激光唱片

targeted group

亚太经合组织第二十二次领导人非正式会议

By far the most important challenge to a humanist philosophy, however, is that coming from the field of ethics. For the belief in an afterlife, in which a person's moral performance in this life is infallibly judged and brought to justice, provides impressive supernatural backing for a society's conventional morality. The decline of this belief exposes the merely conventional character of such a morality. Its various restrictions are then no longer accepted as inescapable and the question why they shouldn't be evaded when this is advantageous begins to loom large. And since it seems impossible to distinguish the eliminable flaws of a given conventional morality from the essential flaws of any morality whatever, it is difficult to resist the conclusion that now the devil is dead, we can do what we like. In the absence of adequate reasons for accepting such a conventional morality, and of an indubitable method for arriving at moral precepts which everyone can see to be compelling, the natural response is skepticism, cynicism, hypocrisy, and the unbridled pursuit of what makes a life worth living. If humanism is to meet this challenge, it must show whether and why moralities are necessary, what benefits they confer on us and what harm they prevent, how their content must be determined, and why a person should be moral even when that runs counter to his best interest. Our first problem is this. If, in the absence of supernatural beliefs, the voices of conscience, of the moral sense, and of intuition are only the impressively dressed-up demands of our society, then these voices cannot tell us what is right and what is wrong in a sense which provides an adequate reason for doing what is right and refraining from doing what is wrong. How then can we find out what is really right and what is merely supposed so by our society? The only alternative to theories based on intuition, it seems, are theories which base our knowledge of right and wrong on some form of calculation. The two most popular candidates are egoism and utilitarianism. The former maintains that each individual can tell what it would be right for him to do by calculating what would be in his best interest. This is, at first sight, an attractive view. It is internally consistent, rational, and brutally honest. It does not enmesh us in the problems of why a person should be moral when being so is contrary to his best interest...Questions 1-5:Read Passage 1 and fill in the five blanks according to the word limit given if there is any.

国际翻译日主题

B汉译英/B

civil society

水土流失

BPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D./B

1915年张裕带四款产品代表中国葡萄酒业参加了世博会。1931年张裕酿出了中国人自己的干红葡萄酒。如今，张裕在中国六大优质葡萄产区拥有17000公顷的葡萄园，提供新鲜、天然、成熟的葡萄。张裕拥有全球最先进的酿酒设备和技术，在国内六大酒庄拥有世界一流的酿酒师团队。融合国际资本和技术，张裕还在法国、意大利和新西兰与当地酒庄组成国际酒庄联盟。

To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error. If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don"t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind , you have passionate convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there is knowledge , but in theology there is only opinion. So whenever you find yours getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants. From How to Avoid Foolish Opinions by Bertrand Russell

lantern

B汉译英/B

incentive policy

These three great inventions were applied to civil industries in the postwar period, which has led to the third great scientific and technological revolution in man"s history.(Passage Four)

walking dictionary

不良贷款

The beauty of our country—or at least all of it south of the Highlands—is as hard to define as it is easy to enjoy. Remembering other and larger countries, we see at once that one of its charms is that it is immensely varied within a small compass. We have here no vast mountain ranges, no illimitable plains, no leagues of forests, and are deprived of the grandeur that may accompany these things. But we have superb variety. A great deal of everything is packed into little space. I suspect that we are always faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island, with the sea always round the comer. We know that everything has to be neatly packed into a small space. Nature, we feel, has carefully adjusted things—mountains, plains, rivers, lakes—to the scale of the island itself. A mountain 12,000 feet high would be a horrible monster here, as wrong as a plain 400 miles long, a river as broad as the Mississippi. In America the whole scale is too big, except for aviators. There is always too much of everything. There you find yourself in a region that is all mountains, then in another region that is merely part of one colossal plain. You can spend a long, hard day in the Rockies simple traveling up or down one valley. You can wander across prairie country that has the desolating immensity of the ocean. Everything is too big; there is too much of it.

MIT

“老虎苍蝇一起打”