单选题WFP' s plans for underdeveloped countries emphasize the need to ______.

单选题From the beginning of the text, we can conclude that

单选题An appropriate title for the passage could be _______.

单选题The word "convergence (in Para. 3) means__________.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. It has been justly said that while" we speak with our vocal organs we {{U}}(1) {{/U}} with our whole bodies." All of us communicate with one another {{U}}(2) {{/U}}, as well as with words. Sometimes we know what we're doing, as with the use of gestures such as the thumbs-up sign to indicate that, we {{U}}(3) {{/U}}. But most of the time we're not aware that we're doing it. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else's eyes and {{U}}(4) {{/U}}. These actions we {{U}}(5) {{/U}} are random and incidental. But researchers {{U}}(6) {{/U}} that there is a system of them almost as consistent and comprehensible as language, and they conclude that there is a whole {{U}}(7) {{/U}} of body language, {{U}}(8) {{/U}} the way we move, the gestures we employ, the posture we adopt, the facial expression we {{U}}(9) {{/U}}, the extent to which we touch and the distance we stand {{U}}(10) {{/U}} each other. The body language serves a variety of purposes. Firstly it can replace verbal communication, {{U}}(11) {{/U}} with the use of gesture. Secondly it can modify verbal communication, loudness and {{U}}(12) {{/U}} of voice is an example here. Thirdly it regulates social interaction: turn taking is largely governed by non-verbal {{U}}(13) {{/U}}. Finally it conveys our emotions and attitudes. This is {{U}}(14) {{/U}} important for successful cross-culture communication. Every culture has its own" body language", and children absorb its nuances {{U}}(15) {{/U}} with spoken language. The way an Englishmen crosses his legs is {{U}}(16) {{/U}} like the way a mate American does it. When we communicate with people from other, cultures, the body language sometimes help make the communication easy and {{U}}(17) {{/U}}, such as shaking hand is such a {{U}}(18) {{/U}} gesture that people all over the world know that it is a signal for greeting. But sometimes--the body language can cause certain misunderstanding {{U}}(19) {{/U}} people of different cultures often have different forms behavior for sending the same message or have different {{U}}(20) {{/U}} towards the same body signals.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) So what is depression? Depression is often more about anger turned{{U}} (1) {{/U}}than it is about sadness. But it's usually{{U}} (2) {{/U}}as sadness. Depression can{{U}} (3) {{/U}}at all ages, from childhood to old age, and it's the United States' No. 1{{U}} (4) {{/U}}problem. When someone is depressed, her behavior{{U}} (5) {{/U}}change and she loses interest in activities she{{U}} (6) {{/U}}enjoyed (like sports, music, friendships). The sadness usually lasts every day for most of the day and for two weeks or more. What{{U}} (7) {{/U}}depression? A{{U}} (8) {{/U}}event can certainly bring{{U}} (9) {{/U}}depression, but some will say it happens{{U}} (10) {{/U}}a specific cause. So how do you know if you're just having a bad day{{U}} (11) {{/U}}are really depressed? Depression affects your{{U}} (12) {{/U}}, moods, behavior and even your physical health. These changes often go{{U}} (13) {{/U}}or are labeled{{U}} (14) {{/U}}simply a bad case of the blues. Someone who's truly{{U}} (15) {{/U}}depression will have{{U}} (16) {{/U}}periods of crying spells, feelings of{{U}} (17) {{/U}}(like not being able to change your situation) and{{U}} (18) {{/U}}(like you' ll feel this way forever), irritation or agitation. A depressed person often{{U}} (19) {{/U}}from others. Depression seldom goes away by itself, and the greatest{{U}} (20) {{/U}}of depression is suicide. The risk of suicide increases if the depression isn't treated.

单选题According to the author, the most active advocates of telecities are

单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}} Sport psychology research has documented the important rote of significant adults such as parents and coaches in youth participants' psychosocial development and achievement motivation. However, the situation concerning parents and coaches in youth sport is somewhat of a conundrum—the roles of coach and parent are often synonymous, suggesting not simply an independent relationship with the child participant. In recent years, a growing body of literature has emerged on parent influence in youth sport based on these and other theories. First, research shows that parents who are more supportive and less pressuring of their children are associated with youth participants who report higher perceived competence, enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation toward sport. Second, parents who encourage their child's participation and exhibit enjoyment of physical activity are related to children who report higher perceived competence and attraction toward physical activity. Finally, parents who hold stronger positive beliefs about their child's physical competence are associated with children who report higher self-perceptions, value toward sport, and physical activity levels. A prevalent phenomenon of North American culture is the parent-coach dual role. Most coaches in competitive youth sport are parents of one or more of their players. Brown estimated that about 90% of the volunteer coaches in a given community are a parent of one or more team members. Although one can forward several positive aspects of the parent-coach phenomenon, there is also the potential for youth to perceive stress from this parent-child relationship. Several researchers reported that adolescent athletes felt pressure from their coaches and parents to perform well, and desired that parents be sources of social support and leave skill and strategy instruction to the coach's domain. Collectively, anecdotal accounts and empirical data suggest that exploring the benefits and costs of parents coaching their children is a worthy topic from both theoretical and applied perspectives. Therefore, based on previous research on the role of parents and coaches in youth development, the purpose of the present study was to gain knowledge about the parent-coach phenomenon in competitive youth sport. We accomplished this purpose by interviewing youth soccer players who were coached by their parent, the child's teammates, and the parent-coach. We expect that child participants would identify both positive and negative aspects of having a parent as their coach, in line with previous research, but we were most curious to know if different issues would be raised about the unique parent-coach/child-athlete relationship.

单选题{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooks--those purchasable wells of wisdom--what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of "college" imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to reach again. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding on all. There are no "illiterates"--if the term can be applied to peoples without a script--while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1976, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we considered it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry that, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the jungles and the savages know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child.{{B}}Notes:{{/B}} juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪。

单选题A variety of illegal acts committed by people in the course of their employment, for their own personal gain, are collectively known as white-collar crime. Embezzlement, theft and trading securities (1) insider information are common forms of white-collar crime. The majority of cases involve low-level employees who steal because they are under (2) financial stress. Many plan to (3) the money back as soon as possible but may never do so. Their crimes are usually never (4) because the amounts of money are small, and no one notices the (5) . (6) , there are some very large cases of white-collar crime, such as multimillion-dollar stock market or banking seams that take years to discover and are extremely difficult and expensive to (7) . White-collar crime is not (8) to the business sector. Government employment, especially (9) the city level, also provides opportunities to (10) one's pockets. (11) , building inspectors accept bribes and full-time employees receive (12) payments. Although white-collar crime is less (13) than street crime, it involves (14) more money and harm to the public than crimes committed by street criminals. It is (15) that there are more criminals (16) the office suites than in the streets, yet the (17) of white-collar makes it difficult to uncover the offenses and pursue the offenders. As the economy (18) from manufacturing to services and electronic commerce, opportunities for white-collar crime (19) , while the technology needed to stop such crimes will (20) .

单选题This passage is written mainly for

单选题Marriage, and its many ups and downs, still exercises a powerful hold over newspapers, magazines and the airwaves. Nearly 23m Americans watched Prince William being joined in holy marriage to Kate Middleton. Millions more have indulged in the break-up of Arnold Schwarzenegger's marriage after revelations that he fathered a son with a maid. Less delightful are revelations about the sorry state of marriage across the United States. Data from the Census Bureau show that married couples, for the first time, now make up less than half of all households. The iconic American family, with mom, dad and kids under one roof, is fading. In every state the numbers of unmarried couples, childless households and single-person households are growing faster than those comprised of married people with children, finds the 2010 census. And the trend has a potent class dimension. Traditional marriage has evolved from a near-universal ritual to a luxury for the educated and affluent. There barely was a marriage gap in 1960: only four percentage points separated the wedded ways of college and high-school graduates(76％ versus 72％). The gap has since widened to 16 percentage points, according to the Pew Research Centre. "Marriage has become much more selective, and that's why the divorce rate has come down," said Bradford Wilcox, director of the National Marriage Project at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The project found that divorce rates for couples with college degrees are only a third as high as for those with a high-school degree. Americans with a high-school degree or less tell researchers they would like to marry, but do not believe they can afford it. Instead, they raise children out of wedlock. Only 6％ of children born to college-educated mothers were born outside marriage, according to the National Marriage Project. That compares with 44％ of babies born to mothers whose education ended with high school. "Less marriage means less income and more poverty," reckons Isabel Sawhill, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. She and other researchers have linked as much as half of the income inequality in America to changes in family composition: single-parent families (mostly those with a high-school degree or less) are getting poorer while married couples (with educations and dual incomes) are increasingly well-off. "This is a striking gap that is not well understood by the public," she says. Do not expect the Democratic Party, however, to make an issue of the marriage gap in next year's elections. Unmarried women voted overwhelmingly for Barack Obama. "You don't want to suggest to someone who isn't married and has children that they should be married," says Ms Sawhill. "That is a scorn on their lifestyle./

单选题It can reasonably be inferred that the author

单选题The reason why Americans call the day after Thanksgiving "Black Friday" is that

单选题For years, researchers have struggled to understand why so many women leave careers inscience and engineering. Theories run the gamut (整个范围), from family-unfriendly work schedules to natural differences between the genders. A new paper by McGill University economist Jennifer Hunt offers another explanation: women leave such jobs when they feel disappointed about pay and the chance of promotion. Her first finding was that women actually don"t leave jobs in science at an above average rate. The difference, Hunt found, comes from the engineering sector. That"s not simply because women are exiting the workforce to raise families. About 21% of all graduates surveyed were working in a field unrelated to their highest college degree. That proportion held steady for both men and women. Yet in engineering, there was a gap. About 10% of male engineers were working in an unrelated field, while some 13% of female engineers were. Women who became engineers disproportionately left for other sectors. The survey suggests options such as working conditions, pay, promotion-opportunities, job location and family-related reasons. As it turned out, more than 60% of the women leaving engineering did so because of dissatisfaction with pay and promotion opportunities. More women than men left engineering for family-related reasons, but that gender gap was no different than what Hunt found in nonengineering professions. "It doesn"t have anything to do with the nature of the work," says Hunt. The question then becomes why women engineers feel so stifled (窒息) when it comes to pay and promotion. Women also left fields such as financial management and economics at higher than expected rates. The commonality, like engineering, those sectors are male-dominated. Some 74% of financial-management degree holders in the survey sample were male. Men made up 73% of economics graduates. And to take one example from engineering, some 83% of mechanical-engineer grads were male. Jennifer Hunt concludes that focusing on making engineering jobs more family-friendly alone—by offering flexible work schedules, say—misses an important part of the mark. If we desire to keep women working as engineers, whether for their sakes or society"s, then a better focus may be creating work environments where women feel more able to climb the career ladder.