AUSTRALIA' S SPORTING SUCCESS A]They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport(AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission(ASC), finances programs of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice. B]Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centers. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one—such as building muscle strength in golfers—to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim; winning. "We can't waste out time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance, " says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS. C]A lot of their work comes down to measurement—everything from the exact angle of a swimmer's dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimeter there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It's the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN(Swimming Analysis)system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analyzed individually—stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer. D]"Take a look, " says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? "His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy, " says Mason. " If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better. " This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists' research is bring to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run. There's more to it than simply measuring performance. Flicker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and clods 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy. E]Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a "competition model" , based on what they expect will be the winning times. "You design the model to make that time, " says Mason. "A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stoke length, with turns done in these times. " All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world's most successful sporting nation. F]Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying—and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1966, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers' times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the "altitude tent" , developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia's success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system. Questions 1-7 Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A - F. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the answers on your answer sheet. NB: You may use any letter more than once.

These days, as leaders of all nations come together more and more to strengthen ties or resolve differences, international spokesmen rely heavily on a select band of expert linguists to transmit—often by simultaneous translation—both literal meanings and the diplomatic nuances which can mean even more. The pressure is terrific. One diplomatic interpreter offered a wry description of himself as a man with a ruined liver and worse nerves who turns up in press photos between two world leaders lacking a common language. "I am the one referred to as unidentified," he says. Colleagues find the image not wholly inaccurate. Like electricity, a good interpreter is never noticed unless something goes wrong. The glass booth in which the conference interpreter usually works can be a private chamber of horrors.

引渡条约

两元经济结构

Through the project, many people have received training and______(决定自己创业).

Market Share

论语

photo shop

博客搜索

追星族

海外华侨

增强社会创造力

女士们、先生们、朋友们： 90年前，中国人民喜爱的印度伟大诗人泰戈尔访问了中国，受到中国人民的热烈欢迎。一踏上中国的土地，泰戈尔就说：“我不知道什么缘故，到中国就像回到故乡一样。”在离开中国时，他伤感地说：“我的心留在这里了。” 今天在座的有中印两国的青年代表。青年人是中印两国的未来，也是亚洲和世界的希望。青年人有现实主义者的喜怒哀乐，更有理想主义者的信念和执着。希望你们从中印古老文明中汲取智慧，在追求真理的道路上一路向前。希望你们加强心灵沟通，把年轻的心留在中国，把年轻的心留在印度，大家心心相印、共创未来。 最后，我想告诉印度朋友的是，中国人讲求“己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人”。中国在谋求自身发展的同时，真诚希望印度繁荣富强，期待同印度携手前行。在印度人民实现发展复兴的道路上，中国人民愿意始终同印度人民走在一起。我相信，深刻影响了人类文明发展的中印两国人民，一定会为亚洲和世界发展做出新的更大的贡献! (节选自2014年习近平在印度世界事务委员会的演讲)

扩大内需

Read the following passage and select the best answer to each of the questions below. Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return on what has been spent. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments. Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense that has to be accepted in order to sell their goods. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company's total commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance. Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. Managers commonly consider that their time is too valuable to spend on anything other than urgent operational problems. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company's policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant. As the many alternative courses of action are programmed, the assistant takes any actions or decisions which are appropriate. Only unusual situations need be dealt with by the manager. The first step in preparing a marketing plan is that of producing the information necessary for decision making. Usually, a company will have within its own administration and control system the raw material necessary for the plan's foundations. In addition, there is plenty of published information which is made available by government departments, institutions and the press. Marketing research is yet to be fully exploited by the majority of companies. It has so far only been used by companies that have recognized that their existing information sources are inadequate. Because of the scale of operations that now confronts the typical businessman, it is essential that investment decisions are based upon relevant information, so reducing the business risk. For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company's operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.

food security

首席执行官

B汉译英/B

逆袭

par value