单选题 People often wonder why historians go to so much trouble to preserve millions of books, documents and records of the past. Why do we have libraries? What{{U}} (1) {{/U}}are these documents and the{{U}} (2) {{/U}}books? Why do we{{U}} (3) {{/U}}and save the actions of men, the negotiations of statesmen and the{{U}} (4) {{/U}}of armies? Because, sometimes, the voice of experience can{{U}} (5) {{/U}}us to stop, look and listen. And because, sometimes, past records, {{U}}(6) {{/U}}interpreted, can give us{{U}} (7) {{/U}}of what to do and what not to do. If we are to create{{U}} (8) {{/U}}peace forever, we must seek{{U}} (9) {{/U}}origins in human experience and in the record of human{{U}} (10) {{/U}}. From the story of the endurance, courage and{{U}} (11) {{/U}}of men and women, we create the inspiration of youth. From stories of the Christian men, right down to Budapest's heroic men of today, history records the suffering, the self-denial, the loyalty and the heroic{{U}} (12) {{/U}}of men. Surely from these records there can come help to mankind in our{{U}} (13) {{/U}}and perplexities, and in our yearnings{{U}} (14) {{/U}}peace. The{{U}} (15) {{/U}}purpose of history is a better world. History gives a warning to those who would{{U}} (16) {{/U}}war. History{{U}} (17) {{/U}}inspiration to those who seek peace. {{U}}(18) {{/U}}, history helps us learn. Yesterday's records can keep us from{{U}} (19) {{/U}}yesterday's mistakes. And from the pieces of mosaic assembled by historians come tile great printings{{U}} (20) {{/U}}represent the progress of mankind.

单选题 The cellphone, a device we have lived with for more than a decade, offers a good example of a popular technology's unforeseen side effects. More than one billion are{{U}} (1) {{/U}}use around the world, and when asked, their{{U}} (2) {{/U}}say they love their phones for the safety and convenience{{U}} (3) {{/U}}provide. People also report that they are{{U}} (4) {{/U}}in their use of their phones. One opinion survey{{U}} (5) {{/U}}that "98 percent of Americans say they move away from{{U}} (6) {{/U}}when talking on a wireless phone in public"{{U}} (7) {{/U}}"86 percent say they 'never' or 'rarely' speak{{U}} (8) {{/U}}wireless phones" when conducting{{U}} (9) {{/U}}with clerks or bank tellers. Clearly, there exists a{{U}} (10) {{/U}}between our reported cellphone behavior and our actual behavior. Cellphone users that is to say, most of us are{{U}} (11) {{/U}}instigators and victims of this form of conversational panhandling, and it{{U}} (12) {{/U}}a cumulatively negative effect on social space. As the sociologist Erving Gotfman observed in another{{U}} (13) {{/U}}, there is something deeply disturbing about people who are"{{U}} (14) {{/U}}contact" in social situations because they are blatantly refusing to{{U}} (15) {{/U}}to the norms of their immediate environment. Placing a cellphone call in public instantly transforms the strangers around you{{U}} (16) {{/U}}unwilling listeners who must cede to your use of the public{{U}} (17) {{/U}}. a decidedly undemocratic effect for so democratic a technology. Listeners don't always passively{{U}} (18) {{/U}}this situation: in recent years, people have been pepper-sprayed in movie theaters,{{U}} (19) {{/U}}from concert halls and deliberately rammed with cars as a result of{{U}} (20) {{/U}}behavior on their cellphones.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Under pressure from animal welfare groups, two national science teachers associations have adopted guidelines that ban classroom experiments harming animals. The National Association of Biology Teachers and the National Science Teachers Association hope to end animal abuse in elementary and secondary schools and, in turn, discourage students from mishandling animals in home experiments and science fair projects. Animal welfare groups are apparently most concerned with high school students experimenting with animals in extracurricular projects. Barbara Orlans, President of the Scientists' Center for Animal Welfare, said that students have been performing surgery at random, testing known poisonous substances, and running other pathology experiments on animals without even knowing normal physiology. At one science fair, a student cut off the leg and tail of a lizard to demonstrate that only the tail can regenerate, she said. In another case, a student bound sparrows, starved them and observed their behavior. "The amount of abuse has been quite horrifying," Orlans said. Administrators of major science fairs are short-tempered over the teachers' policy change and the impression it has created. "The teachers were sold a bill of goods by Barbara Ortans," said Thurman Grafton, who heads the rules committee for the International Science and Engineering Fair. "Backyard tabletop surgery is just nonsense. The new policies throw cold water on students' inquisitiveness," he said. Grafton said he wouldn't deny that there hasn't been animal abuse among projects at the international fair, but he added that judges reject contestants who have unnecessarily injured animals. The judges have a hard time monitoring local and regional fairs that may or may not choose to comply with the international fair's rules that stress proper care of animals, Grafton said. He said that several years ago, the Westinghouse Science Talent Search banned harmful experiments to animals when sponsors threatened to cancel their support after animal welfare groups lobbied for change. The teachers adopted the new policies also to fend off proposed legislation--in states including Missouri and New York--that would restrict or prohibit experiments on animals. Officials of the two teachers organizations say that they don't know how many animals have been abused in the classroom. On the one hand, many biology teachers are not trained in the proper care of animals, said Wayne Moyer, executive director of the biology teachers' association. On the other, the use of animals in experiments has dropped in recent years because of school budget cuts. The association may set up seminars to teach better animal care to its members. (414 words){{B}}Notes:{{/B}} pathology 病理学。lizard 蜥蜴。tabletop 桌面。short-tempered 脾气急躁的。lobby for 游说支持。fend off 躲开。

单选题Fear seems to be the dominant mood of the moment. Hurricanes, tidal waves, floods, earthquakes and terrorism this year have all brought with them not only appalling scenes of devastation, death and suffering, but also outrage at the lack of preparations to avoid or cope with these disasters. Now even the birds of the air are a threat, we are told. That migrating flock visible On the horizon at sunset, once a consoling reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature, could be carrying the virus which might soon kill tens of millions of people. Given the many fingers pointed at governments in the wake of other disasters this year, it is hardly surprising that they are scrambling to respond to the threat posed by avian influenza. After confirmation this week that the HSN1 strain of bird flu, which has been spreading quickly in Asia, had been discovered in Romania and perhaps Greece, European Union foreign ministers convened an emergency meeting. President George Bush, still smarting from a torrent of criticism of his government's clumsy response to Hurricane Katrina, has promised to rush out emergency plans for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu which have been stalled for years. Countries around the world are hurrying to stockpile the only current antiviral drug, Tamifln, which might be effective in saving lives in any pandemic or curbing its spread. The World Health Organisation is calling for an internationally coordinated effort. Health ministers from around the globe are due to meet next week in Canada to discuss what steps to take. Is any of this eff6rt justified? Or are politicians simply helping to feed public panic, and then covering themselves by promising to spend lavishly against a threat which may never materialize and to reduce a risk which they do not understand? To ask these questions is not to counsel complacency, but to apply the kind of test which is required in any kind of disaster planning, not least because the world is an inherently dangerous place and it is impossible to plan against every possible disaster. With the media full of warnings of impending mass death, an overreaction is all too possible.

单选题Currently, the American armed forces are the largest professional military on the planet. Other (1) have professional soldiers, (2) not as many as the United States. For thousands of years, it was (3) that professional soldiers were superior to (4) timers. But (5) most of history, few nations could (6) an army of professionals, at least not on a permanent basis. It washt (7) the late 20th century that countries began to (8) large, permanent, all-volunteer armed forces that were carefully (9) and trained for combat. Britain was the first, when it phased out conscription in 1962. In 1975, the United States followed (10) . For over a century, conscription has been seen (11) the way to remain (12) strong without breaking the bank. But the conscripts did not stay in uniform long enough to get really good at fighting. Britain and American were the first two nations to realize that conscription was so (13) that the voters would pay extra to 14 a professional force. Within a decade, an army of professionals begins to pay (15) . The professionals are not only more (16) on the battlefield, but are also, if carefully (17) (for education and aptitude) more likely to constantly develop better ways to (18) This produces a tremendous battlefield (19) It doesn't make you (20) , but it does make you very difficult to defeat.

单选题Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (1) the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (2) of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (3) , or by whom. But it began to be (4) in the early 1900s. Jazz is Americas contribution to (5) music. In contrast to classical music, which (6) formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, (7) the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz (8) like America, and (9) it does today. The (10) of this music are as interesting as the music (11) . American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (12) . They were brought to Southern States (13) slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (14) . When a Negro died his friend and relatives (15) a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the (16) . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (17) on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (18) , but the living were glad to be alive. The band played (19) music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (20) at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.

单选题The word "liability" (Line 4, Par

单选题Which of the following is not mentioned in relation to IQ?______