Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which should: 1) Describe

When the Federal Communications Commission proposed giving low-power radio stations licenses on the FM dial, they knew they'd get flak from big broadcasting. The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), after all, spends millions of dollars every year lobbying to keep everybody else off the radio spectrum-even locally managed, noncommercial stations that broadcast only within a four-mile radius. Sure enough, when the FCC proposed its new regulations, the NAB began screaming about all the terrible things those tiny radio transmitters could do to the big ones, whose signals are 500 times as strong and whose reach is nearly 20 times as far. It was a pretty thin argument. So thin, in fact, that for a while it appeared the proposed regulations might survive the lobbying onslaught. And then the FCC and its allies ran into a most unlikely opponent, one with the moral authority to do real damage to their cause: National Public Radio. One might easily assume that NPR would look out for the public interest. After all, NPR was born from the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, which called for it to "encourage the development of programming that involves creative risks and that addresses the needs of unserved and underserved audiences" while creating "programs of high quality, diversity, creativity, excellence, and innovation which are obtained from diverse sources." The charter, in other words, describes exactly the kind of programming low-power radio might provide, particularly in rural or heavily immigrant communities where locally oriented programming could be more useful than nationally syndicated shows. But the well-meaning lefties at NPR didn't see low-power radio as a potential ally or kindred spirit. They saw it just as the big broadcasters did—as a threat—and tried to squash it in much the same way. They may have succeeded. NPR's lobbying supported a last-minute rider in December's Senate appropriations bill (which eventually became law). This amendment severely handicaps the low-power radio initiative. Specifically, it limits the licensing of low-power radio to just nine test markets, enforcing restrictions that effectively keep it out of urban areas and other major markets. It also mandates testing to determine the economic impact on established broadcasters. And, though John McCain has vowed to continue the fight for low power, for now at least NPR has won the day. The primary motivation behind opening the airwaves to low-power radio was to undo the damage wrought by the em>Telecommunications Act of/em> 1996. That law was supposed to increase competition on the airwaves. Instead, it consolidated control of radio stations in the hands of a few large, national companies that syndicate programs (or even whole broadcasts) to their affiliates, thus squeezing out local programming. By allowing small, noncommercial stations, to break into the spectrum, the FCC hoped to reintroduce local material in places where it has all but vanished. In its application process, the FCC privileged local content and community involvement—for example, assigning spectrum space to stations in primarily Latino areas that broadcast family-planning information in Spanish. Part of the application asked aspiring broadcasters how their stations would serve their neighborhoods. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1?

The United States is widely recognized to have a private economy because privately owned business play 1 roles. The American free enterprise system 2 private ownership more than public sectors. Private businesses produce 3 goods and services, 4 almost two-thirds of the nation's total economic output goes to 5 for personal use. The consumer role is 6 great, in fact, that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a " 7 economy". This emphasis 8 private ownership arises, 9 , from American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time the nation was 10 , Americans have 11 excessive government power, and they have sought to 12 government's authority over individuals—including its role in the economic realm. 13 Americans generally believe that an economy largely with private ownership is likely to operate more 14 than 15 with substantial government ownership. When economic forces are unfettered, Americans believe, supply and demand 16 the prices of goods and services. Prices, in turn, tell businesses what to produce; if people want more of particular goods than the economy is producing, the price of the goods 17 . That catches the attention of new or other companies that, 18 an opportunity to earn profits, start producing more 19 that goods. On the other hand, if people want less of the goods, prices fall and less competitive producers either go out of business or start producing 20 goods.

Have you ever thought about what happens to your employees right before they get to work? Sometimes

One of the silliest things in our recent history was the use of "Victorian" as a term of contempt or abuse. It had been made fashionable by Lytton Strachey with his clever, superficial and ultimately empty book em>Eminent Victorians/em>, in which he damned with faint praise such Victorian heroes as General Gordon and Florence Nightingale. Strachey's demolition job was clever because it ridiculed the Victorians for exactly those qualities on which they prided themselves—their high mindedness, their marked moral intensity, their desire to improve the human condition and their confidence that they had done so. However, before the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Victoria this year, that there were signs these sneering attitudes were beginning to change. Programmes on radio and television about Victoria and the age that was named after her managed to humble themselves only about half the time. People were beginning to realize that there was something heroic about that epoch and, perhaps, to fear that the Victorian age was the last age of greatness for this country. Now a new book, em>What The Victorians Did For Us/em>, aims further to redress the balance and remind us that, in most essentials, our own age is really an extension of what the Victorians created. You can start with the list of Victorian inventions. They were great lovers of gadgets from the smallest domestic ones to new ways of propelling ships throughout the far-flung Empire. In medicine, an anaesthesia (developed both here and in America) allowed surgeons much greater time in which to operate—and hence to work on the inner organs of the body—not to mention reducing the level of pain and fear of patients. To the Victorians we also owe lawn tennis, a nationwide football association under the modem rules, powered funfair rides, and theatres offering mass entertainment. And, of course, the modern seaside is almost entirely a Victorian invention. There is, of course, a darker side to the Victorian period. Everyone knows about it mostly because the Victorians catalogued it themselves. Henry Mayhew's wonderful set of volumes on the lives of the London poor, and official reports on prostitution, on the workhouses and on child labour—reports and their statistics that were used by Marx when he wrote Das em>Kapital/em>—testify to the social conscience that was at the center of "Victorian values" But now, surely, we can appreciate the Victorian achievement for what it was—the creation of the modern world. And when we compare the age of Tennyson and Darwin, of John Henry Newman and Carlyle, with our own, the only sensible reaction is one of humility: "We are our father's shadows cast at noon". According to the author, Lytton Strachey's book em>Eminent Victorians/em> ______.

In Japan

As long as her parents can remember

Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals

In 2010

Directions: Your university president is going to cancel school buses

Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution

Members of the National Union of Teachers strike and march through central London to highlight the discontent felt by those in the profession. The NUT has called the strike to demand increased funding for schools; guaranteed terms and conditions of employment in all types of schools; and the resumption of negotiations on teachers' unsustainable workloads. For showing our concern we stand accused of carelessly treating our students like collateral damage, pitilessly "playing politics" with their futures. Asking for an increase in school funding is an acknowledgment of the negative impact that slashed budgets will have on children. We are doing this because we are at crisis point: the Leeds Schools Forum has calculated that state schools in England are now set to lose ￡1bn a year, roughly the equivalent of 20,000 full-time teaching posts; the Institute for Fiscal Studies forecasts a 7% cut in spending per pupil by 2020—the steepest cut since the 1970s. This is against a backdrop of a commitment to make all schools academies by 2020—a policy favoured because it will ensure no school has to honour national terms and conditions. What's more, the public purse can foot the bill. Apparently a win-win, unless you are a teacher, parent or child. Academies have already meant an explosion in unqualified teachers with wage slips reflecting this, yet they will be expected to put in the weeks of 50 hours plus that are necessary just to tread water. For its part the government will continue to institute botched curriculum changes almost annually but avoid meaningful negotiations over an unsustainable workload. We can't go on this way. Teachers are confronted with larger class sizes, being asked to do more with less, and a threat to whether we can even secure a living wage. Yet when Nick Gibb, the schools minister, was asked about how ministers could assure a "nationally guaranteed level of pay", he responded: "It's odd to hear people complaining that we are going to cut teacher salaries and at the same time stating there is a shortage of teachers and that it is difficult to recruit teachers. The free market will ensure the salaries... We are living in a strong economy and we have to compete for graduates with companies up and down the country. And that is what will secure high salaries for the teaching profession." Schools are facing a 12% cut in real terms to their budgets, the result of pension and national insurance contributions during a funding freeze. Quite how the free market will come to save the day is anyone's guess. The teachers' striking is triggered mainly by ______.

Directions: Professor Wang Wei gave you a hand when your delegation visited his university

Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing

In general

The past year or two has tested the idea that all publicity is good publicity, at least when it comes to business. Undeserved bonuses, plunging share prices and government bail-outs, among other ills, have aroused the anger of the media and public-and created a windfall for public-relations firms. The recession has increased corporate demand for PR, analysts say, and enhanced the industry's status. "We used to be the tail on the dog," says Richard Edelman, the boss of Edelman. But now, he continues, PR is "the organizing principle" behind many business decisions. PR has done well in part because it is often cheaper than mass advertising campaigns. Its impact, in the form of favorable coverage in the media or online, can also be more easily measured. Moreover, PR firms are beginning to expand into territory that used to be the domain of advertising firms, a sign of their increasing clout. They used chiefly to pitch story ideas to media outlets and try to get their clients mentioned in newspapers. Now they also dream up and organize live events, web launches and the like. "When you look at advertising versus public relations, it's not going to be those clearly different," says Christopher Graves, the boss of Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide. "It may be indistinguishable at some point where one ends and the other begins." PR has also benefited from the changing media landscape. The withering of many traditional media outlets has left fewer journalists from fewer firms covering business. That makes PR doubly important, both for attracting journalists' attention, and for helping firms bypass old routes altogether and disseminate news by posting press releases on their websites, for example. The rise of the internet and social media has given PR a big boost. Many big firms have a presence on social-networking sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, overseen by PR staff. PR firms are increasingly called on to track what consumers are saying about their clients online and to respond directly to any negative commentary. Perhaps the best indication of PR's growing importance is the attention it is attracting from regulators. They are worried that PR firms do not make it clear enough that they are behind much seemingly independent commentary on blogs and social networks. In October America's Federal Trade Commission published new guidelines for bloggers, requiring them to disclose whether they had been paid by companies or received free merchandise. Further regulation is likely. But that will not hamper PR's growth. After all, companies that fall foul of the rules will need the help of a PR firm. Richard Edelman's statements indicate that ______.

Since the Nov.4 election

The iPad's impending arrival has created a commercial intrigue. A group of big publishers, including Macmillan and HarperCollins, have been using Apple's interest in e-books to persuade Amazon to renegotiate its pricing model. Like many other parts of the media industry, publishing is being radically reshaped by the growth of the Internet. Online retailers are already among the biggest distributors of books. Now e-books threaten to undermine sales of the old-fashioned kind. Mobclix, an advertising outfit, reckons the number of programs, or apps, for books on Apple's iPhone recently surpassed that for games, previously the largest category. In response, publishers are trying to shore up their conventional business while preparing for a future in which e-books will represent a much bigger chunk of sales. For some time they have operated a "wholesale" pricing model with Amazon under which the online retailer pays publishers for books and then decides what it charges the public for them. This has enabled it to set the price of many new e-book titles and bestsellers at $ 9.99, which is often less than it has paid for them. Amazon has kept prices low in order to boost demand for its Kindle, which dominates the e-reader market but faces stiff competition from Sony and others. Publishers fret that this has conditioned consumers to expect lower prices for all kinds of books. And they worry that the downward spiral will further erode their already thin margins—some have had to close imprints and lay off staff in recent years—as well as bring further dismay to struggling bricks-and-mortar booksellers. As a result, publishers have turned to Apple to help them twist Amazon's arm. Keen to line up lots of titles for new iPad owners, the company has agreed to an "agency model" under which publishers get to set the price at which their e-books are sold, with Apple taking 30% of the revenue generated. Faced with these deals, Amazon has reportedly agreed similar terms with several big publishers. As a result, the price of some popular e-books is expected to rise to $12.99 or $14.99. Once Apple and Amazon have taken their cut, publishers are likely to make less money on e-books under this new arrangement than under the wholesale one—a price they seem willing to pay in order to limit Amazon's influence and bolster print sales. Yet there are good reasons to doubt whether this and other strategies, such as delaying the release of electronic versions of new books for several months after the print launch, will halt the creeping commoditization of books. The publishing firms that survive what promises to be a wrenching transition will be those whose bosses and employees can learn quickly to think like multimedia impresarios rather than purveyors of perfect prose. Not all of them will be able to turn that particular page successfully. In face of the increasing sales of e-books, publishers ______.

Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay

Directions: Your friend has recently received his doctorate