单选题Every spring migrating salmon return to British Columbia's rivers to spawn. And every spring new reports detail fresh disasters that befall them. This year is no different; The fisheries committee of Canada's House of Commons and a former chief justice of British Columbia, Bryan Williams, have just. examined separately why 1.3 m sockeye salmon mysteriously "disappeared" from the famed Fraser river fishery in 2004. Their conclusions point to a politically explosive conflict between the survival of salmon and the rights of First Nations, as Canadians call Indians. In 2004, only about 524, 000 salmon are thought to have returned to the spawning grounds, barely more than a quarter the number who made it four years earlier. High water temperatures may have killed many. The House of Commons also lambasted the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) for poor scientific data, and for failing to enforce catch levels. Four similar reports since 1992 have called for the department's reform. In vain: its senior officials are "in denial" about its failings, said the committee. Mr Williams' report added a more shocking twist. He concluded that illegal fishing on the Fraser river is "rampant and out of control", with "no-go" zones where fisheries officers are' told not to confront Indian poachers for fear of violence. The judge complained that the DFO withheld a report by one of its investigators which detailed extensive poaching and sale of salmon by members of the Cheam First Nation, some of whom were armed. Some First Nations claim an unrestricted right to fish and sell their catch. Canada's constitution acknowledges the aboriginal right to fish for food and for social and ceremonial needs, but not a general commercial right. On the Fraser, however, the DFO has granted Indians a special commercial fishery. To some. Indians, even that is not enough. Both reports called for more funds for the DFO, to improve data collection and enforcement. They also recommended returning to a single legal regime for commercial fishing applying to all Canadians. On April 14th, Geoff Regan, the federal fisheries minister, responded to two previous reports from a year ago. One, from a First Nations group, suggested giving natives a rising share of the catch. The other proposed a new quota system for fishing licences, and the conclusion of long-standing talks on treaties, including fishing rights, with First Nations. Mr Regan said his department would spend this year consulting "stakeholders" (natives, commercial and sport fishermen). It will also launch pilot projects aimed at improving conservation, enforcement and First Nations' access to fisheries.

单选题France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that "incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That"s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men ) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France"s actions, Denmark"s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: "We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people." The charter"s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy's vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own. Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for a while, be bookkeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data,24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs. Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm's health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age. You must tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small-business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save. Frequent checks of your firm' s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot idea.

单选题Come July 29th, Windows 10—Microsoft"s successor to its ho-hum Windows 8/8.1 operating system (OS)—will be roiled out to original-equipment manufacturers and certain privileged users. Giving Windows 10 away to qualified users—instead of charging the usual upgrade fee—will be a powerful incentive encouraging Windows users to embrace the latest version within the coming year. For Microsoft, Windows 10 comes not before time. While nowhere near the unmitigated disaster of Vista, Windows 8 has been a big disappointment for the company. Microsoft managed to alienate whole swathes of customers with Windows 8. The problem was not the underlying operating system, but the radically different interface users were forced to endure. This was built around a start-screen showing programs running in the background, which could be accessed by poking a finger at the appropriate "live-tile" on a touch-sensitive screen. Microsoft made two blunders when designing this interface. First, it ignored the many lessons distilled from decades of users" experience with Windows. The firm"s assumption was that touching objects on a screen was a more intuitive way of interacting with a computer than using a mouse and a keyboard. But it ignored the numerous tricks and shortcuts users had acquired over the years—and grown accustomed to expect-while mousing around a computer screen and clicking on icons to make things happen. The other mistake the company made was to imagine all platforms capable of running Windows 8. This sought to encourage sales by making it easier for people to move from one Windows appliance to another. All customers, whether for phone apps, video games or computer software, could then be serviced through the same Microsoft online store. To make this grand plan a reality, a touch-centric approach was deemed essential. Thus, the die was cast. Touch works fine with smart phones and tablets, which are grasped in one hand and poked with the other—mostly while the device is held flat. With the larger, vertical displays of laptops and desktop PCs, however, the touch-centric approach of Windows 8 proved a frustrating, arm-aching anathema. A chastened Microsoft has gone out of its way to show it has learned its lesson. One way it has done so is to skip what was to be the next iteration of the OS, and leapfrog directly from Windows 8.1 to Windows 10—as if to signal a break with the recent past and to herald a fresh start. As a final note, there will be no Windows 11 nor 12. Instead, critical updates, security patches and software additions will be made available to Windows 10 users, rather than being accumulated for some future "service pack" or whole new release. Hopefully, as venerable and useful a workhorse as long-lived Windows XP.

单选题The restorationists and dominationists differ with respect to all of the following EXCEPT______.

单选题Home ownership would be far more inviting if

单选题If you see a diamond ring on the fourth finger of a woman's left hand, you probably know what it means: in America, this has long been the digit of choice for betrothal jewelry, and the lore of the trade traces the symbolism back to ancient times. But if you see a diamond ring on the fourth finger of a woman's right hand, you may or may not know that it signifies an independent spirit, or even economic empowerment and changing gender mores. "A lot of women have disposable income," Katie Couric said recently on the "Today" show after showing viewers her Change right-hander. "Why wait for a man to give her a diamond ring?" This notion may be traced back, approximately, to September. That's when the Diamond Information Center began a huge marketing campaign aimed at articulating the meaning of right-hand rings-and thus a rationale for buying them. "Your left hand says 'we' ," the campaign declares. "Your right hand says 'me' ." The positioning is brilliant: the wearer may be married or unmarried and may buy the ring herself or request it as a gift. And while it can take years for a new jewelry concept to work itself thoroughly into the mainstream, the tight-band ring already has momentum. At the higher end of the scale, the jewelry maker Kwiat, which supplies stores like Saks, offers a line of Kwiat Spirit Rings that can retail for as much as ＄5, 000, and "we're selling it faster than we're manufacturing it," says Bill Gould, the company's chief of marketing. At the other end of the stale, mass-oriented retailers that often take a wait-and-see attitude have already jumped on the bandwagon. Firms like Kwiat were given what Gould calls "direction" from the Diamond information Center about the new ring's attributes-multiple diamonds in a north-south orientation that distinguishes it from the look of an engagement ring, and so on. But all this is secondary to the newly minted meaning. "The idea," Morrison says, "is that beyond a trend, this could become a sort of cultural imperative." A tall order? Well, bear in mind that "a diamond is forever" is not a saying handed down from imperial Rome. It was handed down from an earlier generation of De Beers marketers. Joyce Jonas, a jewelry appraiser and historian, notes that De Beers, in the 40's and 50's, took advantage of a changing American class structure to turn diamond rings into an (attainable) symbol for the masses. By now, Jonans observes, the stone alone "is just a commodity" . And this, of course, is what makes its invented significance more Crucial than ever.

单选题"It carries white blood cells and disease-fighting chemicals called antibodies to places where foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses are causing infections" this statement______.

单选题As a related study describes, Twitter has come to play a crucial role in the way that news functions during events like the Egyptian revolution—like an overloaded newswire filled with everything from breaking news to rumor and everything in between. The evolution of what media theorist Jeff Jarvis and others have called "networked journalism" has made the business of news much more chaotic, since it now consists of thousands of voices instead of just a few prominent ones who happen to have the tools to make themselves heard. If there is a growth area in media, it is in the field of "curated news," where real-time filters verify and redistribute the news that comes in from tens of thousands of sources, and use tools like Storify to present a coherent picture of what is happening on the ground. One of the additional points the study makes is that the personal Twitter accounts belonging to journalists were far more likely to be retweeted or engaged with by others than official accounts for the media outlets they worked for. The point here is one we have tried to make repeatedly: Social media are called social for a reason. They"re about human beings connecting with other human beings around an event, and the more that media outlets try to stifle the human aspect of these tools—through repressive social-media policies, for example—the less likely they will be to benefit from using them. Another benefit of a distributed or networked version of journalism is one sociologist Zeynep Tufekci has made in the course of her research into how Twitter and other social tools affected the events in Tunisia, Egypt, and elsewhere. As she wrote in a recent blog post, one of the realities of mainstream media is what is often called "pack journalism": the kind that sees hundreds of journalists show up for official briefings by government or military sources, but few pursue their own stories outside the official sphere. Tufekci says social media and "citizen journalism" can be a powerful antidote to this kind of process, and that"s fundamentally a positive force for journalism. As we look at the way news and information flows in this new world of social networks, and what Andy Carvin has called "random acts of journalism" by those who may not even see themselves as journalists, it"s easy to get distracted by how chaotic the process seems, and how difficult it is to separate the signal from the noise. But more information is better-even if it requires new skills on the part of journalists when it comes to filtering that information—and journalism, as Jay Rosen has pointed out, tends to get better when more people do it.

单选题Walter Schloss was by no means a celebrity. He was never a face on financial television programs, 1 was he known for marketing his skills to investors. His death last month, at the age of 95, 2 little public comment but among a certain crowd it meant the 3 of a mind that was brave, independent and 4 distinct from much of modern finance. Mr. Schloss was part of a small group who worked with Benjamin Graham, a Columbia Business School professor whose most famous 5 is Warren Buffett. Mr. Schloss did not spend time 6 corporate managers. His research team doubled in size when his son joined. He favored discarded "cigar butt" stocks that could be 7 off the floor. Often, they weren"t worth much but they sold for far 8 . As for high-flying shares, he was not afraid to go 9 . During the late 1990s, when a "new era" caused many people to 10 any normal valuation measures as hopelessly 11 , Mr. Schloss stayed 12 and bet against some of the most popular and inflated names. In part, he could do so 13 a famous cost saving structure. In part, he was protected by an extraordinary long-term record. When he 14 managing money for outsiders, his returns were reported to have 15 16% annually, six percentage points higher than the market. He had other 16 , too. In 1999, when his portfolio was composed of everything no one wanted, he was asked how, 17 his own convictions were unshaken, he could ensure that his investors 18 with him. Being a true 19 required just one rule, he said: " 20 tell a client what they own."

单选题For those who regard the al-Jazeera TV channel as a biased, anti-western mouthpiece for Osama bin Laden, the announcement that it will start broadcasting 24 hours a day in English next year will be unwelcome. Its likeliest audience is Muslims (1) the Middle East who do not speak Arabic. Will al-Jazeera's reports of suffering and rage in Iraq and beyond inspire anger (2) America and its (3) at home, too? The new service may prove a bit less (4) than its Arabic sibling. Nigel Parsons, its managing editor, says that al-Jazeera has been too strident on (5) in the past, and that the English channel will (6) to redress that. It will strive (7) balance, credibility and authority, he says, and it will signal a new maturity for al-Jazeera, which was started by the emir of Qatar in 1996. It will broadcast its own original content—news, documentaries and talk shows— (8) studios in Doha, London and Washington, (9) international news beyond the Middle East. especially the developing countries often (10) by existing English-language channels. A1-Jazeera is already enjoying a fresh burst of (11) outside the Middle East. Around the same time that the interim government in Iraq ordered it to shut its bureau in Baghdad, westerners started watching "Control Room," a film sympathetic (12) the station directed by Jehane Noujaim. At a screening in London last week an audience of local journalists laughed along (13) al-Jazeera's reporters and editors (14) the (15) of the American military. The biggest mystery about al-Jazeera surround its funding, which "Control Room" sadly did not (16) . Qatar has a new (17) in the world (18) to the station. That may be why the emir is willing to spend (19) an English-language channel even (20) the original Arabic one is probably losing money.