dotcom bubble. But clean-energy advocates insist growth is sustainable because of the likes of Mr. Schwarzenegger. The Governor is a hero in green circles because of his enthusiasm for environmental regulation. He easily won re-election partly because he seized on global warming as a concern and signed into law—America"s first wide-ranging scheme to cap greenhouse-gas emissions.

You got an invitation to take part in a wedding ceremony. Writer a letter declining the invitation which should include: (1) the purpose of writing this letter; (2) the reasons for your absence; (3) your good wishes to the couple. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

[A]Analyzing your own taste. [B]Being cautious when experimenting. [C]Finding a model to follow. [D]Getting the final look absolutely right. [E]Learning to be realistic. [F]Making regular conscious choices. [G]How to judge people. When we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look. And, of course it"s something that works both ways, for we too are beingjudged on our appearance. When we look good, we feel good, which in turn leads to a more confident and self-assured manner. People then pick up on this confidence and respond positively towards us. Undoubtedly, it" s what" s inside that"s important, but sometimes we can send out the wrong signals simply by wearing inappropriate clothing or not spending enough time thinking about how others see us. 【C1】______ For example, people often make the mistake of trying to look like someone else they"ve seen in a magazine, but this is usually a disaster as we all have our own characteristics. Stand in front of a full-length mirror and be honest with yourself about what you see. There is no need to dwell on your faults—we all have good points and bad points—but think instead about the best way to emphasize the good ones. 【C2】______ When selecting your clothes each day, think about who you "re likely to meet, when you"re going to be spending most of your time and what tasks you are likely to perform. Clearly, some outfits will be more appropriate to different sorts of activity and this will dictate your choice to an extent. However, there"s no need to abandon your individual taste completely. After all, if you dress to please somebody else"s idea of what looks good, you may end up feeling uncomfortable and not quite yourself. 【C3】______ But to know your own mind, you have to get to know yourself. What do you truly feel good in? There are probably a few favorite items that you wear a lot—most people wear 20 percent of their wardrobe 80 percent of the time. Look at these clothes and ask yourself what they have in common. Are they neat and tidy, loose and flowing? Then look at the things hanging in your wardrobe that you don" t wear and ask yourself why. Go through a few magazines and catalogues and mark the things that catch your eye. Is there a common theme? 【C4】______ Some colors bring your natural coloring to life and others can give us a washed-out appearance. Try out new colors by all means, but remember that dressing iii bright color when you really like subtle neutral tones, or vice versa, will make you feel self-conscious and uncomfortable. You know deep down where your own taste boundaries lie. And although it" s good to challenge those sometimes with new combinations or shades, take care not to go too far all at once. 【C5】______ So, you"ve chosen an outfit that matches your style, your personality, your shape and your coloring. But does it fit? If something is too tight or too loose, you won" t achieve the desired effect, and no matter what other qualities it has, it won "t improve your appearance or your confidence. Sometimes, we buy things without thinking. Some people who dislike shopping grab the first thing they see, or prefer to use mail-order or the Internet. In all cases, if it doesn"t fit perfectly, don"t buy it, because the finer details are just as important as the overall style. Reappraising your image isn "t selfish because everyone who comes into contact with you will benefit. You " 11 look better and you " 11 feel a better person all round. And If in doubt, you only need to read Professor Albert Mehrabian" s book Silent Messages to remind yourself how important outward appearances are. His research showed that the impact we make on each other depend 55 percent on how we look and behave, 38 percent on how we speak and only 7 percent on what we actually say. So, whatever stage you are at in your life, whatever role you play, isn" t it time you made the most of yourself?