问答题Euthanasia can be either active or passive: (46) Active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical personnel take a deliberate action that will induce death, such as administering an overdose of morphine, insulin , or barbiturates, followed by an injection of curare. Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment, or suspending treatment that has begun. Examples of passive euthanasia include taking patient off a respirator (a breathing apparatus) or removing other life -support systems. Stopping the food supply--usually intravenous feeding to comatose patients--has also been used. A good deal of the controversy about mercy killing stems from the decision - making process. Who decides if a patient is to die? This issue has not been established legally. (47) In the United States the matter is left to state law, which usually allows the physician in charge to suggest the option of death to a patient' s relatives, especially if the patient is brain - dead. In an attempt to make decisions about when their own lives should end, several terminally iii patients in the early 1990s used a controversial suicide device , developed by Dr. Jack Kevorkian, to end their lives. In parts of Europe, the decision - making process has become very flexible. (48) Even in cases that are not terminal, patients have been put to death without their consent at the request of relatives or at the insistence of physicians. Many capes of involuntary euthanasia in valve older people. Newborn infants suffering from incurable conditions are also routinely allowed to die. The principle underlying this practice is that such individuals have a concept that "life not worthy of life". This concept was devised in Germany during the Nazi regime (1933 -45) , when numerous killings of the aged, mentally iii, handicapped, and others were authorized by the state. In countries where involuntary euthanasia is not .legal , the court systems have proved very lenient in dealing with medical personnel who practice it. (49) Courts have also been somewhat lenient with friends or relatives who have assisted terminally iii patients to die or who have, in some cases ,killed them directly. Medical advances in recent decades have made it possible to keep terminally ill people alive far beyond any hope of recovery or improvement. For this reason the "living will" has come into common use in the United States as part of the right - to - die principle. (50) Most states now legally allow the making of such wills that instruct hospitals and physicians to suspend treatment in hopeless cases or to re fuse futile life - support measures when chances of recovery are nonexistent. The 20th - century euthanasia movement began in England in 1935, with the founding of the Voluntary Euthanasia Legislation Society. In the United States the Society for the Right to Die was founded in 1938.

问答题Directions: Write a letter to a museum"s staff to ask for some information about a historical exhibition. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题The produce departments of the future may look like nothing on earth, and with good reason. Chinese scientists have been growing tomatoes the size of softballs, cucumbers as long as baseball bats and other outsize fruits and vegetables, using seeds that have been shot into space. The seeds are then exposed to seven types of extraterrestrial conditions, from zero gravity and cosmic radiation to subatomic particles. (46) As these space veggies grow back on earth, they are selected for desirable traits—bulk, appearance or certain nutrients—then bred through successive generations to ensure that the mutations are consistent. Chinese scientists don"t understand exactly how a trip into space alters the seeds"DNA and yields such effects, but it"s not just size that changes. (47) Tong Yichao, whose firm, the Beijing Flying Eagle Green Foods Group, has been sending seeds and seedlings aboard Chinese spacecraft since 1999, says it has grown space tomatoes with 27 percent more of the antioxidant beta carotene than ordinary ones, and six-foot-tall cotton plants that produce longer, more flexible threads. Using conventional methods, "a scientist might create just three new plants in his lifetime," says Tong. "We"ve developed more than 50 since 1999." (48) A dozen or so Chinese firms are paying up to $45,000 a gram to place various flora aboard satellites and manned spacecraft. The long-term goal: to feed more people and help endangered species escape extinction. To date, nearly 3,000 botanical species—including garden vegetables, medicinal herbs and flowers—have been sent into orbit and brought back to earth. (49) The commercial promise of China"s space veggies has yet to, er, bear fruit. It"s legal to sell the cosmic produce, and commercial farms have purchased some space plants. But most are being developed in labs or experimental greenhouses because no one wants to go to market before the safety and Quality of the produce have been established. Even so, the idea of space flora is proving irresistible to a novelty-loving Chinese public. (50) When Tong displayed a handful of monster space eggplants—the largest of which weighed more than four pounds—at an expo, one disappeared before the show opened. Hot stuff, for sure.

问答题Directions: You recently met a manager from a new company that was founded in your town. After the meeting, he wrote to you, offering you a job in this new company. However, you want to stay in your present job. Write a letter to the manager to 1) decline the offer, 2) explain your reasons, and 3) recommend a friend to take the job. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto1)describethepicture,2)interpretthemeaning,and3)commentontheissue.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsonANSWERSHEETⅡ.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following tenet carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. Jack S. Kilby, an electrical engineer whose invention of the integrated circuit gave rise to the information age and heralded an explosion of consumer electronics products in the last 50 years, from personal computers to cellphones, died Monday in Dallas. He was 81. His death, after a brief battle with cancer, was announced yesterday by Texas Instruments, the Dallas-based electronics company where he worked for a quarter-century. (46) {{U}}The integrated circuit that Mr. Kilby designed '.shortly after arriving at Texas Instruments in 1958 served as the basis for modern microelectronics, transforming a technology that permitted the simultaneous manufacturing of a mere handful of transistors(晶体管 ) into a chip industry that routinely places billions of Lilliputian(微小的) switches in the area of a fingernail.{{/U}} His achievement--the integration--yielded a thin chip of crystal connecting previously separate components like transistors, resistors and capacitors within a single device. For that creation, commonly called the microchip, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000. (47) {{U}}During his career at Texas Instruments he claimed more than 60 patents and was also one of the inventors of the hand-held calculator and the thermal printer. But it was Mr. Kilby's invention of the integrated circuit that most broadly shaped the electronic era.{{/U}} "It's hard to find a place where the integrated circuit doesn't affect your life today," Richard m. Templeton, Texas Instruments' president and chief executive officer, said in an interview yesterday. "That's how broad its impact is. " It is an impact, Mr. Kilby said, that was largely unexpected. (48){{U}} "We expected to reduce the cost of electronics, but I don't think anybody was thinking in terms of factors of a million," he said in an undated interview cited by Texas Instruments.{{/U}} (49) {{U}}The remarkable acceleration of the manufacturing process based on the integrated circuit was later described by Gordon E. Moore, co-founder of the Intel Corporation, whose partner, Robert N. Noyce, invented another version of the integrated circuit just months after Mr. Kilby.{{/U}} In 1965, three years after the first commercial integrated circuits came to market, Dr. Moore observed that the number of transistors on a circuit was doubling at regular intervals and would do so far into the future. (50) {{U}}The observation, which came to be known as Moore's law, became the defining attribute of the chip-making industry, centered in what is now known as Silicon Valley, where Intel was based, rather than in Dallas.{{/U}}

问答题 About 150 years ago, a village church vicar in Yorkshire, England, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes hinged entirely on the sole male heir, Branwell, a youth with remarkable talent in both art and literature. 46){{U}} Branwell's father and sisters hoarded their pennies to. Rack him off to London's Royal Academy of Arts, but if art was his calling, he dialed a wrong number. Within weeks he hightailed it home, a penniless failure.{{/U}} Hopes still high, the family landed Branwell a job as a private tutor, hoping this would free him to develop his literary skills and achieve the success and fame that he deserved. Failure again. 47){{U}} For years the selfless sisters squelched their own goals farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support of their increasingly indebted brother, convinced the world must eventually recognize his genius{{/U}}. As failure multiplied, Branwell turned to alcohol, then opium, and eventually died as he had lived: a failure. So died hope in the one male-but what of the three anonymous sisters.? During Branwell's last years, the girls published a book of poetry at their own expense (under a pseudonym, for fear of reviewers' bias against females). Even Branwell might have snickered: they sold only two copies. 48){{U}} Undaunted, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their pent-up emotion, writing of what they knew best, of women in conflict with their natural desires and social condition-in reality, less fiction than autobiography! {{/U}}And 19th century literature was transformed by Anne's Agnes Grey, Emily's Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte's Jane Eyre. But years of sacrifice for Brauwell had taken their toll. 49){{U}} Emily took ill at her brother's funeral and died within 3 months, aged 30; Anne died 5 months later, aged 29; Charlotte lived only to age 39. If only they. had been nurtured instead of having been sacrificed.{{/U}} No one remembers Branwell's name, much less his art or literature, but the Bronte sisters' tragically short lives teach us even more of life than literature. 50) {{U}}Their sacrificed genius cries out to us that in modern society we must value children not by their physical strength or sexual gender, as we would value any boast of burden, but by their integrity strength a commitment, courage-spiritual qualities abundant in both boys and girls. {{/U}}China, a nation blessed by more boys and girls than any nation, ignores at her own peril the lesson of the Brontes' tragedy.

问答题Directions : Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Wisdom born of experience should tell us that war is obsolete. (46) There may have been a time when war served as a negative good by preventing the spread and growth of an evil force, but the destructive power of modern weapons eliminates even the possibility that war may serve any good at all. In a day when vehicles hurtle through outer space and guided ballistic missiles carve highways of death through the stratosphere, no nation can claim victory in war. A so-called limited war will leave little more than a calamitous legacy of human suffering, political and spiritual disillusionment. F A world war will leave only smoldering ashes as mute testimony of a human race whose folly led inexorably to ultimate death. (47) If modern man continues to toy unhesitatingly with war, he will transform his earthly habitat into an hell such as even the mind of Dante (但丁) could not imagine. (48) Therefore I suggest that the philosophy and strategy of nonviolence become immediately a subject for study and for serious experimentation in every field of human conflict, by no means excluding the relations between nations. It is, after all, nation-states which make war, which have produced the weapons that threaten the survival of mankind and which are both genocidal and suicidal in character. We have ancient habits to deal with, vast structures of power, indescribably complicated problems to solve. (49) But unless we resign our humanity altogether and yield to fear and impotence in the presence of the weapons we have ourselves created, it is as possible and as urgent to put an end to war and violence between nations as it is to put an end to poverty and racial injustice. I do not minimize the complexity of the problems that need to be faced. (50) But I am convinced that we shall not have the will, the courage and the insight to deal with such matters unless in this field we are prepared to undergo a mental and spiritual re-evaluation, a change of focus which will enable us to see that the things that seem most real and powerful are indeed now unreal and have come under sentence of death. We need to make a supreme effort to generate the readiness, indeed the eagerness, to enter into the new world which is now possible, "the city which hath foundation, whose Building and Maker is God. /

问答题Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.

问答题Directions: Suppose you are a graduate majoring in Computer Science. Write a letter to apply for further study. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.

问答题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. The benefits of some environmentally friendly policies will not be apparent until decades after they have been enacted. (46) {{U}}That is one of the messages of a report from the United Nations Environment Programme, which, even by the standards of global environment assessments, is sobering reading.{{/U}} (47) {{U}}Global Environmental Outlook 3 (GE03), a study of the links between environmental, social and development issues, contains a range of dreadful but familiar predictions about the impact of factors such as climate change and industrial development.{{/U}} But the report, released last week in the run-up to August's World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, was unusually pessimistic about the prospects for reversing the damage. The new predictions are contained in one of four possible futures outlined in the report. The authors considered situations in which global politics were dominated by concerns over markets, environmental and social policies, security, or sustainability. These were based on attempts to calculate the effect of the different approaches on population levels, economics, technology and governance. Some of the situations produced a familiar picture. (48) {{U}}In a world dominated by a market mentality, for example, land and forest ruin becomes a critical issue, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean.{{/U}} But the sustainability situation's predictions shocked some of the authors. "The delays between changing human behaviour and environmental recovery came as the biggest surprise to the regional experts," says Jan Bakkes of the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment in Bilthoven, the Netherlands, one of the report's authors. (49) {{U}}The report found that even if environmentally friendly approaches were adopted now, carbon dioxide concentrations would continue to rise until 2050.{{/U}} Water shortages would continue and coastal pollution would increase slightly. Bakkes blames difficulty in changing energy and transport infrastructures. Originally used during the 1950s to simulate future conflicts, situations were revived in an improved form by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the early 1990s. "By adding situations to assessments you come up with a credible story about how the world might develop and can translate that into quantifiable formation." says Bert Metz, also at the Bilthoven institute and co-chair of the IPCC working group on strategies for tackling climate change. More than 1,000 scientists contributed to GEO$, which divides the world into no less than 17 different regions. (50){{U}}By contrast, the IPCC has used just four regions in previous assessments, although the panel's new chair, energy economist Rajendra Pachauri, has pledged to improve regional detail in future strudies.{{/U}}