填空题The appeal of the world of work is first its freedom. The child is compelled to go to school; he is under the　1　of authority. Even what he　2　to school may be decided for him. As he grows up,he sees　3　it is to be free　4　school and to be able to choose his job and change it if he doesn''t like it,to have money in his pocket and　5　to come and go as he wishes in the world. The boys and girls, a year or two older than he is, whom he has long observed, revisit school utterly　6　and apparently mature. Suddenly masters and mistresses seem　7　out of date as his parents and the authority of school a　8　thing. At the moment the adult world may appear so much more real than the school world　9　the hunger to enter it cannot be appeased by exercises in school books, or talk of　10　examinations necessary for entry into professions or the more attractive occupations. This may not be the wisest　11　but it is a necessary part of growing up, for everyone must come sooner or later to the　12　of saying" Really, I''ve had enough of being taught; I must do a proper job. "Some youths, maturing rapidly because of outside influences,come to this decision　13　than they ought. Yet in a way this is not a bad frame of mind to be in　14　leaving school. At work, the young man makes one of the first great acceptances of life-he accepts the 　15　of the material or the process he is working with. The job must be done in accord with some rigid process he cannot　16　. He sees the point of it and in doing so comes to　17　with life. Nothing done in school　18　its will in quite the same way;if it is wet games can be cancelled;if the math master is ill one can　19　with something else. But even the boy delivering papers, like the driver taking out his bus, discovers that one cannot　20　because there is snow on the ground, or the foreman is irritable, or he himself is in a bad mood that morning.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSER SHEET 1. [A] In 1849 gold was discovered in California in the mountains near San Francisco. So started the famous Gold Rush of the 49ers across the vast, unexplored wilderness that lay west of the Mississippi. Whole families perished. One small group of 49ers, looking for a short cut across the Sierra Nevada Mountains, happened to enter the infamous Death Valley. It was lucky for them it was winter, for in summer Death Valley is about the hottest and most desolate place on earth. As it was, one of the group died of thirst, and it was the 49ers who gave the valley its grim name. [B] The completion of the railroad not only joined the cities of the east with California, it also brought prosperity to the isolated farmers of the plains, and to the ranchers who were now able to send their cattle to the slaughterhouses in freight cars. In fact, the new railroad became an essential life-line for a nation which now stretched 3000 miles from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans. [C] As late as the 1880s a man in the Far west could be hanged for stealing a horse, yet get no more than five years in jail for robbing a bank. Ever since the pioneers went west into the unknown, they depended absolutely on their horses and their guns. If a man lost his horse or his gun in the deserts, mountains or forests of Nevada, Arizona and eastern California, he stood no chance. Hunger, thirst, a grizzly bear, a mountain lion, or hostile Indians would finish him off sooner or later. A frontiers man had to be tough, brave and resourceful in those days. [D] The colonization of the West was given a tremendous impetus by the building of the Transcontinental railroad, one of the great engineering feats of all time. Congress decided that the laying of the tracks should begin from the East and the West at the same time. So the building of this railroad lined with poles for the first east-west telegraph system, developed into a race. The Easterners, moving across the plains, progressed faster, for they did not have to tunnel through giant mountains or bridge gaping canyons. The two railroads linked up in Utah on July 10th, 1867. There was great excitement, and a special ceremony to mark the occasion. [E] Deserts, mountains and forests are still the frontier between teeming Californian cities and the sparsely populated wilderness of Nevada and eastern California. Even today, Nevada has hardly more than 500 thousand inhabitants, most of whom live in the cities of Las Vegas and Reno. [F] Later, in 1865, after the Civil War, disillusioned soldiers, unable to find work, followed in the footsteps of the 49ers. They did not find much gold, but they found rich pastures for cattle. It was they who founded the USA's great food industry, and they worked with the vigor and courage of the early pioneers and with a faith fortified by the Bible. [G] Some Americans feel that the frontier spirit no longer exists in the USA. But it expressed itself in a number of ways. Americans do not like being without work, and they will travel hundreds of miles in search of a job, showing a courage and an enterprise which is un-usual in most of the older European countries. Then there is the exploration of outer space. President John Kennedy in a speech to the nation, spoke of this "New Frontier." The frontier spirit certainly played a part in putting the first men on the noon, the most recent of all frontiers to be crossed.

填空题Even if we could make it impossible for people to commit crimes, should we? Or would doing so improperly deprive people of their freedom? This may sound like a fanciful concern, but it is an increasingly real one. The new federal transportation bill, for example, authorized funding for a program that seeks to prevent the crime of drunken driving not by raising public consciousness or issuing stiffer punishments — but by making the crime practically impossible to commit. {{U}} 1 {{/U}}______ The Dadss program is part of a trend toward what I call the "perfect prevention" of crime: depriving people of the choice to commit an offense in the first place. The federal government's Intelligent Transportation Systems program, which is creating technology to share data among vehicles and road infrastructure like traffic lights, could make it impossible for a driver to speed or run a red light. {{U}} 2 {{/U}}______ Such technologies force us to reconcile two important interests. On one hand is society's desire for safety and security. On the other hand is the individual's right to act freely. Conventional crime prevention balances these interests by allowing individuals the freedom to commit crime, but punishing them if they do. The perfect prevention of crime asks us to consider exactly how far individual freedom extends. Does freedom include a "right" to drive drunk, for instance? It is hard to imagine that it does. {{U}} 3 {{/U}}______ For most familiar crimes (murder, robbery, rape, arson), the law requires that the actor have some guilty state of mind, whether it is intent, recklessness or negligence. {{U}} 4 {{/U}}______ In such cases, using technology to prevent the crime entirely would not unduly burden individual freedom ; it would simply be effective enforcement of the statute. Because there is no mental state required to be guilty of the offense, the government could require, for instance, that drug manufacturers apply a special tamper-proof coating to all pills, thus making the sale of tainted drugs practically impossible, without intruding on the thoughts of any future seller. But because the government must not intrude on people's thoughts, perfect prevention is a bad fit for most offenses. {{U}} 5 {{/U}}______ Even if this could be known, perhaps with the help of some sort of neurological scan, collecting such knowledge would violate an individual's freedom of thought. Perfect prevention is a politically attractive approach to crime prevention, and for strict liability crimes it is permissible and may be good policy if implemented properly. But for most offenses, the threat to individual freedom is too great to justify this approach. This is not because people have a right to commit crimes; they do not. Rather, perfect prevention threatens our right to be free in our thoughts, even when those thoughts turn to crime. [A] But there is a category of crimes that are forbidden regardless of the actor's state of mind: so-called strict-liability offenses. One example is the sale of tainted drugs. Another is drunken driving. [B] The Dadss program, despite its effectiveness in preventing drunk driving, is criticized as a violation of human rights because it monitors drivers' behavior and controls individual's free will. [C] And the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 has already criminalized the development of technologies that can be used to avoid copyright restrictions, making it effectively impossible for most people to illegally share certain copyrighted materials, including video games. [D] If the actor doesn't have the guilty state of mind, and he commits crime involuntarily, in this case, the actor will be convicted as innocent. [E] Perfect prevention of a crime like murder would require the ability to know what a person was thinking in order to determine whether he possessed the relevant culpable mental state. [F] The program, the Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (Dadss), is developing in vehicle technology that automatically checks a driver's blood-alcohol level and, if that level is above the legal limit, prevents the car from starting. [G] But what if the government were to add a drug to the water supply that suppressed antisocial urges and thereby reduced the murder rate? This would seem like an obvious violation of our freedom. We need a clear method of distinguishing such cases.

填空题Today no one has ever doubted about television's charm. Since 1920s Britain invented the first television, people have begun to live in a world crowded with soap operas, news magazines and TV advertisements. 41．______However, have we ever tried to find out the magic here? Why did the television win the competition with paper media and radio in such a short period? By what kind of contention did TV finally control most of the audiences? And why does TV become the means the industrial circles scramble for? It is argued that television may not be a form of art, but fifteen thousand years before the primitive people had left urus drawings on Altamira Cave in Spain, which proved that pictures are human ever-lasting pursuit much earlier than letters. 42．______The coming of the 19th century foretold a mass media times and also the break-through in arts because of the rapid development in technology. First by the invention of photography photos showed up before people in a way more substantiated and frequent than ever before; then radio enabled common people to enjoy arts by ears; and finally television integrated advantages of both photos and sounds into a new creation in continuously moving streams. 43．______ But television advertisements win people's favor not only because it is an art, but also because it knows people's heart. From the usual mental activity people accept a thing- perception, understanding, recollection, attitude and action, we can find out how a TV ad moves people. 44．______There is only a slowly turning fist on the screen with a voice- over: what has it grasped? And the fist opened, nothing inside. What it grasps is just your attention. When the targeted audience is willing to watch the ad, the first step is finished and then they should love it. How to gain their identification? The ad circles have summed up many effective experiences. They often make their ads entertaining and humorous, or exhibit their goods in a smart and artful way, or find out a crafty and clear proposition which sometimes may be: Dawn Detergent-wraps the grease which will not stain your hands (God! All detergent could do this although the audience may not realize. ). As for the links of memorizing, attitude and action, since TV is the most compulsive, penetrating and influential medium, TV ads are still the most efficient. 45．______From cpp to cpm, and from the well-known TV ratings to audience share, TV ads are a stage where every interest groups and individuals rack their brains to keep moving, and it is also one of the business areas with fiercest competition. TV ads, still the main form of today's advertising, will never be a circle short of creation and advance.[A] First, TV ad always spares no effort to grasp audience's attention, as shown in an ad made by the ad-department of a TV studio to promote itself.[B] Particularly, with its unparalleled power of product promotion, television has served as the advertiser's beloved son for all these years.[C] In the later centuries, although great progresses were also made in sculptures, architectures and music, drawing was always the synonym for art.[D] TV ads, still the main form of today' s advertising, will never be a circle short of creation and advance.[E] Television, originated from art, ultimately surpassed it.[F] Today TV ads have become one of the representatives of modern business operation.[G] Television, of the same blood with movie, has also borrowed much from this comparatively mature art form in creating advertisements.