单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.SomeoftheconcernssurroundingTurkey'sapplicationtojointheEuropeanUnion,tobe{{U}}(1){{/U}}onbytheEU'sCouncilofMinistersonDecember17th,areeconomic—inparticular,thecountry'srelativepoverty.ItsGDPperheadislessthanathirdoftheaverageforthe15pre-2004membersoftheEU.{{U}}(2){{/U}}itisnotfaroffthatofLatvia—oneofthetennewmemberswhich{{U}}(3){{/U}}onMay1st2004,anditismuchthesameas{{U}}(4){{/U}}oftwocountries,BulgariaandRomania,whichthisweekconcluded{{U}}(5){{/U}}talkswiththeEUthatcouldmakethemfullmembersonJanuary1st2007.{{U}}(6){{/U}},thecountry'srecenteconomicprogresshasbeen,accordingtoDonaldJohnston,thesecretary-generaloftheOECD,stunning.GDPinthesecondquarteroftheyearwas13.4%higherthanayearearlier,a{{U}}(7){{/U}}ofgrowththatnoEUcountrycomescloseto{{U}}(8){{/U}}.Turkey's{{U}}(9){{/U}}ratehasjustfallenintosinglefiguresforthefirsttimesince1972,andthisweekthecountry{{U}}(10){{/U}}agreementwiththeIMFonanewthree-year,$10billioniconomicprogramthatwillhelpTurkey{{U}}(11){{/U}}inflationtowardEuropeanlevels,andenhancetheeconomy'sresilience.Resiliencehasnothistoricallybeenthecountry'seconomicstrongpoint.{{U}}(12){{/U}},throughoutthe1990sgrowthoscillatedlikeanelectrocardiogram{{U}}(13){{/U}}aviolentheartattack.This{{U}}(14){{/U}}hasbeenoneofthemainreasonswhythecountryhasfaileddismallytoattractmuch-neededforeigndirectinvestment.Itsstockofsuchinvestmentislowernowthanitwasinthe1980s,andannual{{U}}(15){{/U}}havescarcelyeverreached$1billion.Onedeterrenttoforeigninvestorsisdueto{{U}}(16){{/U}}onJanuary1st2005.Onthatday,Turkeywilltakeawaytherightofvirtuallyeveryoneofitscitizenstocallthemselvesamillionaire.Sixzeroswillberemovedfromthefacevalueofthelira(里拉,土耳其贷币单位);oneunitofthelocal{{U}}(17){{/U}}willhenceforthbeworthwhat1millionarenow—ie,about0.53(0.53欧元).Goodswillhavetobe{{U}}(18){{/U}}inboththenewandoldliraforthewholeoftheyear,{{U}}(19){{/U}}foreignbankersand{{U}}(20){{/U}}canbegintolookforwardtoatimeinTurkeywhentheywillnolongerhavetojugglementallywithindeterminatestringsofzeros.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Many will know that the word "muscle" comes from the Latin for "mouse" (rippling under the skin, so to speak ). But what about "chagrin", derived from the Turkish for roughened leather, or scaly sharkskin. Or "lens" which comes from the Latin "lentil" or "window" meaning "eye of wind" in old Norse? Looked at closely, the language comes apart in images, like those strange paintings by Giuseppe Arcimboldo where heads are made of fruit and vegetables. Not that Henry Hitchings's book is about verbal surrealism. That is an extra pleasure in a book which is really about the way the English language has roamed the world helping itself liberally to words, absorbing them, forgetting where they came from, and moving on with an ever-growing load of exotics, crossbreeds and subtly shaded near-synonyms. It is also about migrations within the language's own borders, about upward and downward mobility, about words losing their roots, turning up in new surroundings, or lying in wait, like "duvet" which was mentioned by Samuel Johnson, for their moment. All this is another way of writing history. The Arab etymologies of " saffron ", "crimson" and "sugar" speak of England's medieval trade with the Arab world. We have "cheque" and "tariff" from this source too, plus "arithmetic" and "algorithm"-just as we have "etch" and "sketch" from the Dutch, musical terms from the Italians and philosophical ones from the Germans. French nuance and finesse are everywhere. At every stage, the book is about people and ideas on the move, about invasion, refugees, immigrants, traders, colonists and explorers. This is a huge subject and one that is almost bound to provoke question-marks and explosions in the margins-soon forgotten in the book's sheer sweep and scale. A balance between straight history and word history is sometimes difficult to strike, though. There is a feeling, occasionally, of being bundled too fast through complex linguistic developments and usages, or of being given interesting slices of history for the sake, after all, of not much more than a "gong" or a "moccasin". But it is churlish to carp. The author's zest and grasp are wonderful. He makes you want to check out everything-" carp" and "zest" included. Whatever is hybrid, fluid and unpoliced about English delights him. English has never had its Acad mie Francaise, but over the centuries it has not lacked furious defenders against foreign "corruption". There have been rearguard actions to preserve its "manly" pre-Norman origins, even to reconstruct it along Anglo-Saxon lines: "wheel- saddle" for bicycle, "painlore" for pathology. But the omnivorous beast is rampant still. More people speak it as their second language than as their first. Forget the language of Shakespeare. It's "Globish" now, the language of aspiration. No one owns it, a cause for despair to some. Mr. Hitchings admits to wincing occasionally, but almost on principle he is more cheerful than not.

单选题 Though your parents probably meant your name to last a lifetime, remember that the hopes and dreams they cherished when they chose it may not match yours. If your name no longer seems to {{U}} {{U}} 41 {{/U}} {{/U}}you, don't despair; you aren't {{U}} {{U}} 42 {{/U}} {{/U}}with the label. Screen stars{{U}} {{U}} 43 {{/U}} {{/U}}tailor their names, and with some determination, you can, too. Legal rules are more {{U}} {{U}} 44 {{/U}} {{/U}}in this matter than you might expect. How many newlyweds, {{U}} {{U}} 45 {{/U}} {{/U}}, are aware that no law requires a woman to {{U}} {{U}} 46 {{/U}} {{/U}}her husband's name? Not only that, but in most states parents can give their children any name they wish, {{U}} {{U}} 47 {{/U}} {{/U}}it's not that of either parent. Jane Fonda and Tom Hayden, for example, named their son Tony Garrity. If you do wish to {{U}} {{U}} 48 {{/U}} {{/U}}a new name, you don't need an attorney to make the switch official. {{U}} {{U}} 49 {{/U}} {{/U}}common law, all that's necessary is to start using the name of your choice. Remember, {{U}} {{U}} 50 {{/U}} {{/U}}, that you must use it everywhere-even {{U}} {{U}} 51 {{/U}} {{/U}}your mother-for it to become your {{U}} {{U}} 52 {{/U}} {{/U}}name. You must also change all your identification papers and {{U}} {{U}} 53 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Your Social Security number will remain the same; just fill {{U}} {{U}} 54 {{/U}} {{/U}}form SS-5 at your local Social Security office, and they'll {{U}} {{U}} 55 {{/U}} {{/U}}the Internal Revenue Service. Be sure to practice your new signature until you write it naturally and {{U}} {{U}} 56 {{/U}} {{/U}} Getting friends to call you Leah instead of Lola may be harder than any paperwork {{U}} {{U}} 57 {{/U}} {{/U}}, but you'll probably encounter official resistance, too. Be assured that no law should {{U}} {{U}} 58 {{/U}} {{/U}}you from using whatever name you've established for any transaction, {{U}} {{U}} 59 {{/U}} {{/U}}it's not for purposes of fraud, unfair competition, or to otherwise {{U}} {{U}} 60 {{/U}} {{/U}}any illegal activity.

单选题The writer seems to recommend that the concentration of concern should be placed on

单选题The cellphone, a device we have lived with for more than a decade, offers a good example of a popular technology's unforeseen side effects. More than one billion are (1) around the world, and when asked, their (2) say they love their phones for the safety and convenience (3) provide. People also report that they are (4) in their use of their phones. One opinion survey (5) that "98 percent of Americans say they move away from (6) when talking on a wireless phone in public" (7) "86 percent say they 'never' or 'rarely' speak (8) wireless phones" when conducting (9) with clerks or bank tellers. Clearly, there exists a (10) between our reported cell phone behavior and our actual behavior. Cellphone users--that is to say, most of us--are (11) instigators and victims of this form of conversational panhandling, and it (12) a cumulatively negative effect on social space. As the sociologist Erving Gotfman observed in another (13) , there is something deeply disturbing about people who are" (14) contact" in social situations because they are blatantly refusing to (15) to the norms of their immediate environment. Placing a cellphone call in public instantly transforms the strangers around you (16) unwilling listeners who must cede to your use of the public (17) , a decidedly undemocratic effect for so democratic a technology. Listeners don't always passively (18) this situation: in recent years, people have been pepper-sprayed in movie theaters, (19) from concert hails and deliberately rammed with cars as a result of (20) behavior on their cellphones.

单选题"Mylar" in line 1 of the third paragraph is ______.

单选题{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} In an interview last month, Frank Church, chairman of the Senate committee that is investigating the CIA, issued an oblique but impassioned warning, that the technology of eavesdropping had become so highly developed that Americans might soon be left with "no place to hide". That day may have arrived. Newsweek has learned that the country's most secret intelligence operation, the National Security Agency, already possesses the computerized equipment to monitor nearly all overseas telephone calls and most domestic and international printed messages. The agency's devices monitor thousands of telephone circuits, cable lines and the microwave transmissons that carry an increasing share of both spoken and written communications. Computers are programed to watch for "trigger" words or phrases indicating that a message might interest intelligence analysis, when the trigger is pulled, entire messages are tape-recorded or printed out. That kind of eavesdropping is, however, relatively simple compared with the breakthroughs that lie ahead in the field of snoopery. Already it is technically feasible to "bug" an electric typewriter by picking up its feeble electronic emissions from a remote location and then translating them into words. And some scientists believe that it may be possible in the future for remote electronic equipment to intercept and "read" human brain waves. Where such capabilities exist, so too does the potential for abuse. It is the old story of technology rushing forward with some new wonder, before the man who supposedly control the machines have figure out how to prevent the machines from controlling them.

单选题In which of the following does the author present the passage?

单选题Advertising sells its products by offering seductive promises of youth, beauty, health, money, ease, romance, better lifestyle, even time. There's no logical connection between a car and a cougar, but the image is powerful and presented with sophistication. We buy it and we may well buy the product. When it comes to advertising, let the buyer beware. There are several less-than-candid techniques which advertisers use to get our attention. A product may be filmed or photographed in such a way to make it appear bigger, better, or more luscious. A product may be presented as being "unique", "one-of-a-kind", or "supreme", when in fact it's identical to other products on the market. A product may claim to be "new" or "improved" when only an insignificant change has been made. Finally, an advertiser may offer distorted truths or even tell outright lies. It takes a while for the government or the competition to catch up with false claims in advertising. Meanwhile, the public has been led to believe that a mouth wash can cure the common cold, or that bee pollen retards aging in human skin. The consumer's best defense is awareness. He can listen to, but not learn, the emotional message broadcast by the ad. He can distinguish between what the ad pretends to offer and what it is really selling. A face cream, for example, can only do so much. It can reduce dryness and provide temporary smoothness and moisture to the skin. But it is made in a factory, not in a magician's study. It cannot turn back the clock.

单选题It is hard to box against a southpaw, as Apollo Creed found out when he fought Rocky Balboa in the first of an interminable series of movies. While "Rocky" is fiction, the strategic advantage of being left-handed in a fight is very real, simply because most right-handed people have little experience of fighting left-handers, but not vice versa. And the same competitive advantage is enjoyed by left-handers in other sports, such as tennis and cricket. The orthodox view of human handedness is that it is connected to the bilateral specialization of the brain that has concentrated language-processing functions on the left side of that organ. Because, long ago in the evolutionary past, an ancestor of humans (and all other vertebrate animals ) underwent a contortion that twisted its head around 180° relative to its body, the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body, and vice versa. In humans, the left brain (and thus the right body ) is usually dominant. And on average, left-handers are smaller and lighter than right-handers. That should put them at an evolutionary disadvantage. Sporting advantage notwithstanding, therefore, the existence of left-handedness poses a problem for biologists. But Charlotte Faurie and Michel Raymond, of the University of Montpellier Ⅱ, in France, think they know the answer. As they report in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, there is a clue in the advantage seen in boxing. As any schoolboy could tell you, winning fights enhances your status. If, in prehistory, this translated into increased reproductive success, it might have been enough to maintain a certain proportion of left-handers in the population, by balancing the costs of being left- handed with the advantages gained in fighting. If that is true, then there will be a higher proportion of left-handers in societies with higher levels of violence, since the advantages of being left-handed will be enhanced in such societies. Dr Faurie and Dr Raymond set out to test this hypothesis. Fighting in modern societies often involves the use of technology, notably firearms, that is unlikely to give any advantage to left-handers. So Dr Faurie and Dr Raymond decided to confine their investigation to the proportion of left-handers and the level of violence (by number of homicides) in traditional societies. By trawling the literature, checking with police departments, and even going out into the field and asking people, the two researchers found that the proportion of left-handers in a traditional society is, indeed, correlated with its homicide rate. One of the highest proportions of left-handers, for example, was found among the Yanomamo of South America. Raiding and warfare are central to Yanomamo culture. The murder rate is 4 per 1000 inhabitants per year (compared with, for example, 0.068 in New York). And, according to Dr Faurie and Dr Raymond, 22.6% of Yanomamo are left-handed. In contrast, Dioula-speaking people of Burkina Faso in West Africa are virtual pacifists. There are only 0.013 murders per 1000 inhabitants among them and only 3.4% of the population is left- handed. While there is no suggestion that left-handed people are more violent than the right- handed, it looks as though they are more successfully violent. Perhaps that helps to explain the double meaning of the word "sinister".

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} Even to his contemporaries, Rochester was a legendary figure One of the youngest and most handsome courtiers of the restored Charles Ⅱ. he was the favorite of a king whose wit, lasciviousness and serious intellectual interests he shared. He was banished from court several times, but Charles's pleasure in his conversation always resulted in his recall. His authentic adventures included the attempted abduction of an heiress (whom he later married), smashing a phallic-shaped sundial in the royal gardens during a drunken celebrity, and a violent quarrel with the watch at Epsom in which one of his companions was killed. Quite apart from his reputation as a poet. he was feted in the writings of his friends, notably in Sir George Etherege's comedy, "The Man of Mode". Just before he died in 1680. at the age of 33. destroyed by alcoholism and syphilis. Rochester's legend took a surprising turn. After a series of conversations with an Anglican rationalist divine. Gilbert Burner, the skeptical libertine made a death- bed conversion which was celebrated in the devotional literature of the succeeding century. Charming as it is. the Rochester legend has always been a distraction It has resulted in many apocryphal stories and uncertain attributions, and it can still divert attention from the poetry. It is Rochester's achievement as a poet which commands our interest and makes him something more than a luridly colorful period, figure. For all the brevity of his career, Rochester is a crucial figure in the development of English verse satire and file Horatian epistle, a student of his elder French contemporary Boileau. and an important exemplar for later poets as different as Alexander Pope and Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea. Cephas Goldsworthy's "The Satyr" gives us the legend. Although there are no footnotes to sources, the book shows some acquaintance with modem Rochester scholarship and its rejection of spurious verse from his canon—but only intermittently. Anecdotes concerning Rochester and his crony George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. are retailed without any indication that they have, in fact. been discredited; poems no longer attributed to Rochester are cited as if they were authentic. Mr. Goldsworthy quotes liberally from the poetry, but repeatedly reads it as straightforward autobiography. For example, we are told that "My dear mistress has a heart" is addressed to. Elizabeth Barry, an actress, which is incautious given the uncertain dating of this song, and indeed of most of Rochester's poems. More generally, while of course some of the satires include references to actual persons, as often as not in 17th-century love poetry the emotion is genuine but the addressee is fictitious. A less simplistic way to relate Rochester's poetry to his life would be to read the former as an exploiation of what it means to live according to libertine values. In his best satires and even some of the lyrics he articulated an anti-rational .{{U}}nihilistic{{/U}} vision scarcely found elsewhere in English verse. Such a task belongs to a critical biography. There is no mistaking Mr. Goldsworthy's enthusiasm for his subject, but his book is essentially biography as entertainment.

单选题When lab rats sleep, their brains revisit the maze they navigated during the day, according to a new study (1) yesterday, offering some of the strongest evidence (2) that animals do indeed dream. Experiments with sleeping rats found that cells in the animals' brains fire in a distinctive pattern (3) the pattern that occurs when they are (4) and trying to learn their way around a maze. Based on the results, the researchers concluded the rats were dreaming about the maze, (5) reviewing what they had learned while awake to (6) the memories. Researchers have long known that animals go (7) the same types of sleep phases that people do, including rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, which is when people dream. But (8) the occasional twitching, growling or barking that any dog owner has (9) in his or her sleeping pet, there's been (10) direct evidence that animals (11) . If animals dream, it suggests they might have more (12) mental functions than had been (13) . "We have as humans felt that this (14) of memory—our ability to recall sequences of experiences—was something that was (15) human," Wilson said. "The fact that we see this in rodents (16) suggest they can evaluate their experience in a significant way. Animals may be (17) about more than we had previously considered." The findings also provide new support for a leading theory for (18) humans sleep—to solidify new learning. "People are now really nailing down the fact that the brain during sleep is (19) its activity at least for the time immediately before sleep and almost undoubtedly using that review to (20) or integrate those memories into more usable forms," said an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.

单选题The word "obsessed" (Line 4, Paragraph 1) may mean

单选题In 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the Internet. Books, compact discs, and even stocks were (1) from World Wide Websites that seemed to (2) almost daily a few years earlier, some people had predicted that consuners accustomed to shopping in stores would be (3) to buy things that they could not see or touch (4) . For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient (5) to driving to the store. A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers could purchase $ 7.3 billion of goods over the Internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier, (6) the rise of online auctions and Websites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best (7) . For all the consumer interest, (8) in eyberspaee was still a largely (9) business, however. Internet pioneer Amazon. eom, which began selling books in 1995 and later (10) into recorded music and videos, posted (11) of $ 153.7 million in the third quarter, up from $ 37.9 million in the same period of 1997. Overall, (12) , the company' s loss widened to $ 45.2 million from $9.6 million, and analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit (13) 2001. (14) the great loss, Amazon. tom had a stock market value of many billions, reflecting investors' (15) about the future of the industry. Internet retailing appealed (16) investors because it provided an efficient means for reaching millions of consumers without having the cost of operating (17) stores with their armies of salespeople. Selling online carried its own risks, however, (18) so many companies competing tor consumers' attention, price competition was (19) and profit (20) thin or nonexistent.