单选题In general, our society is becoming one of the giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small well-oiled cog in the machinery . The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not aver the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The. worker and employee are anxious not only because they might find themselves out of a job, they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on then are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior,soeia bitity, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one"s fellow competitor ereates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically-man-aged industrialism in which maximal production and eonsumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of all love and of reason-are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} When enthusiasts talk of sustainable development, the eyes of most people glaze over. There is a whiff of sack-cloth and ashes about their arguments, which usually depend on people giving up the comforts of a modern economy to achieve some debatable greater good. Yet there is a serious point at issue. Modern industry pollutes, and it also seems to cause significant changes to the climate. What is needed is an industry that delivers the benefits without the costs. And the glimmerings of just such an industry can now be discerned. That industry is based on biotechnology. At the moment, biotech's main uses are in medicine and agriculture. But its biggest long-term impact may be industrial. Here, it will diminish demand for oil by taking the cheapest raw materials imaginable, carbon dioxide and water, and using them to make fuel and plastics. Plastics and fuels made in this way would have several advantages. They could accurately be called "renewables", since nothing is depleted to make them. They would be part of the natural carbon cycle, borrowing that element from the atmosphere for a few months, and returning it when they were burned or dumped. That means they could not possibly contribute to global warming. And they would be environmentally friendly in other ways. Bioplastics are biodegradable, since bacteria understand their chemistry and can therefore digest them. Biofuels, while not quite "zero emission" from the exhaust pipe (though a lot cleaner than petrol and diesel), would be cleaner overall even than the fuel-cell technology now being touted as an alternative to the internal-combustion engine. That is because making the hydrogen that fuel cells use is not an environmentally friendly process, and never will be—unless it, too, uses biotechnology. All this will, in the end, depend on costs. But these do not look unfavourable. Already, the price of bioplastics overlaps the top end of the petroleum-based plastics market. Bulk production should bring prices down, particularly when the raw materials are free. Meanwhile, ethanol would be a lot easier to introduce than fuel cells. Existing engines will run on it with minor tweaking, so there is no need to change the way cars are made. And since, unlike hydrogen, it is a liquid, the fuel-distribution infrastructure would not need radical change. The future could be green in ways that traditional environmentalists had not expected. Whether they will embrace that possibility, or stick to sack-cloth, remains to be seen.

单选题Mary Eberstadt would mostly agree

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activities and stays quiet and unmoving—if it looks as though it is sleeping—then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping? They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes, and fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with an eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed to sleep with one or both eyes partially open. Animals do not necessarily lie down to sleep either. Elephants, for example, often sleep standing up, with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while "sleeping" animals often seem unaware of changes in the sounds and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either. Observations of animal behavior alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from doing experiments in "sleep laboratories" using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEC). The machine is connected to animals and measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEC, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do sleep. There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals, like chimpanzees, cats, and moles (who live underground), are good sleepers while others, like sheep, goats, and donkeys, are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals: they must always be watching for enemies, even when they are resting.

单选题Singapore Airlines (SIA) has long been known for its iconic Singapore Girls, the demurely smiling stewardesses whose beauty and in-flight pampering remind people of a day when aviation was glamorous and profitable. That allure, made famous in ads, drew high-paying premium-class flyers to Singapore Air, which in 2006 became the airline with the highest stock market value in the world. Thanks to belt-tightening by business travelers and the rapid growth of Middle Eastern airlines intent on offering even more in-cabin luxury, Singapore Air"s passenger count has fallen 12 percent since 2008—the biggest drop among 12 major full-service Asia-Pacific carriers. Even worse, Singapore Air, which hasn"t recorded a full-year loss since it went public more than a quarter century ago, on May 10 reported red ink for the first quarter and slowed capacity growth at its flagship unit. The carrier, controlled by Singapore state-investment company Temasek Holdings, reported a loss of S $ 38.2 million ($ 31 million) in the three months ended March 31, compared with a S $171 million profit a year earlier. Adding to the pressure, the price of jet fuel in Singapore has risen 37 percent since April 2010. Fuel now accounts for 41 percent of Singapore Airlines" costs vs. an average of 27 percent since 2004. Singapore Air faces greater competition on Europe-Asia routes as Emirates Airline and Qatar Airways expand their more centrally located hubs and win premium passengers with improved front-cabin service. At the same time, regional and economy travelers are being targeted by low-fare airlines such as AirAsia (AIRA) and the Jetstar unit of Qantas Airways (QAN). At Singapore"s Changi Airport, Emirates and Qatar now operate a total of 74 flights a week. Low-cost carriers including Tiger Airways Holdings, part-owned by Singapore Air, have boosted their share of Changi"s passengers to 26 percent last year, from 5.6 percent in 2005. Singapore Air now accounts for about a third of Changi"s passengers, down from more than half in 2008. With its front-cabin business under pressure, Singapore Air"s management is moving to increase the airline"s presence in the low-fare market. Besides its 33 percent stake in Tiger Air, Singapore Air is setting up a long-haul discount operator called Scoot. It will start budget flights from its base in Singapore to Tianjin in China, Bangkok, Sydney, and Australia"s Gold Coast this year. Singapore Air may have little choice since business travelers, long the backbone of its profitability, are trading down. The carrier isn"t expecting a robust turnabout anytime soon: It recently began offering some of its pilots up to two years of unpaid leave to seek work with other carriers. "The world has changed for them," says Peter Harbison, chairman of the Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation. "The days of being able to rely on the Singapore Girl to pull people in are gone."

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} If men are from Mars and women are from Venus, it may explain at least one of their shared beliefs: Men and women can't be real friends. Many may point to the jealousy that plagues many rational people when a significant other {{U}}befriends{{/U}} someone of the opposite sex. Boil it down to the inherent differences between the sexes. It just can't be done. Is it right? Wrong, say relationship experts. "The belief that men and women can't be friends comes from another era in which women were at home and men were in the workplace, and the only way they could get together was for romance," explains Linda Sapadin, Ph. [D], a psychologist in private practice in Valley Stream, New York. "Now they work together and have sports interests together and socialize together." This cultural shift is encouraging psychologists, sociologists and communications experts to put forth a new message: though it may be tricky, men and women can successfully become close friends. What's more, there are good reasons for them to do so. Society has long singled out romance as the prototypical male-female relationship because it spawns babies and keeps the life cycle going; cross-sex friendship, as researchers call it, has been either ignored or trivialized. We have rules for how to act in romantic relationships (flirt, date, get married, have kids) and even same-sex friendships (boys relate by doing activities together, girls by talking and sharing). But there are so few platonic male-female friendships on display in our culture that we're at a loss even to define these relationships. A certain 1989 film starring Meg Ryan and Billy Crystal convinced a nation of moviegoers that romance always comes between men and women, making true friendship impossible. "When Harry Met Sally set the potential for male-female friendship back about 25 years," says Michael Monsour, Ph. D., assistant professor of communications at the University of Colorado at Denver and author of Women and Men as Friends: Relationships across the Life Span in the 21st Century. "Almost every time you see a male-female friendship, it winds up turning into romance." In 1989, Don O'Meara, Ph. D., a sociology professor at the University of Cincinnati-Raymond Walters College, published a landmark study in the journal Sex Roles on the top impediments to cross-sex friendship. Among several challenges he pointed out in his research, society may not be entirely ready for friendships between men and women that have no sexual subtext. People with close friends of the opposite sex are often barraged with nudging, winking and skepticism: "Are you really just friends?" This is especially true, says O'Meara, of older adults, who grew up when men and women were off-limits to each other until marriage.

单选题The trade unionists seem to be on the side of ______.

单选题According to the text, the author mentions plutonium in paragraph 1 to

单选题According to the passage, remote working

单选题Something big is happening to the human race--something that could be called The Great Transformation. The Transformation consists of all the changes that are occurring m human life due to advancing technology. For thousands of years such progress occurred slowly. Now, everything is changing so fast that you may find yourself wondering where all this progress is really leading. Nobody knows what all these changes really will mean in the long run. But this mysterious Transformation is the biggest story of all time. It is the story of the human race itself. Some people worry about what will happen when the deposits of petroleum are gone, but already researchers are finding all kinds of new ways to obtain energy. Someday, solar power collected by satellites circling the earth of fission power manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization. Space exploration promises to open up many new territories for human settlement, as well as leading to the harvest of mineral resources like the asteroids. Scientific research continues to open up previously undreamed-of possibilities. Fifty years ago, few people could even imagine things like computers, lasers, and holography. Today, a host of newly emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and genetic engineering are opening up all kinds of new paths for technologists. Like it or not, our advancing technology has made us masters of the earth. We not only dominate all the other animals, but we are reshaping the world' s plant life and even its soil and rocks, its waters and surrounding air. Mountains are being dug up to provide minerals and stone for buildings. The very ground under our feet is washing away as we chop down the forests, plow up the fields, and excavate foundations for our buildings. Human junk is cluttering up not only the land but even the bottom of the sea. And so many chemicals are being released into the air by human activities that scientists worry that the entire globe may warm, causing the polar icecaps to melt and ocean waters to flood vast areas of the land. During the twentieth century, advancing technology has enabled man to reach thousands of feet into the ocean depths and to climb the highest mountains. Mount Everest, the highest mountain of all, resisted all climbers until the 1950's: Now man is reaching beyond Earth to the moon, Mars, and the stars. No one knows what the Great Transformation means or where it will ultimately lead. But one thing is sure: Human life 50 years from now will be very different from what it is today. It's also worth noting that our wondrous technology is posing an increasingly insistent question: When we can do so many things, how can we possibly decide what we really should do? When humans were relatively powerless, they didn't have to make the choices they have to make today. Technology gives us the power to build a magnificent new civilization—if we can just agree on what we want it to be. But today, there is little global agreement on goals and how we should achieve them. So it remains to be seen what will happen as a result of our technology. Pessimists worry that we will use the technology eventually to blow ourselves up. But they have been saying that for decades, and so far we have escaped. Whether we will continue to do so remains unknown--but we can continue to hope.

单选题Africa's elephants are divided between the savannahs of eastern and southern Africa and the forests of central Africa. Some biologists reckon the forest ones-smaller, with shorter, straighter tusks-may even constitute a distinct species. But not for long, at the latest rate of poaching. The high price of ivory is increasing the incentive to kill elephants everywhere in Africa, and especially in places where there is virtually no law. The latest reports suggest that the forest elephant population is collapsing on the back of rising Chinese demand for ivory. Some conservationists argue that a recent decision by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to auction 108 tonnes of stockpiled ivory from southern Africa may be prompting more poaching in central and eastern Africa, as criminals seek to mix illicit ivory in with the legitimate kind. But some economists maintain that the legitimate sale of ivory lowers prices, thus decreasing the incentive to poach. A study of a previous sale of ivory suggested it did not lead to more intensive poaching. Either way, the Congo basin is " hemorrhaging elephants ", says TRAFFIC, which monitors trade in wildlife. The head of the 790,000-hectare (1,952,000-acre) Virunga National Park in eastern Congo, Emmanuel de Merode, reports that 24 elephants have been poached in his park so far this year. The situation is dire: 2,900 elephants roamed Virunga when Congo became independent in 1964,400 in 2006, and fewer than 200 today. Most have been poached by militias, particularly Hutu rebels from Rwanda who hack off the ivory and sell it to middlemen in Kinshasa, Congo's capital, who then smuggle it to China. Once ivory has left its country of origin, and if it is not seized by customs officials, it can be hard to identify its source and those responsible for acquiring it. But forensic help may be at hand. Scientists from the University of Washington are using genetic markers in elephant dung to identify exactly where ivory has been poached. This should help governments in countries such as Tanzania and Zambia, which are capable of catching poachers, but not in anarchic eastern Congo, where 120-odd rangers have been killed in Virunga in recent years trying to protect elephants and gorillas. With an influx of businessmen and other officials from China engaged in infrastructure projects such as road building and logging, the slaughter is expected to accelerate. Forest elephants may survive in large numbers only in remote protected pockets of the Congo basin, such as the Odzala-Koukoua National Park in Congo-Brazzaville and Minkebe National Park in northeast Gabon.

单选题It can be inferred from Para 3 that

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said--the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are{{U}} (1) {{/U}}from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness{{U}} (2) {{/U}}a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words{{U}} (3) {{/U}}Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given{{U}} (4) {{/U}}. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those{{U}} (5) {{/U}}if we listen for{{U}} (6) {{/U}}words. We don't always say what we mean{{U}} (7) {{/U}}mean what we say. Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner. "This step has to be fixed before I'll buy." The owner says, "It's been like that for years".{{U}} (8) {{/U}}, the step hasn't been like that for years, but the{{U}} (9) {{/U}}message is: "I don't want to fix it. We can put up with it why can't you?" The{{U}} (10) {{/U}}for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed by examining a message{{U}} (11) {{/U}}who said it, when it occurred, the{{U}} (12) {{/U}}conditions or situation, and how it was said. When a message occurs can also{{U}} (13) {{/U}}associated meaning. A friend's unusually docile behavior may only be understood by{{U}} (14) {{/U}}that it was preceded by situations that required a (n){{U}} (15) {{/U}}amount of assertiveness. We would do well to listen for how message are{{U}} (16) {{/U}}The words, "it sure has been nice to have you over," can be said with{{U}} (17) {{/U}}and excited or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or{{U}} (18) {{/U}}several times. And the meaning we associate with the phrase will change{{U}} (19) {{/U}}Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the{{U}} (20) {{/U}}importance it assumes.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read tile following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country's standard of living, {{U}}(1) {{/U}}, depends first and{{U}} (2) {{/U}}on its capacity to produce wealth." Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money{{U}} (3) {{/U}}on things that money can buy. "Goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and "{{U}} (4) {{/U}}". A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of{{U}} (5) {{/U}}have an effect on one another. Wealth depends{{U}} (6) {{/U}}a great extent upon a country's natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a{{U}} (7) {{/U}}climate; other regions possess none of them. Next to natural resources{{U}} (8) {{/U}}the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well{{U}} (9) {{/U}}as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and{{U}} (10) {{/U}}wars, and{{U}} (11) {{/U}}this and other reasons was{{U}} (12) {{/U}}to develop her resources. {{U}}(13) {{/U}}and stable political conditions, and{{U}} (14) {{/U}}from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well{{U}} (15) {{/U}}by nature but less well ordered. A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed{{U}} (16) {{/U}}its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. {{U}}(17) {{/U}}, Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on{{U}} (18) {{/U}}grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would{{U}} (19) {{/U}}be lacking. A country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, {{U}}(20) {{/U}}that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.