A. The upshot was the same as her findings from the World Values Survey

WhilecoalproductionandusedroppedsignificantlyinAmerica,inEurope"wehavesomekindofgoldenageofcoal,"saysAnneSophieCorbeauoftheInternationalEnergyAgency.Theamountofelectricity1fromcoalisrisingatanannual2of50%insomeEuropeancountries.Sincecoalisthe3pollutingsourceofelectricity,withmoregreenhousegasproducedperKWH(千瓦时)thananyotherfossilfuel,thisis4toEuropeanenvironmentalaspirations.5didithappen?AsAmericanutilities6intogas,Americancoalminershadto7fornewmarkets.ThishappenedwhenslowingChinesedemandwaspushingdownworldcoalprices,whichmakeEuropeanutilities8buyers.Comparedwiththerock-bottompriceofgasinAmerica,coalisnot9thatcheap.Butitisa10comparedwiththegaspriceinEurope.11gascanbecartedaroundinliquidform,thatisexpensiveandtheinfrastructurerequiredisstillpatchy;forthemostpart,gasisshiftedthroughpipelines,andtendstobeused12towhereitoriginates.So13coalhasworld-marketprices,gashasregionalprices,often14inonewayoranothertotheoilprice.ManyEuropeangascontractswere15yearsagowiththeRussiangasgiant,Gazprom,andgaspriceshave16high.Gazpromhassaiditwillcutprices,butthatmaymakelittledifference.SocoalischeaperthangasinEuropeandis17toremainso,partlybecauseEurope'sdomesticgasindustryismanyyears18America'sandpartlybecauseitwilltaketimeforEuropetobuildaninfrastructuretoimport19naturalgasinlargeamounts.PowerutilitiesinGermanywereset,20,tolose11.70whentheyburnedgastomakeaMW(兆瓦特)ofelectricity,buttoearn14.22perMWwhentheyburnedcoal.

Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe's data guardians have become more assertive. Francesca Bignami, a professor at George Washington University's law school, says that the explosion of digital technologies has made it impossible for watchdogs to keep a close eye on every web company operating in their backyard. So instead they are relying more on scapegoating prominent wrongdoers in the hope that this will deter others. But regulators such as Peter Schaar, who heads Germany's federal data-protection agency, say the gulf is exaggerated. Some European countries, he points out, now have rules that make companies who suffer big losses of customer data to report these to the authorities. The inspiration for these measures comes from America. Yet even Mr. Schaar admits that the internet's global scale means that there will need to be changes on both sides of the Atlantic. He hints that Europe might adopt a more flexible regulatory stance if America were to create what amounts to an independent data-protection body along European lines. In Europe, where the flagship Data Protection Directive came into effect in 1995, the European Commission is conducting a review of its privacy policies. In America Congress has begun debating a new privacy bill and the Federal Trade Commission is considering an overhaul of its rules. Even if America and Europe do narrow their differences, internet firms will still have to struggle with other data watchdogs. In Asia countries that belong to APEC are trying to develop a set of regional guidelines for privacy rules under an initiative known as the Data Privacy Pathfinder. Some countries such as Australia and New Zealand have longstanding privacy laws, but many emerging nations have yet to roll out fully fledged versions of their own. Mr. Polonetsky sees Asia as "a new privacy battleground", with America and Europe both keen to tempt countries towards their own regulatory model. Canada already has something of a hybrid privacy regime, which may explain why its data-protection commissioner, Jennifer Stoddart, has been so influential on the international stage. She marshaled the signatories of the Google Buzz letter and took Facebook to task last year for breaching Canada's data privacy laws, which led the company to change its policies. Ms Stoddart argues that American companies often trip up on data-privacy issues because of "their brimming optimism that the whole world wants what they have rolled out in America." Yet the same optimism has helped to create global companies that have brought huge benefits to consumers, while also presenting privacy regulators with tough choices. Shoehorning such firms into old privacy frameworks will not benefit either them or their users. According to paragraph 1, web watchdogs ______.

A. Analyzing your own taste B. Being cautious when experimenting C

In a sweeping change to how most of its 1

Marion Nestle's heavyweight polemic against Coca-Cola and PepsiCo comes at an odd moment for the industry. Americans are drinking fewer 1 sodas—in the past year production was 23% below what it had been a decade earlier and even sales of diet drinks are losing their fizz, as consumers question the 2 of artificial sweeteners. Yet in America companies still produce 30 gallons of 3 (not diet) fizzy drinks per person per year. Drinking a lot of sweet fizzy drinks is 4 unhealthy. Unlike a Big Mac, they have no nutritional 5 ; nor do their calories 6 hunger. One large study found that for each could be added to a person's daily diet, the risk of diabetes 7 by 22%. There are also links between sugar and heart disease, stroke and cancer. Fizzy drink companies 8 Ms. Nestle describes as an extraordinarily broad team of allies are skilled at escaping from 9 at regulation. That 10 friends, such as employees, bottlers and distributors, as well as the restaurants, cinemas, shops and sports stadiums that 11 their products. But the companies are also astute 12 . In 2011 Philadelphia was 13 a soda tax. After the soda lobby offered a big donation to the city's children's hospital, the idea 14 . Drinks companies must also 15 with a small army of health advocates, among which Ms. Nestle is a major-general. 16 the slow decline of soda in America, she and her allies are 17 . Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are peddling healthier drinks, such as bottled water. 18 , as they try to face down a long-term threat while 19 near-term profits, they are still 20 their syrupy fare.

The horse and carriage is thing of the past

There is an old saying that philosophy bakes no bread

Recently

The United States is widely recognized to have a private economy because privately owned businesses play 21 roles. The American free enterprise system 22 private ownership more than public sectors. Private businesses produce 23 goods and services, 24 almost two-thirds of the nation's total economic output goes to 25 for personal use. The consumer role is 26 great, in fact, that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a " 27 economy" This emphasis 28 private ownership arises, 29 , from American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time the nation was 30 , Americans have 31 excessive government power, and they have sought to 32 government's authority over individuals—including its role in the economic realm. 33 , Americans generally believe that an economy largely with private ownership is likely to operate more 34 than 35 with substantial government ownership. When economic forces are unfettered, Americans believe, supply and demand 36 the price of good and services. Prices, in turn, tell businesses what to produce; if people want more of a particular good than the economy is producing, the price of the goods 37 . That catches the attention of new or other companies that, 38 an opportunity to earn profit, start producing more 39 that goods. On the other hand, if people want less of the goods, prices fall and less competitive producers either go out of business or start producing 40 goods.

If the 1980s were about quality and the 1990s were about re-engineering

Mountain View, Calif.—The humanities are kaput

Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay

A. Have a backup plan B. Create separate spheres immediately C. Work somewhere else first D

Directions: Suppose your friend Susan is going to graduate and wants to have an internship in a co

AnthropologistshavelongspeculatedthatearlyhumansmayhavematedwithNeanderthals,butthelateststudyprovidesthestrongestevidencesofar,suggestingthatsuchencounterstookplacearound60,000yearsagointheMiddleEast.Small,pioneeringgroupsofmodernhumansbegantoleaveAfrica80,000yearsagoandreachedlandoccupiedbytheNeanderthalsastheyspreadintoEurasia.ThetwomayhavelivedalongsideeachotherinsmallgroupsuntiltheNeanderthalsdiedout30,000yearsago.ScientistsledbySvantetookfouryearstosequencethewholeNeanderthalgenomefrompowderedbonefragmentstakenfromthreefemaleswholivedinEurope40,000yearsago.ToseehowsimilartheNeanderthalwastomodernhumans,theteamcomparedtheancientDNAwiththegenomesoffivepeoplefromFrance,China,southernAfrica,westernAfricaandPapuaNewGuinea.Thestudyisthefirsttoattemptawhole-genomecomparisonbetweenNeanderthalsandmodernhumans.TheresearchersfoundthatmodernhumansandNeanderthalsshared99.7%oftheirDNA,whichwasinheritedfromacommonancestor400,000yearsago.FurtheranalysisrevealedthatNeanderthalsweremorecloselyrelatedtomodernhumanswholeftAfricathantothedescendantsofthosewhostayed.Between1%and4%oftheDNAinmodernEuropeans,AsiansandthoseasfarafieldasPapuaNewGuinea,wasinheritedfromNeanderthals."ThoseofuswholiveoutsideAfricacarryalittleNeanderthalinus,"saidProfessor"NeanderthalsprobablymixedwithearlymodernhumansbeforeHomosapienssplitintodifferentgroupsinEuropeandAsia.Thecomparisonofthesetwogeneticsequencesenablesustofindoutwhereourgenomediffersfromthatofourclosestrelative."InterbreedingbetweenhumansandNeanderthalsmaynonethelesshavebeenrare.JusttwoNeanderthalfemalesinagroupofaroundahundredhumanswouldhavebeenenoughtoleavesuchatraceinourgenome,providedthatwasthegroupthatgaverisetoallmodernhumansoutsideAfrica.ThestudywasgreetedbyscientistsasalmostcertainconfirmationthatmodernhumansandNeanderthalsmatedwhenthegroupscrossedpaths."Itcertainlytellsussomethingabouthumannature,"saidChrisStringer,headofhumanoriginsattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon.EdGreen,aseniorauthoronthestudysaid:"Howthesepeopleswouldhaveinteractedculturallyisnotsomethingwecanspeculateoninanymeaningfulway.Butknowingthattherewasgeneflowisimportant,anditisfascinatingtothinkabouthowthatmayhavehappened."

A

It's well known that being bilingual has cognitive benefits: switching between two languages has bee

"Ah, yes, divorce", Robin Williams once mused

In the 1950s