问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} One of your close friends, Catherine, gave a piano solo at a concert last night and won the first prize. Now write her a letter of congratulation including the following details: 1) your heart-felt congratulations, 2) your strong impression, 3) and your encouragement. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题1. your sympathy for her illness;2. sending flowers and wishes;3. providing any help for her. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Iris" instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points)

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} You are preparing an opening remark at a discussion on "Books are our best friends." Your remark should cover: 1) the value of books and 2) what a good book may be. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.

问答题Directions: Assuming that a manager is going to interview some job applicants and one of his friends gives him a piece of advice that the first impression is not a reliable basis for judgment. This manager wants to hear more from others and decides to have a wall newspaper put up for more views on that topic. 1) You are going to write an article to offer your opinion about it. 2) You should write about 160～200 words neatly on Answer Sheet 2.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Writeanessayofabout160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inthisessay,youshould:1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interpretthemeaning,and3)giveyourcomment.

问答题For the first time in decades, doctors have begun making major changes in the treatment of lung cancer, based on research proving that chemotherapy can significantly lengthen life for many patients for whom it was previously thought to be useless. The shift in care applies to about 50,000 people a year in the United States who have early cases of the most common form of the disease, non-small-cell lung cancer, and whose tumors are removed by surgery. (46) Many of these patients, who just a few years ago would have been treated with surgery alone, are now being given chemotherapy as well, just as. it is routinely given after surgery for breast or colon (结肠)cancer. The new approach has brightened a picture that was often bleak. "The benefit is at least as good, and maybe better than in the other cancers," said Dr. John Minna, a lung cancer expert and research director at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. He said new discoveries were helping to eliminate doctors' "nihilistic" attitudes about chemotherapy for lung cancer. "The standard of care has changed," said Dr. Christopher G. Azzoli, a lung cancer specialist at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. (47) A major impetus for the change came a year ago, when two studies presented at a cancer conference showed marked increases in survival in patients who received adjuvant (辅助的)chemotherapy, meaning the drugs were given after surgery. In one study of 482 patients in Canada and the United States, led by Dr. Timothy Winton, a surgeon from the University of Alberta, 69 percent of patients who had surgery and chemotherapy were still alive five years later, as compared with 54 percent who had just surgery. The patients were given a combination of two drugs, cisplatin and vinorelbine, once a week for 16 weeks. In the world of lung cancer research, a survival difference of 15 percentage points is enormous. (48) Overall, the patients given chemotherapy lived 94 months, versus 73 months in those who had only surgery—also a huge difference in a field in which a treatment is hailed as a success if it gives patients even three or four extra months. A second study, also announced at the conference last year, had similar findings, and so did a third, presented just a month ago at the annual meeting of the same cancer group, the American Society of Clinical Oneology. At major medical centers, doctors quickly began to put the results into practice. (49) "The findings were so stunning from these studies a year ago that they began to change the standard of care," said Dr. Pasi Janne, a lung cancer specialist at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "Over the last year, the number of patients we've had referred here for adjuvant chemotherapy has gone up steadily." (50) But some doctors hesitated to make changes, Dr. Winton said, wanting first to see the studies published in a medical journal, which would mean the data had stood up to the serutiny(仔细的检查) of editors and expert reviewers. Now, his study has become the first of the three to pass that test. It is being published today in The New England Journal of Medicine, along with an editorial by Dr. Katherine M. S. Pisters, a lung cancer specialist at the m. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Ragtime is a musical form that synthesizes folk melodies and musical techniques into a brief quadrille-like structure, designed to be played—exactly as written—on the piano. (46) {{U}}A strong analogy exists between European composers like Ralph Vaughan Williams and Edward Grieg, who combined folk tunes and their own original materials in larger compositions and the pioneer composers in the United States.{{/U}} Composers like Scott Joplin and James Scott were in a sense collectors or musicologists, collecting dance and folk music in Black communities and consciously shaping it into brief suites or anthologies called piano rags. It has sometimes been charged that ragtime is mechanical. For instance, Wilfred Mellers comments, "rags were transferred to the pianola roll and, even if not played by a machine, should be played like a machine, with meticulous precision." (47){{U}}However, there is no reason to assume that ragtime is inherently mechanical simply because commercial manufacturers applied a mechanical recording method to it, the only way to record pianos at that date. {{/U}}Ragtime's is not a mechanical precision, and it is not precision limited to the style of performance. It arises from ragtime's following a well-defined form and obeying simple rules within that form. The classic formula for the piano rag disposes three to five themes in sixteen-bar strains, often organized with repeats. (48){{U}}The rag opens with a bright, memorable strain or theme, followed by a similar theme, leading to a melody of marked lyrical character, with the structure concluded by a lyrical strain that parallels the rhythmic developments of the earlier themes.{{/U}} The aim of the structure is to rise from one theme to another in a stair-step manner, ending on a note of triumph or exhilaration. Typically, each strain is divided into two 8-bar segments that are essentially alike, so the rhythmic-melodic unit of ragtime is only eight bars of 2/4 measure. (49) {{U}}Therefore, not concerned with development of musical themes, the ragtime composer instead sets a theme down intact, in finished form, and links it to various related themes that are brief with clear melodic figures.{{/U}} Tension in ragtime compositions arises from a polarity between two basic ingredients: a continuous bass—called by jazz musicians a boom-chick bass--in the pianist's left hand, and its melodic, syncopated counterpart in the right hand. Ragtime remains distinct from jazz both as an instrumental style and as a genre. Ragtime style stresses a pattern of repeated rhythms, not the constant inventions and variations of jazz. (50){{U}}As a genre, ragtime requires strict attention to structure, not inventiveness or virtuosity, existing as a tradition, a set of conventions, a body of written scores, separate from the individual players associated with it.{{/U}} In this sense ragtime is more akin to folk music of the nineteenth century than to jazz.

问答题 (46) Any discussion of the American educational system would be less than complete if it did not mention the emphasis that many colleges and universities place upon the nonacademic, social, "extracurricular" aspect of education, often defined as personal growth. Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very large and general term "education" as being all-embracing, including as subsets within it academic and nonacademic components. This may be one of the most difficult concepts to convey to someone who is not intimately familiar with American higher education. Few educational systems in other countries place the same emphasis on this blend of academic and personal education. The majority of colleges and universities in the United States make some attempt to integrate personal and intellectual growth in the undergraduate years. (47) If the ultimate goal of undergraduate education in America were simply to convey a set body of knowledge, the term of studies could undoubtedly be reduced. Yet the terms of studies are extended in order to give students a chance to grow and develop in other ways. Numerous opportunities are made available to students to become involved in sports, student government, musical and dramatic organizations, and countless other organized and individual activities designed to enhance one's personal growth and provide some recreation and enjoyment outside of the classroom. (48) Experience with campus organizations and off-campus community involvement can be highly valuable in preparing international students for future leadership in their professional field upon their return home. The typical American college's support for extracurricular activity is perhaps unique in the world. This special educational dimension, beyond the classroom and laboratory experience, does not mean that extracurricular participation is required to gain an American degree. It remains an entirely optional activity, but (49) it is noted here because Americans have traditionally viewed success in one's role as a citizen as closely linked to a "well-rounded" life that incorporates a variety of social, athletic, and cultural activities into a person's experience. A great many American campuses and communities have organized special extracurricular activities for students from other countries. (50) On most campuses, one can find an international club, which includes Americans, where students can get to know and learn socially from students from other countries, as well as Americans. International students are almost always invited, through organized hospitality activities, into the homes of Americans living in or outside the academic community.

问答题3. Your own viewpoints.

问答题In a quiet courtroom tucked away in a federal building here, a titanic battle is competing free speech against government efforts to protect children from the seemingly limitless pages of pornography in cyberspace. Titled simply enough, the American Library Association vs. the United States of American, the trial will determine the constitutionality of the Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA). (46) Passed by Congress in December 2000, the law requires all libraries that receive federal technology funds to install "protection measures" on all computers that have access to the Internet. In other words, they must have blocking software to prevent youngsters from accidentally, or even intentionally, getting a peek at the multitude of hard-core sites available with just a few well-placed clicks on a computer terminal. To free-speech advocates from librarians to the American Civil Liberties Union, it's a well-intentioned but dangerous assault on America's First Amendment freedoms. (47) They argue that even the best blocking software is so flawed that it would also limit adult access to a wide array of constitutionally protected speech. "It's very easy to suggest that we all believe in the First Amendment, we just want to keep our kids safe," says John Berry, president of the American Library Association in Chicago. (48)"But as soon as you start making those kinds of concessions, you began to undermine one of our founding principles, and you can't sacrifice those kinds of things for a little temporary security." Supporters of the Internet-filtering law argue that the First Amendment has nothing to do with CIPA because it's nothing more than a funding bill. If libraries have objections, they simply don't have to accept the federal funds upon which the blocking software's use is conditioned. There's the whole issue of the blocking software itself: Does it work or not? (49)One study of more than 7,000 websites that had been blocked by the various software companies found that between 65 and 70 percent of the sites were "deemed to have potential value" to a library user. As to worries about overblocking, the law's supporters note the law allows adults to ask a librarian to turn off the blocking software. (50) But the librarians argue that the mandatory filter does take discretion away from librarians and their communities, which pay for about 80 percent of the average library's budget, and gives it to the federal government. After this three-judge panel rules, one side or the other is expected to file an appeal, and that will go directly to the Supreme Court.

问答题Many animals test their legs and totter forth only hours after they are born, but humans need a year before they take their first, hesitant steps. Is something fundamentally different going on in human babies? Maybe not. (46) A new study shows that the time it takes for humans and all other mammals to start walking fits closely with the size of their brains. (47) In past studies to develop a new animal model for the brain events that support motor development, neurophysiologist Martin Garwicz discovered that the schedules by which ferrets and rats acquire various motor skills, such as crawling and walking, are strikingly similar to each other; the progress simply happens faster for rats. That made them wonder how similar the timing of motor development might be among mammals in general. (48) They compared the time between conception and walking in 24 species and looked at how well this duration correlated with a range of variables, including gestation time, adult body mass, and adult brain mass. As they report in this week's issue of PNAS, brain mass accounts for the vast majority (94%) of the variance in walking time between species. Species with larger brains, such as humans, tend to take longer to learn to walk. (49) Strikingly, a model based on adult brain mass and walking time in the other 23 species almost perfectly predicts when humans begin to walk. "We've always considered humans the exception," Garwicz says, "But in fact, we start walking at exactly the time that would be expected from all other walking mammals. " Two other variables—gestation time and brain mass at birth—also correlate nicely with age of walking for most animals, but not for humans. That makes sense, the researchers say: Humans spend an unusually small portion of their development—and build an unusually small fraction of their brain mass—in the womb. (50) The model is able to accommodate this quirk of human development because it uses the time it takes babies to learn to walk from conception, not birth. (At the other extreme, animals such as horses, who have a long gestation and then walk almost immediately after they are born, also fit the model.) Barbara Finlay, a neuroscientist at Cornell University, says the findings support the existence of a kind of a development "clock" for mammals. In her own work, Finlay has found that various mammals have similar timetables for brain development before birth. But she had imagined that a postnatal milestone such as walking would be more idiosyncratic. "I was surprised," she says. "I thought the clock would start to fracture. " It will be interesting, she says, to see if the clock will keep time for later milestones, such as events related to reproduction.