单选题The piece titled The Priestess has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT ______.

单选题Many countries will not allow cigarette advertising in their newspaper or on TV-especially (1) the advertisements are usually written with young people in mind. (2) advertising, the tobacco companies have begun to (3) sports events. They give money to football, motor racing, tennis and a number of (4) sports (5) condition that the name of the cigarette is (6) This is now (7) concern, because it does exactly (8) many ads try to do-suggest that smoking has some connection (9) being strong and athletic. In all this, the point of view of the non-smokers has to be (10) as well: "3 wish smoker would stop (11) the air. I wish I could eat in a restaurant (12) having to smell cigarettes smoke." It has been (13) that, in a room where a large number of people are smoking, a non-smoker will breathe in the (14) of two or three cigarettes during an evening. (15) , non-smokers are now majority in many western countries. More and more people are giving up the habit, discouraged by high prices, influenced by (16) advertising or just aware that smoking is no longer really a polite thing to do. Faced with lower sales, the western tobacco companies have begun to look outside their own countries. They have begun advertising (17) to persuade young people in developing countries that smoking American or British or French cigarette is a sophisticated western habit, which they should copy. As a result, more and more young people are spending (18) money they have on a product which the west recognizes (19) unhealthy and no longer wants. The high number of young smokers in India, in South America and in South East Asia will become some of tomorrow's (20) .

单选题India's nomads have roamed the subcontinent for hundreds, sometimes thousands, of years. The Gadulia Lobar (their name comes from the Hindi words for "cart, " gadulia and "blacksmith, " lohar) are among the best known. In their illustrious past the Gadulia Lohar forged armor for Hindu kings. Today these blacksmiths pitch camp on the outskirts of tiny Indian villages and make simple goods from metal. Others are herders, such as the Rabari, famous throughout western India for their large scarfs and familiarity with all things concerning camel. Some are hunters and plant gatherers. Some are service providers—salt traders, fortune-tellers, magicians. And some are story-tellers, snake charmers, animal doctors, tattooists, basket makers. In total, anthropologists have identified about 500 nomadic groups in India, numbering perhaps 80 million people—around 7 percent of the country's billion-plus population. These wanderers were once part of India's mainstream. They meshed comfortably with the villagers who lived along their annual migration routes. In the 19th century, though, attitudes began to change. British administrators regarded them as vagrants and criminals, sowing prejudice that survived colonial rule. The rapidly modernizing India of call centers and brand-obsessed youth has scant use for tinkers or bear trainers, and cattle herders are in a losing battle with industry and urban sprawl. Fragmented by hierarchy, language, and region, the nomads are ignored by politicians and, in contrast to other downtrodden groups, have reaped few benefits from social welfare schemes. Just defining the term "nomad" is problematic in India. Many groups that once definitely fit the category have clustered in slums in a process anthropologists call sedentarization. Yet India remains a rigidly hierarchical society in which birth is often synonymous with destiny. So, mobile or not, India's nomads are united by a history of poverty and exclusion that continues to this day. probably the biggest human rights crisis you've never heard of. To the lonely few who have taken up the nomads' cause, a big part of the solution is to provide them with roofs over their heads, or at least an address, which would make it easier for them to get welfare benefits and enroll their kids in school. But such efforts have met fierce resistance from villagers and local politicians, who see the roamers as disreputable outsiders. India once teemed with such traveling niche workers. Many were first described in detail by a British civil servant, D. Ibbetson, in an 1883 report based on census data from the Punjab region. Ibbetson's observations reflected the prejudices of the day and the widely held belief in Britain that nomads—and especially the dark-skinned Romany-speaking people known as Gypsies—were unchangeable agents of vice. Such attitudes transferred easily to the subcontinent.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Browse through the racks of dresses, skirts, and tops in almost any trendy clothing store in fashion-savvy Argentina, and whether you find something that fits depends on your size. But shops carry few -- if any -- options for curvaceous women. When you go into a store and find an extra large, you know that it is really the equivalent of a medium or even a small based on American standards. You feel frustrated because you start to think that everybody is like this, and that you are big. But that's not true. In this beauty-conscious nation, which has the world's second-highest rate of anorexia, many are partially blaming the country's clothing industry for offering only tiny sizes of the latest fashions. The result is a dangerous paradox of girls and women adapting to the clothes rather than clothes adapting to them. The Argentine legislature is considering whether to force clothing manufacturers to cover "all the anthropometric measurements of the Argentine woman" up to extra large size. The bill also addresses the related problem of so-called "tricky" labeling in which S, M, and L designations vary by brand and are smaller than international standards. The proposal has raised eyebrows in a historically flirtatious society skeptical of government and well known for its obsession with beauty. "Argentina has the world's highest rates of aesthetic surgery," says Mabel Bello, founder of the Association for the Fight Against Anorexia. "When you are talking about how preoccupied with beauty our society is, that is the most telling statistic." For experts such statistics spell futility for legal remedies. "These types of laws are not going to cause lasting changes," says Susana Saulquin, a sociologist of fashion. "A better way to address the problem is through public education that emphasizes balanced eating habits over an unrealistic ideal of beauty." Currently, companies try to preserve brand image by catering to young and extremely thin customers, but over time, she believes, a more balanced view of beauty will emerge. For their part, industry groups condemn the hill as overreaching state intervening. They say their business decisions are guided by consumer demand. "We are not in favor of anything that regulates the market," says Laura Codda, a representative of major clothing manufacturers. "Every clothing company has the right to make anything they can sell -- any color, any sizes." She says her group is not opposed to measures that would standardize sizing, but she notes that many, if not most, clothes in Argentine stores already carry the numerical designations called for in the bill. If history is a guide, the fate of the proposed law is somewhat bleak. However, in 2005, the provincial government of Buenos Aires managed to pass a similar law -- although the governor failed to sign it.

单选题Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity, in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the world, the same tactics apply. Advertisers now place "banners", links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs, on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right, thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web surfing, we'll click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in theory, buy the products advertised. Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash, both from the advertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites, which are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technology, the volume of buying is increasing, leading to even greater profits. The current situation, however, is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals, web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners by viewing them as annoyances, a negative image that is hurting sales, since users are now less reluctant to click on those banners, preferring not to support the system that puts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viable and profitable business practice, new methods will need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry. With the recent depression in the technology sector and slowing economy, even new practices may not do the trick. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses over their Internet counterparts, the fate of Internet business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the world wide web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whim has passed.

单选题Data has a habit of spreading. It slips past military security and it can also leak from WikiLeaks. It even slipped past the bans of the Guardian and other media organisations involved in this story when a rogue copy of Der Spiegel accidentally went on sale in Basle, Switzerland. Someone bought it, realised what they had, and began scanning the pages, translating them from German to English and posting up-dates on Twitter. It would seem digital data respects no authority, be it the Pentagon, WikiLeaks or a newspaper editor. Individually, we have all already experienced the massive changes resulting from digitisation. Events or information that we once considered momentary and private are now accumulated, permanent, public. Governments hold our personal data in huge databases. It used to cost money to disclose and distribute information. In the digital age it costs money not to. But when data breaches happen to the public, politicians don"t care much. Our privacy is expendable. It is no surprise that the reaction to these leaks is different. What has changed the dynamic of power in a revolutionary way isn"t just the scale of the databases being kept, but that individuals can upload a copy and present it to the world. To some this marks a crisis, to others an opportunity. Technology is breaking down traditional social barriers of status, class, power, wealth and geography—replacing them with an ethos of collaboration and transparency. Leaks are not the problem; they are the symptom. They reveal a disconnect between what people want and need to know and what they actually do know. The greater the secrecy, the more likely a leak. The way to move beyond leaks is to ensure a strong managing system for the public to access important information. We are at a key moment where the visionaries in the leading position of a global digital age are clashing with those who are desperate to control what we know. WikiLeaks is the guerrilla front in a global movement for greater transparency and participation. It used to be that a leader controlled citizens by controlling information. Now it"s harder than ever for the powerful to control what people read, see and hear. Technology gives people the ability to band together and challenge authority. The powerful have long spied on citizens as a means of control, now citizens are turning their collected eyes back upon the powerful. This is a revolution, and all revolutions create fear and uncertainty. Will we move to a New Information Enlightenment or will the strong resistance from those who seek to maintain control no matter the cost lead us to a new totalitarianism? What happens in the next five years will define the future of democracy for the next century, so it would be well if our leaders responded to the current challenge with an eye on the future.

单选题Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. (1) , the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others (2) to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, (3) the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed (4) being classified as "English". Even in England there are many (5) in regional character and speech. The chief (6) is between southern England and northern England. South of a (7) going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, (8) there are local variations. Further north regional speech is usually " (9) " than that of southern Britain. Northerners are (10) to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more (11) They are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them (12) Northerners generally have hearty (13) : the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous (14) at meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands (15) a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman. In Scotland the sound (16) by the letter "R" is generally a strong sound, and "R" is often pronounced in words in which it would be (17) in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, (18) inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently (19) as being more "fiery" than the English. They are (20) a race that is quite distinct from the English. (289 words)Notes: fiery 暴躁的，易怒的。

单选题 Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of {{U}}(1) {{/U}}oil is over. What we all do next will determine how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and{{U}} (2) {{/U}}. Demand is soaring like{{U}} (3) {{/U}}before. As populations grow and economies{{U}} (4) {{/U}}, millions in the developing world are enjoying the benefits of a lifestyle that{{U}} (5) {{/U}}increasing amounts of energy. In fact, some say that in 20 years the world will{{U}} (6) {{/U}}40% more oil than it does today. At the same time, many of the world's oil and gas fields are{{U}} (7) {{/U}}. And new energy discoveries are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to{{U}} (8) {{/U}}, physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meets{{U}} (9) {{/U}}supplies, the result is more{{U}} (10) {{/U}}for the same resources. We can wait until a crisis forces us to do something.{{U}} (11) {{/U}}we can{{U}} (12) {{/U}}to working together, and start by asking the{{U}} (13) {{/U}}questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of industrialized nations? What role will renewables and {{U}}(14) {{/U}}energies play? What is the best way to protect our environment? How do we accelerate our conservation efforts?{{U}} (15) {{/U}}actions we take, we must look not just to next year,{{U}} (16) {{/U}}to the next 50 years. At Chevron, we believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are the{{U}} (17) {{/U}} on which to build this new world. We cannot do this alone. Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution as{{U}} (18) {{/U}}as they are part of the problem. We{{U}} (19) {{/U}}scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of you to be part of{{U}} (20) {{/U}}the next era of energy.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Egyptian wine has an extensive history within the history of Egyptian civilization. Grapes were not{{U}} (1) {{/U}}to the landscape of Egypt, rather the vines themselves are{{U}} (2) {{/U}}to have been imported from the Phoenicians,{{U}} (3) {{/U}}the actual origins remain in{{U}} (4) {{/U}}. What is known, is that{{U}} (5) {{/U}}the third millennium BC, Egyptian kings of the first{{U}} (6) {{/U}}had extensive wine cellars, and wine was used extensively in the temple ceremonies. The main{{U}} (7) {{/U}}of wine in Egypt, took place between the king, nobles, and the priests in temple ceremonies, and is{{U}} (8) {{/U}} by numerous painted relief's, and other{{U}} (9) {{/U}}evidence. The vineyards of ancient Egypt, were quite different from the modern methods of wine making today.{{U}} (10) {{/U}}viticulture ( or wine making) ,ceased to{{U}} (11) {{/U}}an exclusively ceremonial purpose, the Egyptians began to experiment with simple structures for their vines to train on,{{U}} (12) {{/U}}found a way to train their vines so they were easy low{{U}} (13) {{/U}}bushes, and found ways for the soil to{{U}} (14) {{/U}}more moisture for the vines. Egyptian wine making experiments included Re use of different wine presses, adding heat to the must ( the grape juice ready for fermentation){{U}} (15) {{/U}}make the wine sweet, and differences in vat types and materials. The{{U}} (16) {{/U}}finished product of wine, was poured through a cloth falter, and then into earthenware jars,{{U}} (17) {{/U}}they would be sealed with natural tar and left to{{U}} (18) {{/U}}. The Egyptians kept accurate records of their vintages, and{{U}} (19) {{/U}}of their wines, each jar of wine was clearly{{U}} (20) {{/U}}with it' s own vintage, and quality.

单选题If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired--rented at the lowest possible cost--much as one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance attached to human resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource management is central--usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm's hierarchy. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany ( as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.

单选题One of goals set by the European Union's Lisbon summit is ______.