智能电网

In the appreciation of a work of art or an art form, consideration of the receiver never proves fruitful. Not only was any reference to a certain public or its representatives misleading, but even the concept of an "ideal" receiver is detrimental in the theoretical consideration of art, since all it posits is the existence and nature of man as such. Art, in the same way, posits man's physical and spiritual existence, but in none of its works is it concerned with his response. No poem is intended for the reader, no picture for the beholder, no symphony for listener. Is a translation meant for readers who do not understand the original? This would seem to explain adequately the divergence of their standing in the realm of art. Moreover, it seems to be the only conceivable reason for saying "the same thing" repeatedly. For what does a literary work "say"? What does it communicate? It "tells" very little to those who understand it. Its essential quality is not statement or the imparting of information. Yet any translation which intends to perform a transmitting function cannot transmit anything but information—hence, something inessential. This is the hallmark of bad translations. But do we not generally regard as the essential substance of a literary work what it contains in addition to information—as even a poor translator will admit—the unfathomable, the mysterious, the "poetic", something that a translator can reproduce only if he is also a poet? This, actually, is the cause of another characteristic of inferior translation. This will be true whenever a translation undertakes to serve the reader. However, if it were intended for the reader, the same would have to apply to the original. If the original does not exist for the reader's sake, how could the translation he understood on the basis of this premise? (309 words)

The term genetically modified organism ( GMO) refers to plants, microbes and animals with genes transferred from other species in order to produce certain novel characteristics (for example resistance to pests, or herbicides) and are produced by recombinant DNA technology. Four main sources of hazards of GMO are discussed by scientists worldwide: 1) those due to the new genes, and gene products introduced; 2 ) unintended effects inherent to the technology; 3) interactions between foreign genes and host genes; and 4) those arising from the spread of the introduced genes by ordinary cross-pollination as well as by horizontal gene transfer. GM crops contain material, which is not present in them under natural conditions, and they form a part of our daily diet. To understand what effect they can have on us and on our animals, it is very important to study the influence of those GM plants in different organisms for several generations. At present, these studies are lacking from the scientific literature. Also, several detrimental effects of GM crops had been showed on the metabolism of animals. The hazard of GMO was shown for animals and the environment in many investigations. Earlier it was shown that consumption of GM food by animals led to the negative changes in their organisms. Experiments, conducted by A. Pusztai showed that potatoes modified by the insertion of the gene of snowdrop lectin (雪花莲凝集素 ), stunted the growth of rats, significantly affected some of their vital organs, including the kidneys, thymus (胸腺) , gastrocnemius muscles (腓肠肌) and others and damaged their intestines and their immune system.

a lame duck

Education is the harmonious development of all our faculties. It begins in the nursery, and goes on at school, but does not end there. It continues through life, whether we will or not. The only question is whether what we learn in after-life is wisely chosen or picked up haphazard. " Every person," says Gibbon , " has two educations, one which he receives from others, and one more important, which he gives himself. " What we teach ourselves must indeed always be more useful than what we learn of others. " Nobody," said Locke, " ever went far in knowledge, or became eminent in any of the Science, by the discipline and restraint of a Master.Those who have not distinguished themselves at school need not on that account be discouraged. The greatest minds do not necessarily ripen the quickest. If, indeed, you have not taken pains, then, though I will not say that you should be discouraged, still you should be ashamed; but if you have done your best, you have only to persevere; for many of those who have never been able to distinguish themselves at school, have been very successful in after-life. We are told that Wellington and Napoleon were both dull boys, and the same is said to have been the case with Newton, Swift, Scott, and many other eminent men. Evidently then it does not follow that those who have distinguished themselves least at school have benefited least.

There are some steps you can take yourself to avoid catching a cold. Contrary to popular belief colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather. Colds are caused by viruses(病毒)in the body, and you" re better off out on the ski slopes or even waiting for the bus on a snowy day than you are in a warm room, surrounded by friends, co-workers, or fellow students, who just may be passing the virus around. If you feel a chill when you" re coming down with a cold, you" re already sick. A chill is an early symptom: it" s the cold that caused the chill, not the other way around. While the virus can spread through the air when a cold-sufferer coughs, surprisingly, this is not the most common route of transmission. Numerous studies have now shown that the overwhelming majority of colds are "caught" by hand contact. A cold-sufferer rubs her nose, thereby transferring the virus to her hand. Then a friend comes to visit. " don" t kiss me," she cautions, so the friend steps back and presses her hand. The friend then wipes her own nose or eye —and several days later she is stricken with a cold. Or parents pick up their child" s discarded tissues and carefully throw them away but fail to wash their hands afterward. Cold virus also can be transferred to objects—telephones, towels, plates—and remain infec-tious(有传染性的)for up to three hours. Frequent hand washing—on the part of the cold-sufferer as well as other members of the household—will minimize the spread of viruses in this way.(265 words)

cultural industry

淘汰煤炭行业落后产能

中华民族文化历史悠久，起源很早，内容极为丰富，是东方文明的主要组成部分。在物质文化方面，中国的“四大发明”曾经改变世界历史的进程。在精神文明方面，“以人为本”的思想和“和为贵”的思想，对世界文化解决个人与社会、人与自然、道德与生命的根本关系做出了杰出的贡献。中国的学者们一致认为，在全球化趋势日益发展的今天，文化交流在国与国之间的交往中越来越重要，中国应该向全世界充分展现具有强大凝聚力的中华文明，同时应该吸取一切人类文明的精华。(215words)(30 points)

Globalization

simultaneous interpreting

The door flew open and in rushed a______woman,(breath)

Twitter

AA制

WEC

海峡两岸关系

Myanmar

优惠政策

G20 Summit

brand loyalty