单选题Louis Armstrong sang, "When you're smiling, the whole world smiles with you." Romantics everywhere may be surprised to learn that psychological research has proven this sentiment to be true--merely seeing a smile (or a frown, for that matter) will acti- vate the muscles in our face that make that expression, even if we are unaware of it. Now, according to a new study in Psychological Science, simply reading certain words may also have the same effect. Psychologists Francesco Foroni from VU University Amsterdam and Gun R. Semin from the University of Utrecht conducted two experiments to see if emotion language has an influence on facial muscle activity. In the first experiment, a group of students read a series of emotion verbs (e.g., "to smile," "to cry") and adjectives (e.g., "funny," "frustrating") on a monitor, while the activity of their zygomatic major (the muscle responsible for smiles) and corrugator supercilii (which causes frowns) muscles were measured. The results showed that reading action verbs activated the corresponding muscles. For example, "to laugh" resulted in activation of the zygomatic major muscle, but did not cause any response in the muscles responsible for frowning. Interestingly, when presented with the emotion adjectives like "funny" or "frustrating" the volunteers demonstrated much lower muscle activation compared to their reactions to emotion verbs. The researchers note that muscle activity is "induced in the reader when reading verbs representing facial expressions of emotion." Can this natural bodily reaction affect our judgments? In another experiment, volunteers watched a series of cartoons and were unconsciously shown emotion verbs and adjectives after each one. They were then asked to rate how funny they thought the cartoons were. Half of the participants held a pen with their lips, to prevent them from smiling, while the remaining participants did not have their muscle movement blocked. The results reveal that even when emotion verbs are presented unconsciously, they are able to influence judgment--volun- teers found cartoons to be funnier when they were preceded by smiling verbs than if they were preceded by frowning-related verbs. However, this effect only occurred in the volunteers who were able to smile--volunteers who had muscle movement blocked did not show this relationship between emotion verbs and how funny they judged the cartoons as being. The results of these experiments reveal that simply reading emotion verbs activates specific facial muscles and can influence judgments we make. The researchers note these findings suggest that "language is not merely symbolic, but also somatic," and they conclude that "these experiments provide an important bridge between research on the neurobiological basis of language and related behavioral research./

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England.{{U}} (1) {{/U}}, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others{{U}} (2) {{/U}}to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish,{{U}} (3) {{/U}}the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed{{U}} (4) {{/U}}being classified as "English". Even in England there are many{{U}} (5) {{/U}}in regional character and speech. The chief{{U}} (6) {{/U}}is between southern England and northern England. South of a{{U}} (7) {{/U}}going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students,{{U}} (8) {{/U}}there are local variations. Further north regional speech is usually "{{U}} (9) {{/U}}" than that of southern Britain. Northerners are{{U}} (10) {{/U}}to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more{{U}} (11) {{/U}}They are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them{{U}} (12) {{/U}}Northerners generally have hearty{{U}} (13) {{/U}}: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous{{U}} (14) {{/U}}at meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands{{U}} (15) {{/U}}a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman. In Scotland the sound{{U}} (16) {{/U}}by the letter "R" is generally a strong sound, and "R" is often pronounced in words in which it would be{{U}} (17) {{/U}}in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people,{{U}} (18) {{/U}}inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently{{U}} (19) {{/U}}as being more "fiery" than the English. They are{{U}} (20) {{/U}}a race that is quite distinct from the English. (289 words){{B}}Notes:{{/B}} fiery 暴躁的，易怒的。

单选题We can draw a conclusion from the text that______.

单选题There was a time when women were considered smart if they played dumb to a get a man, and women who went to college were more interested in getting a "Mrs. degree" than a bachelor's. Even today, it's not unusual for a woman to get whispered and unsolicited counsel from her grandmother that an advanced degree could hurt her in the marriage market. Despite the fact that more women than men now attend college, the idea that smart women finish last in love seems to hang on and on. "There were so many misperceptions out there about education and marriage that I decided to sort out the facts," said economist Betsey Stevenson, an assistant professor at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. So along with Wharton colleague Adam Isen, Stevenson crunched national marriage data from 1950 to 2008 and found that the marriage penalty women once paid for being well educated has largely disappeared. "Marriage rates in the U.S. for college-educated women have risen enormously since the 1950s," Stevenson said. "In 1950, less than three quarters of white college-educated women went on to marry by age 40 (compared with 90 percent of high-school graduates). But today, 86 percent marry by age 4,0, compared with 88 percent of high-school grads." "In other words, the difference in marriage rates between those with college degrees and those without is very small," said Stephanie Coontz, a family historian at Evergreen State College and author of Marriage: A History. The new analysis also found that while high-school dropouts had the highest marriage rates (93 percent) in the 1950s, today college-educated women are much more likely to marry than those who don't finish high school (86 percent versus 81 percent). Of course, expectations have changed dramatically in the last half century. In the 1950s, men didn't want a woman who was their equal; they needed and wanted someone who knew less, someone who looked up to them. And in fact 40 percent of college women admitted to playing dumb on dates. "These days, few women feel the need to play down their intelligence or achievements," Coontz said. The new research has more good news for college grads. Stevenson said the data indicate that modem college-educated women are more likely than other groups of women to be married at age 40, are less likely to divorce, and are more likely to describe their marriages as "happy" compared with other women. The marriages of well-educated women tend to be more stable because the brides are usually older as well as wiser, Stevenson said.

单选题According to the passage, the new drill

单选题According to the text, a good media CEO needs the following capabilities EXCEPT

单选题A man is happy when______.

单选题Paragraph 2 mainly deals with

单选题The American screen has long been a smoky place, at least since 1942's Now, Voyager, in which Bette Davis and Paul Henreid showed how to make and seal a romantic deal over a pair of cigarettes that were smoldering as much as the stars. Today cigarettes are more common on screen than at any other time since midcentury: 75% of all Hollywood films—including 36% of those rated G or PG—show tobacco use, according to a 2006 survey by the University of California, San Francisco. Audiences, especially kids, are taking notice. Two recent studies, published in Lancet and Pediatrics, have found that among children as young as 10, those exposed to the most screen smoking are up to 2.7 times as likely as others to pick up the habit. Worse, it's the ones from nonsmoking homes who are hit the hardest. Now the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)—the folks behind the designated-driver campaign—are pushing to get the smokes off the screen. "Some movies show kids up to 14 incidents of smoking per hour," says Barry Bloom, HSPH's dean. "We're in the business of preventing disease, and cigarettes are the No. 1 preventable cause." Harvard long believed that getting cigarettes out of movies could have as powerful an effect, but it wouldn't be easy. Cigarette makers had a history of striking product-placement deals with Hollywood, and while the 1998 tobacco settlement prevents that, nothing stops directors from incorporating smoking into scenes on their own. In 1999 Harvard began holding one-on-one meetings with studio execs trying to change that, and last year the Motion Picture Association of America flung the door open, inviting Bloom to make a presentation in February to all the studios. Harvard's advice was direct: Get the butts entirely out, or at least make smoking unappealing. A few films provide a glimpse of what a no-smoking or low-smoking Hollywood would be like. Producer Lindsay Doran, who once helped persuade director John Hughes to keep Ferris Bueller smoke-free in the 1980s hit, wanted to de the same for the leads of her 2006 movie Stranger Than Fiction. When a writer convinced her that the character played by Emma Thompson had to smoke, Doran relented, but from the way Thompson hacks her way through the film and snuffs out her cigarettes in a palmful of spit, it's clear the glamour's gone. And remember all the smoking in The Devil Wears Prada? No? That's because the producers of that film kept it out entirely—even in a story that travels from the US fashion world to Paris, two of the most tobacco-happy places on earth. "No one smoked in that movie," says Doran, "and no one noticed." Such movies are hardly the rule, but the pressure is growing. Like smokers, studios may conclude that quitting the habit is not just a lot healthier but also a lot smarter.

单选题Which of the following best conveys the' idea that man has been careless and unconcerned in his relationship with nature?