完形填空 Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true. The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. 41 . The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine. But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. 42 . I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing. All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods—paintings, sculpture and architecture—and superfluous experiences—music, literature, religion and philosophy. 43 . For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. 44 . Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on. 45 . What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of 'stickiness'—creations and experiences to which others adhere. A. Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity. B. Applications like tumblr.com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others. C. Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day. D. This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active creation—whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. E. The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players. F. One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium television—and television is defined by downloading. G. The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.

完形填空A. But Hodge is hardly the only one worried about London's Olympicnomics. In May, Moody's issued a report suggesting that London's Olympics boom may come to an end not long after the event's closing ceremonies. 'Overall, we think that the Olympics are unlikely to provide a substantial boost to the UK economy,' a Moody's official said in a statement. B. Hosting the Olympics is generally seen as a giant boon for the host city and cities lobby hard to get themselves picked. But if you look at the historical record, the actual economic impact of the Olympics on their host cities and countries has been decidedly mixed. And there are good reasons to think that whatever economic benefits London gets from hosting the Olympics will be short-lived at best. So what exactly is there to won'y about? Well, hosting the Olympics is an extremely costly business: Existing infrastructure needs to be upgraded, new sports facilities need to be built; security needs to be tight. And it almost invariably ends up costing much, much more than expected. C. The 2008 Olympics in Beijing is the current king of cost overruns: It was supposed to cost a mere $1.6 billion—but the Chinese ended up shelling out a staggering $ 40 billion for what turned into a lavish propaganda extravaganza, according to economist Brad Humphreys at the University of Alberta, an expert on the economics of sports. The 2004 Olympics in Athens was also expected to cost $1.6 billion, and ended up costing ten times of that, contributing to Greece's current debt crisis. Meanwhile, many of the sports facilities built for the Athens Games are underused and already falling apart. D. Back in 2009, as London began preparing in earnest for the Games, Britain's Olympics Minister boasted that the event would 'provide economic gold at a time of economic need.' With costs rising and hopes shrinking, it's looking like the best London can hope for is a Bronze. E. London isn't expected to go quite so far over budget, but its Olympics are turning out to be a lot pricier than the frugal $ 5 billion affair the government originally promised. And the Brits are already feeling more than a little defensive about the cost overruns. When Public Accounts Committee chair Margaret Hodge reported in March that the event was likely to end up costing closer to $17 billion, she found herself pilloried in the press. F. This is true. Even London's hotels—which you would expect to profit massively from a flood of tourists with money—aren't doing as well as expected. After raising their rates in anticipation of a flood of visitors, London's hotels are having trouble filling their rooms, with roughly a third of their rooms as yet unbooked during the Games. Indeed, with some potential tourists deliberately staying away from London in order to avoid the Olympics-sized hassles that invariably accompany the Games, the U.K's World Travel Tourism Council expects that total tourist spending in the U. K. this year will only be a tiny bit higher than last year. G. With the start of the London Summer Olympics drawing ever nearer, some Londoners are wondering if the whole thing is worth the hassle—or the cost. They've got good reasons to worry. Order: G→ 41 → 42 → 43 → 44 → 45 →D

完形填空 A few years ago, Facebook was forced to retreat from a new service called Beacon. It tracked what the social network's users were doing elsewhere on the web—which caused a huge 1 because of the loss of personal privacy. 2 , Facebook promised to make 3 efforts to better protect people's information. But 4 the firm has not been trying very hard. On November 29th America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 5 the results of an investigation it had conducted of Facebook. They showed that the world's biggest social network, which now 6 more than 800m users, has been making information public that it had 7 to keep private. The FTC's findings come at a(n) 8 time for Facebook, which is preparing for an initial public offering (IPO) that is almost 9 to take place next year. Some recent reports have 10 that the firm may seek a listing as early as next spring, and that it will try to 11 a whopping $10 billion in an IPO that would 12 it at $100 billion. To 13 the way for an offering, Facebook 14 needs to resolve some of the regulatory tussles over privacy that it has become embroiled in. 15 the FTC's announcement, which came as part of a settlement struck between the commission and Facebook. The FTC's investigation 16 a litany of instances in which the social network had 17 its users. In what is perhaps the most damning of the findings, the agency documents that Facebook has been 18 people's personal information with advertisers—a practice its senior executives have 19 sworn it does not indulge in. The FTC also says that the firm failed to make photos and videos on deactivated and deleted user accounts 20 after promising to do so.

英译汉Albert Einstein once said

英译汉It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.

英译汉One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance. 　　When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46) {{U}}Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them, {{/U}}the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. 　　It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,(47) {{U}}but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.{{/U}} 　　A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds .(48) {{U}}Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.{{/U}} 　　Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) {{U}}In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.{{/U}} 　　To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) {{U}}It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning{{/U}}.Without the uneconomic pats.

写作题. 　　Your mobile phone is missing

写作题Directions: 　　You are promoting the sale of fax machine for a corporation. Write a sales letter to a business office manager to describe: 　　1) its advantages over mails and e-mail, 　　2) service and guarantee, and 　　3) the easiest way of purchase. 　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

写作题Part A Directions: Suppse you are working for the Aiding rurd Primary School project of your university

写作题You bought a dress on the web and found it faulty

写作题1)Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon

写作题Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 　　1) describe the picture, 　　2) interpret its implications in life, and 　　3) support your view with examples. 　　You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

写作题Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1）describethedrawingbriefly,2）interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3）giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET(20points)

写作题There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to 1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below, 2)give a specific example, and 3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show love. You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. 　　　　　　　　　

写作题Your office is in bad need of a new copier

写作题Directions: You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative. 　　You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “postgraduate association” instead.

写作题Directions: 　　Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college , inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail , Use "Li Ming" instead。 　　Do not write the address。(10 points)

写作题　You are preparing for taking the entrance test for MA in economics. Write a letter to the dean of the Economics School of a famous university to enquire about: 　　1) the subjects to be tested, 　　2) the number of students for enrollment, and 　　3) any guiding or training courses. 　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

写作题Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words. Providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library. 　　You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. 　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Li Ming instead. 　　Do not write the address. (10 points)

写作题Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 　　1) describe the picture, 　　2) interpret its meaning,and 　　3) state your plan to do so. 　　You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)