旅游是一种集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展。20世纪中叶以来，现代旅游在世界范围迅速兴起，旅游人数不断增加，旅游产业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位显著提升，旅游活动日益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道，对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响。 古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。在古代，中国先哲们就提出了“观国之光”的思想，倡导“读万卷书，行万里路”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。

跨太平洋伙伴关系协定

包容式增长

Read the following passage and answer the questions listed below. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(10 points) Japan is the biggest waster of women. Though the proportion of its women in the labor force is rising rapidly, it still has the industrial world's deepest "M" shaped graph of female labor-force participation—the proportion rises to 70% by the age of 25, but then fall falls to 50% as women are forced to quit when they get married, rising again only after the age of 35. Though some Japanese firms are catching on to women's potential, and many are luring women as part-time factory workers, most have so far paid more attention to gray-haired males. Older people should be ideal targets for corporate recruiters everywhere. They are less likely to miss work, more polite to customers, and more loyal than their younger counterparts. In practice though, surely all they want to do is retire. The average age at which American men retire has declined from 65 in 1963 to 62 today and seems set to decline further. The few companies that are trying to halt that trend are an unconventional minority. On the Conference Board's reckoning, 62% of American companies offer early retirement plans and only 4% offer inducements to delay retirement. That will change as American companies weigh the difficulties of recruiting new workers against the advantages of retaining old hands. Varian, a Silicon Valley company engaged in high-tech wizardry, is pioneering the way. Its phased-retirement plan permits employees who are 55 or ode to work 20-32 hours a week for as long as they and the company wish. Retired people in America are allowed to work for 1,000 hours a year without affecting their pension and health benefits. Japan's old people are, you guessed it, workaholics: most big firms have moved their retirement ages from 55 to 60 in recent years, to please their workers as well as to relieve the labour shortage. But there is a quid pro quo: many firms have adjusted their seniority stems so that the highest wages are paid at around 45 rather than just before retirement, in order to hold down labor costs. More than 60% of Japanese men over 55 are still working, compared with 40% in America. And Japanese women lead the world in one respect, at least: at 30%, their labor participation rate over the age of 55 is industrial world's highest. European companies are also waking up to the potential of hiring older workers. In the first six months of 1989 a British supermarket chain, Tesco, recruited around 1,500 people in their 50s and 60s with a "Life Begins at 55" campaign. At a recent conference in West Germany on the country's graying society, sponsored by BDI, the employers' confederation, two-thirds of the companies said they employed old-age pensioners part-time, and 75% said they expect to lure someone over 50 in the next year. With the youngest pensionable age in Europe, Germany has a huge reservoir of trained labor. All the signs are that it will need it.

The Washington Post

denotation

A child's world is fresh and new and beautiful, full of wonder and excitement. It is our misfortune that for most of us that clear-eyed vision, that true instinct of what is beautiful and awe-inspiring, is dimmed or even lost before we reach adulthood. If I had influence with the good fairy who is supposed to preside over the christening of all children I should ask that her gift to each child in the world be a sense of wonder so indestructible that it would last throughout life, as an unfailing antidote against the boredom and disenchantments of later years, the sterile preoccupation with things that are artificial, the alienation from the sources of our strength. If a child is to keep alive his inborn sense of wonder without any such gift from the fairies, he needs the companionship of at least one adult who can share it, rediscovering with him the joy, excitement of mystery of the world we live in. Parents often have a sense of inadequacy when confronted on the hand with eager, sensitive child mind of a child and on the other with a world of complex physical nature, inhabited by a life so various and unfamiliar that it seems hopeless to reduce it to order and knowledge. In a mood of self-defeat, they exclaim, "How can I possibly teach my child about nature—why, I don't even know one bird from another!" I sincerely believe that for the child, and for the parent seeking to guide them, it is not half so important to know as to feel. If facts are the seeds that later produce knowledge and wisdom, then the emotions and the impressions of the senses are the fertile soil in which the seeds must grow. The years of early childhood are the time to prepare the soil. Once the emotions have been aroused—a sense of the beautiful, the excitement of the new and the unknown, a feeling of sympathy, pity, admiration or love—then we wish for knowledge about the object of our emotional response. Once found, it has lasting meaning. It is more important to pave the way for the child to want to know than to put him on a diet of facts he is not ready to assimilate. (From The Instinct for the Beautiful by Rachel Louise Carson)

Whatever their strategies, students did not always get what they wanted immediately and they sometimes had to put up with considerable inconvenience before they reached their objectives. Hence, they needed to find ways to deal with the resulting frustration. 【R1】______. A few freshmen tried to reduce their frustration with the campus bureaucracy by simple avoidance. One explained, " I haven' t dropped or added a class just because I didn' t want to have to go through the trap. It just seemed like too much of an ordeal. " For most, however, avoidance was not feasible. 【R2】______. One approach was to create psychological distance. Students sometimes responded to staff impersonally by viewing staff just as impersonally as the staff viewed them. If staff members were affectively distant, our interviewees would transform them into just another part of the bureaucratic apparatus, expressing only partly cohered resentment by referring to them as "Miss Whatever" or "the poor little lady". Or as another put it, "A receptionist is a receptionist. "【R3】______. Another set of strategies for reducing frustration centered around waiting in line. Both observation and interview data indicate that students in lines spent much time talking to one another, allowing them to build social networks and pass the time. Indeed, 5 of our 20 interviewees actually recruited friends to go with them to a campus office. As one said, "It would have been a lot worse if I hadn' t had someone to wait with me. " Others were accompanied by parents for the same reason. 【R4】______. Others passed the time and reduced their anxiety by tracking their progress; "I just watched the line in front of me and noticed how much time each person was taking and tried to evaluate how much longer until I would be seen. Because freshmen were unwilling to vent their frustration to staff, they turned elsewhere to express their feelings. 【R5】______. When staff members were near, these complaints were suppressed or muted in the interest of avoiding friction with staff. Friends, roommates and parents could also provide a sympathetic ear for students needing to blow off steam.A. The ends of lines, for example, provided "back regions" where students could "come out of character" and voice their complaints to other students.B. Bureaucracy is the dominant organizational form in our society and freshmen must define a new situation and adapt to bureaucratic constrains.C. By reducing or managing, these safety valve strategies made it easier for students to maintain smooth relations with the campus bureaucracy.D. They had to find other ways to reduce or manage frustration.E. By creating interpersonal distance, students could avoid damage to their self-esteem by deciding that staff opinions of them did not matter and justify expressing resentment toward staff.F. By waiting in line, sometimes students can reduce their frustration because they can get acquainted with someone else and make more friends.G. Some freshmen reported using waiting time to conduct "symbolic rehearsals" of upcoming interaction with staff.

Under-translation

凡人皆有得意时。

intangible assets

世界博览会

game theory

自贸试验区

No Englishman believes in working from book learning. He suspects all theories, philosophical or other. He suspects everything new and dislike it, unless he can be compelled by the force of circumstances to see that this new thing has advantages over the old. Race-experience is what he invariably depends up upon, whenever he can, whether in India, in Egypt, or in Australia. His statesmen do not consult historical precedents in order to decide what to do; they first learn the facts as they are; then they depend upon their own common sense, not at all upon their university learning or upon philosophical theories. And in the case of the English nation, it must be acknowledged that this instinctive method has been eminently successful.The last people from whom praise can be expected, even for what is worthy of all praise, are the English. A new friendship, a new ideal, a reform, a noble action, a wonderful poet, an exquisite painting—any of these things will be admired and praised by every other people in Europe long before you can get Englishmen to praise. The Englishman all this time is studying, considering, trying to find fault. Why should he try to find fault? So that he will not make any mistakes at a later day. He has inherited the terrible caution of his ancestors in regard to mistakes. It must be granted that his caution has saved him from a number of very serious mistakes that other nations have made. It must also be acknowledged that he exercises a fair amount of moderation in the opposite direction—this modem Englishman; he has learned caution of another kind, which his ancestors taught him. "Power should be used with moderation: for whoever finds himself among valiant men will discover that no man is peerless. " And this is a very important thing for the strong man to know-that however strong, he cannot be the strongest; his match will be found when occasion demands it. Not only Scandinavian but English rulers have often discovered this fact to their cost.

宏观经济

UNESCO

建立市场导向的就业机制

银行业面临的挑战在于如何使客户乐意学习使用并信任这种新型的服务渠道。多数大银行现已能够提供完全可靠的、功能齐全的网上银行业务，不收取或只收取少许费用。随着越来越多的银行网上业务的成功，以及越来越多的客户登陆它们的网站，功能齐全的网上银行业务很可能变得像自动柜员机一样普及。

B汉译英/B