(上海)外滩

智力密集型

同甘共苦

ADIZ

One of the biggest barriers to effective negotiation and a major cause of stalemate is the tendency for bargainers to get trapped in their own perspectives. It" s simply too easy for people to become overly confident of their opinions. Operating in a closed world of their making, they tell themselves they are right and the others are wrong. They consider the merits of their positions but neglect the other party" s valid objections. They push their agendas, merely with the same argument, and may not pick up on cues that their words aren" t being heard. It" s safe to assume that the other party is just as convinced that his or her own demands are justified. Moreover, bargainers can only speculate what another" s agenda might be—hidden or otherwise. Appreciative moves to draw out another" s perspective help negotiators understand why the other party feels a certain way. They signal to the other side that different opinions and perspectives are important. By creating opportunities to discover something new and unexpected, appreciative moves can break a stalemate. Everyone agreed that a joint venture negotiated by HMO executive Donna Hitchcock between her organization and an insurance company has mutual benefits on both sides. Although the deal looked good on paper, implementation stalled. Hitchcock couldn" t understand where the resistance was coming and why. In attempt to unfreeze the situation, she arranged a meeting with her counterpart from the insurance company. After a brief update, Hitchcock asked a-bout any unexpected effects the joint venture was exerting on the insurance organization and on Her counterpart" s work life. That appreciative move immediately broke the logjam. From her counterpart " s perspectives, she learned, the new arrangement stretched already overworked departments and had not yet produced additional revenues to hire more staff. Even more important, her counterpart was personally bearing the burden of the increased work. Hitchcock was genuinely sympathetic to these concerns. The extra work was legitimate obstacle to implementation. Once she understood the reason behind the resistance, the two were able to strategize on ways to alleviate the overload until the additional revenues kicked in.

B汉译英/B

中央文献

bearing capacity of the ecological environment

择优录用

Hayden White's Metahistory(1973)was an important work of historiography, a book that revealed the ways in which any understanding of history is powerfully conditioned(even determined)by the linguistic form it takes. This occurs because historical narratives are structured in terms of the devices of language, tropes or "protocols, " that are anterior to historical consciousness. For White, the historian's methodology is always crucially anticipated by the structures of language in ways that strongly influence the perspective on any history that claims to have been arrived at independently, naturally or dispassionately. The shapes of historical narrative cannot be innocent, but work in the service of power, and that power exists prior to historical consciousness. The ideas of Metahistory have been taken up by works such as Dominick La Capra's Rethinking Intellectual History(1983)and Hans Kellner's Language and Historical Representation(1989)and the value of these ideas to feminism has also been recognized: history has traditionally been written by men and about men. If the representation of history privileges certain kinds of experience and is predicated on a particular language, then is that not a male experience and a male language? Feminist historiography might be said to have two intellectual projects. The first of these is to recover the occluded narratives of women, perspectives that have been ignored, neglected, or suppressed. This aspect of women's history is dedicated to the retrieval of the lost or unarticulated stories of women in specific social and cultural contexts, studies that reveal the contribution of women in areas of social life that were traditionally thought of as the exclusive province of men. In an article called " Placing Women in History, " for example, Gerder Lerner argued that women's " culturally determined and psychologically internalized marginality seems to be what makes their historical experience essentially different from that of men. But men have defined their experience history and left women out. " Beyond this thesis, it has also argued that women conceive of history in a fundamentally different way from men. Clearly history does not exist in some ontological sense but is discursively constituted from a particular position or viewpoint. Is it the case then that women think of history intellectually and experience it materially in ways that are fundamentally different from men, and is such a difference exclusively a function of gender difference? In other words, what part does gender play in the very conception of historical consciousness that society endorses, or, how is gender central to the formation of discursive historical paradigms? In "Resisting America" Adrienne Rich argued that "Feminist history is not history about women only; it look afresh at what men have done and how they have behaved, not only toward women but toward each other and the natural world. But the central perspective and preoccupation is female, and this implies a vast shift in values and priorities. " American women's fiction has its own history of investigating these issues, a history that includes Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin(1850), Charlotte Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper(1892), Kate Chopin's The Awakening(1899), and Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God(1937). Jane Tompkins has argued that the exclusion of Uncle Tom's Cabin from Sacvab Bercoviteh's scholarly study The American Jeremiad " is a striking instance of how totally academic criticism has foreclosed on sentimental fiction; for, because Uncle Tom's Cabin is absent from the canon, it isn't ' there' to be referred to even when it fulfills a man's theory to perfection. Hence its exclusion from critical discussion is perpetuated automatically, and absence begets itself in a self-confirming cycle of neglect. " It is significant that this debate about the canon should focus on a novel about slavery because the concept of women's history in the United States is crucially affected by the issue of race. Afro-American history was originally conceived of as male(Richard Wright, James Baldwin, Ralph Ellison)and so the perspectives of black women were doubly occluded. The publishing history of Hurston's novel is itself an important part of this story. Their Eyes Were Watching God was strongly criticized in 1937 for its racial politics, especially by Alain Loche and Richard Right, and it was not therefore widely known until the 1970s when Robert Hemenway's biography of Hurston was published(1977), the novel was reprinted(1978), and Alice Walker produced a Hurston "Reader"(1979). These events have established Hurston's novel as a canonical text, and they coincided with the remarkable burgeoning of black women's fiction that took place in the 1970s in the novels of Morrison, Walker, Toni Cade Bambara, and Audre Lorde. Janie Crawford's oral narrative of a struggle towards self-fulfillment in a society that is both sexist and racist is told in a black vernacular to a female auditor, Phobie, who learns that " De nigger woman id de mule uh de world, " and who discovers through Janie's example the possibility of a different future for herself and for other black women. Now briefly answer the following questions;

speak in tongues

CPI

新疆维吾尔自治区地处中国西北边陲，亚欧大陆腹地，面积166．49万平方公里，占中国国土面积的六分之一，陆地边境线．5600公里，周边与8个国家接壤，是古丝绸之路的重要通道。据2000年统计，新疆人口为1925万人，其中汉族以外的其他民族为1096．96万人。新疆自古以来就是一个多民族聚居和多种宗教并存的地区，从西汉(公元前206年一公元24年)起成为中国统一的多民族国家不可分割的组成部分。

translation unit

She has been praised for her______ways to promote the sales,(effect)

兵马俑

反“四风”运动

他能用四分钟跑一英里。(capable)

CFDA

严格来说，哲学不是解释宇宙，那是自然科学的事。哲学家至多只能解释人生，解释自己，解释文本。哲学也不是知，不是知识体系，不是几何学、物理学那样一大套公理、公式，可以解决实际生存问题。哲学的精神永远是探究、怀疑、发问、沉思；而不是提供现成的答案。哲学家有些不食人间烟火，他远离田野车间，甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察观察天体，而只是坐在静谧的书斋里读书、思考，思索那些具有终极意义、虚无缥缈的本体问题。哲学家孤苦伶仃，独处一室之中。面对古往今来的大哲学家遗留下来的问题，他苦苦沉思。他唯一富有的是文本，哲学因而就是解释文本，而不是解释宇宙。