If open-source software is supposed to be free

1 That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth- century sculptor

Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay

Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay

Legislation to turn every school in England into an academy independent of local authority control will be unveiled in the budget. Draft legislation, to be published possibly as early as Thursday, will begin the process of implementing a pledge made by David Cameron in his conference speech last autumn. The prime minister said his "vision for our schooling system" was to place education into the hands of headteachers and teachers rather than "bureaucrats" The white paper will come just days before the government's education and adoption bill is made law. That bill was introduced to "sweep away bureaucratic and legal loopholes" and speed up the process of dealing with failing schools by taking them out of local authority control and putting them in the hands of academy sponsors. Concerns have already been raised about whether there would be enough good sponsors to take on schools. With many more schools facing academisation, that task will be even greater at a time when some academy trusts are facing criticism for underachievement. Teachers' unions, who have been critical of the academisation process, said parents and teachers would be outraged. Kevin Courtney, the deputy general secretary of the National Union of Teachers, said: "Finally the government has come clean on its education priorities and admitted that its real agenda all along has been that every school must become an academy. The fig leaf of 'parental choice', 'school autonomy' and 'raising standards' has finally been dropped and the government's real agenda has been laid bare—all schools removed from collaborative structures within a local authority family of schools, all schools instead run by remote academy trusts, unaccountable to parents, staff or local communities." Councils reacted angrily to the news. Councillor Roy Perry, chairman of the Local Government Association's children and young people board, said: "Only 15% of the largest academy chains perform above the national average in terms of pupil progress, compared with 44% of council-run schools." "It's vital that we concentrate on the quality of education and a school's ability to deliver the best results for children, rather than on the legal status of a school, to make sure that we're providing the education and support needed in each area," he said. "We oppose forced academisation and giving significant powers relating to education to unelected civil servants with parents and residents unable to hold them to account at the ballot box." Schools in England will turn into academies because of ______.

British parents encourage their children to play musical instruments as part of a family tradition a

Imagine a world in which getting fitted with a new heart, liver or set of kidneys

A. Invest in the relationship

Empirical and experimental philosophy has no quarrel with science

Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 21 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 22 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 23 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 24 position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should 25 enter into a broad flexible training program that will 26 them for a field of work rather than for a single 27 . Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 28 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 29 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 30 . Some drift from job to job. Others 31 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for 32 real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students—or their parents for them—choose the professional field, 33 both the relatively small proportion of work vacancies in the professions but the extremely high educational and personal 34 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "white-collar" job is 35 good reason for choosing it as life's work. 36 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 37 of young people should give serious 38 to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 39 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take 40 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.

It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out

Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay

Exactly where we will stand in the long war against disease by the year 2050 is impossible to say

MySpace and other Web sites have unleashed a potent new phenomenon of social networking in cyberspace, 1 at the same time, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that traditional social 2 play a surprisingly powerful and under-recognized role in influencing how people behave. The latest research comes from Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, at the Harvard Medical School, and Dr. James H. Fowler, at the University of California at San Diego. The 3 reported last summer that obesity appeared to 4 from one person to another 5 social networks, almost like a virus or a fad. In a follow-up to that provocative research, the team has produced 6 findings about another major health 7 : smoking. In a study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, the team found that a person's decision to 8 the habit is strongly affected by 9 other people in their social network quit—even people they do not know. And, surprisingly, entire networks of smokers appear to quit virtually 10 . For 11 of their studies, they 12 of detailed records kept between 1971 and 2003 about 5,124 people who participated in the landmark Framingham Heart Study. Because many of the subjects had ties to the Boston suburb of Framingham, Mass., many of the participants were 13 somehow-through spouses, neighbors, friends, co-workers—enabling the researchers to study a network that 14 12,067 people. Taken together, these studies are 15 a growing recognition that many behaviors are 16 by social networks in 17 that have not been fully understood. And 18 may be possible, the researchers say, to harness the power of these networks for many 19 , such as encouraging safe sex, getting more people to exercise or even 20 crime.

Sunday nights in Paris are busy on the northern tip of the Canal Saint-Martin. On either side of the water, two groups form long ordered queues, albeit for different reasons. One queue is for those hoping to buy something to eat from a new gourmet hamburger truck (hour-long waits are normal). The other queue, almost all young North African men, is for those hoping to find a seat on a bus to a homeless shelter on the outskirts of the city. Paris is no stranger to such contrasts. Luxury and penury have always coexisted there in uneasy tension. But now a growing number of homeless are stretching the limits of the city's generosity. Nobody knows how many homeless there are in Paris. Data collection is meagre and infrequent. The last meaningful estimate by INSEE, France's national statistics office, dates from the mid 2000s and pegged the number, including those sleeping rough or in emergency shelters on any given night at around 12,000. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the number is considerably higher today. Despite a big expansion in shelter capacity since 2004, demand still outstrips supply. Calls to an emergency number run by Samusocial de Paris, a government-funded charity that allocates beds in emergency shelters, doubled between 2009 and 2010. "Our problem is too much bureaucracy and centralisation," explains Mr. Damon. Dealing with homelessness, he argues, should be the exclusive responsibility of the Paris city council. Instead, at least 12 different government bodies are charged with caring for the homeless in Paris. Overlapping responsibility means duplication. Paris has three separate publicly funded groups that transport homeless people to shelters. Some complain about being woken up over the course of an evening by different homeless services. Philippe Redom, a 56-year-old rough sleeper and former chef, prefers to remain in his niche outside an office block. The shelters are "too big and there is no privacy". Yet the most useful fix would be for rough sleepers to go closer to the top of the queue for permanent public housing, as happens in London with good results. The problem is not just that there are not enough houses, but also that the wrong people tend to get them. However welcoming the streets of Paris, the homeless would do better with a roof over their heads. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that Paris is a city ______.

More than any other date on the calendar, Thanksgiving has remained private and personal

"I like money and nice things

Sometimes the biggest changes in society are the hardest to spot precisely because they are hiding in plain sight. It could well be that way with wireless communications. Something that people think of as just another technology is beginning to show signs of changing lives, culture, politics, cities, jobs, even marriages dramatically. In particular, it will usher in a new version of a very old idea: nomadism. Futurology is a dangerous business, and it is true that most of the important arguments about mobile communications at the moment are to do with technology or regulation—bandwidth, spectrum use and so on. Yet it is worth jumping ahead and wondering what the social effects will be, for two reasons. First, the broad technological future is pretty clear: there will be ever faster cellular networks, and many more gadgets to connect to these networks. Second, the social changes are already visible: parents on beaches waving at their children while typing furtively on their BlackBerrys; entrepreneurs discovering they don't need offices at all. Everybody is doing more on the move. Wireless technology is surely not just an easier-to-use phone. The car divided cities into work and home areas; wireless technology may mix them up again, with more people working in suburbs or living in city centers. Traffic patterns are beginning to change again: the rush hours at 9am and 5pm are giving way to more varied patterns, with people going backwards and forwards between the office, home and all sorts of other places throughout the day. Already, architects are redesigning offices and universities: more flexible spaces for meeting people, fewer private enclosures for sedentary work. Will it be a better life? In some ways, yes. Digital nomadism will liberate ever more knowledge workers from the cubicle prisons as depicted in Mr. Dilbert's cartoons. But the old tyranny of place could become a new tyranny of time, as nomads who are "always on" all too often end up—mentally—anywhere but here. As for friends and family, permanent mobile connectivity could have the same effect as nomadism: it might bring you much closer to family and friends, but it may make it harder to bring in outsiders. Sociologists fret about constant e-mailers and texters losing the everyday connections to casual acquaintances or strangers sitting next to them in the cafe or on the bus. The same tools have another dark side, turning everybody into a fully equipped paparazzo. Some fitness clubs have started banning mobile phones near the treadmills and showers lest exercising people find themselves pictured, flabby and sweaty, on some website. As in the desert, so in the city: nomadism promises the heaven of new freedom, but it also signals the hell of constant surveillance by the tribe. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that ______.

Exactly where we will stand in the long war against disease by the year 2050 is impossible to say

Northern Europeans will not forget the name Eyjafjallajokull (埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖) in a hurry