Completethetextbychoosingonewordfromtheboxbelowforeachblankmarked1to25.Changetheformofthewordwherenecessary.IsAmericanEnglishGoodEnglish?Ifthequestionisaskedlessoftennowthaninthepast,attitudesassociatedwiththequestionpersist.Thereisnotingatpresent【C1】______thesustainedcontroversyoverAmericanismsofthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.ThesteadyfloodofwritingontheEnglishlanguageduringrecentyearsincludes【C2】______thatundertaketocompareAmericanEnglishunfavorablywithBritishEnglishandevenfewerthatfinditnecessarytodefendtheAmericanvariety/AndajudgmentsuchasDeSelincourt'shalfacenturyagowouldbetakenasfacetious【C3】______oneithersideoftheAtlantic:"OnlywhenwehearEnglishonthelipsofAmericansdowefearforitsintegrity."Yetonemustrecognizethatacertain【C4】______towardAmericanEnglishisstilltobeencountered,oftenstatedmoreobliquelythaninthepast.TheEnglishnovelistAnthonyBurgess【C5】______withatouchofirony,"There'snodoubtatallthatthemodelofspokenEnglishthatthewholeworldisnowtakingcomesfromAmericaandnotdespisedanddiminishedBritain."Buthemakesclearthatheconsidersthemodelan【C6】______one:"Americanspeechseemstometohavedifficultyinachievingamodeofconversewhichshallstrikeamenbetweenheavyformalityandfolkiness—thereisatendencyforittobeeitherbrutallyandsentimentallycolloquialorpentagonallygrandiloquent."TheAmericanismthathe【C7】______asespeciallyillustrativeofsuchdifficultiesintoneisthegreetingHi.Itisinstructivetobeawareoflinguisticprejudiceinothersifonlytoguardagainstitinourselves【C8】______weobservevarietiesofEnglishincountrieswhosetraditionsareyoungerandlessassuredthanourown.TheopinionofWilliamArcher,【C9】______wasmarkedlyliberalatthetimeandwhichstrikesusnowasself-evident,hasimplicationsthatarebroaderthanthespecificquestionofAmericanisms:"WeareaptinEnglandtoclassasan'Americanism'everyunfamiliarortoofamiliarlocutionwhichwedonothappentolike...Buttherecanbenorational【C10】______,Ithink,thattheEnglishlanguagehasgained,andisgaining,enormouslybyitsexpansionovertheAmericancontinent.Theprimefunctionofalanguage,afterall,istointerpretthe'formandpressure'oflife—theexperience,knowledge,thought,emotionandaspirationoftheracewhichemploysit.This【C11】______so,themoretaprootsalanguagesendsdownintothesoiloflifeandthemorevariedthestrataofhumanexperiencefromwhichit【C12】______itsnourishment,whetherofvocabularyoridiom,themoreperfectwillbeitspotentialitiesasamediumofexpression...TheEnglishlanguageisnomerehistoricmonument,likeWestminsterAbbey,tobereligiously【C13】______asarelicofthepast,andreverencedastheburial-placeofabygonebreedofgiants;itisalivingorganism,ceaselesslybusied,likeanyotherorganism,intheprocessofassimilationandexcretion.Ithas【C14】______it.wemayfairlyhope,afuturestillgreaterthanitsgloriouspast.AndthegreatnessofthatfuturewillgreatlydependontheharmoniousinterplayofspiritualforcesthroughouttheAmericanRepublicandtheBritishEmpire."【C15】______thispointofviewtheAmericanhasthemostnaturalsympathy.AflourishingliterarytraditionthatregularlyincludesNobellaureatesamongitsnumbersiseloquent【C16】______thatalanguagegainsinextendingitstaproots,andthehistoryofthattraditionservestoremindspeakersinboththeUnitedStatesandBritainthatsimilarextensionsthroughouttheworldwillcontinuetoenrichthelanguage.AlongwiththegooduseofEnglishtherewillbemuchthatisindifferentorfrankly【C17】______.InIndia,Ghana,andthePhilippines,inAustraliaandJamaica,asintheUnitedStatesandEngland,onecanfindplentifulsamplesofEnglishthatdeservealowestimate.ManyearlierattacksonAmericanEnglishwere【C18】______bytheslang,colloquialisms,andlinguisticnoveltiesofpopularfictionandjournalism,justasrecentcriticismshavebeendirectedatjargoninthespeechandwritingsofAmericangovernmentofficials,journalists,andsocialscientists.【C19】______theEnglishofawholecountryshouldnotbejudgedbyitsleastgracefulexamples.GeneralizationsabouttheuseofEnglishthroughoutacountryoraregionaremore【C20】______tomisleadthantoinform,andquestionsthatleadtosuchgeneralizationsareamongtheleasthelpfulquestionstoask.GoodAmericanEnglishissimplygoodEnglish,Englishthatdiffersalittleinpronunciation,vocabulary,andoccasionallyinidiomfromgoodEnglishasspokeninLondonorSouthAfrica【C21】______differsnomorethanourphysicalsurroundings,ourpoliticalandsocialinstitutions,andtheothercircumstancesreflectedinlanguagedifferfromthoseofotherEnglish-speakingareas.Itrestsuponthesame【C22】______asthatwhichthestandardspeechofEnglandrestsupon—theusageofreputablespeakersandwritersthroughoutthecountry.【C23】______Americanstudentsoflanguagearesoprovincialastohope,orwish,thattheAmericanstandardmaysomedaybeadoptedinEngland.Nordothey【C24】______theviewsofsuchinEnglandasthinkthatwewoulddowelltotakeourstandardready-madefromthem.TheywillbecontentwiththeopinionofHenryBradleythat"thewisersortamonguswillnot【C25】______thatAmericanshaveacquiredtherighttoframetheirownstandardsofcorrectEnglishontheusageoftheirbestwritersandspeakers."AndAmericansgenerallywillsubscribetothesentimentwithwhichthesamescholarcontinues:"Butisittoomuchtohopethatonedaythisvastcommunityofnationswillpossessacommon'standardEnglish',tolerantofminorlocalvarieties...?Therearemanyonbothsideoftheoceanwhocherishthisidealandareeagertodoallintheirpowertobringitnearertofulfillment."

nepotism

Patriotic Health Campaign

municipality with an independent budget

危险品

中国将继续高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，坚定不移致力于维护世界和平、促进共同发展。中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路，坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚决维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，绝不会屈服于任何外来压力。中国将始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略，通过深化合作促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长。中国人民热爱和平、渴望发展，愿同各国人民一道为人类和平与发展的崇高事业而不懈努力。 中国的发展有力带动了周边国家的共同发展。过去10年，中国与周边国家贸易额由1 700多亿美元增加到1万多亿美元，对周边国家投资以两位数快速增长。中国成为众多周边国家的最大贸易伙伴、投资来源地和游客来源地，给中国和周边国家都带来实实在在的利益，有力地促进了亚洲的和平、稳定与繁荣。展望未来，中国的发展将释放出更大的市场潜力，为周边国家带来更多机遇。“十二五”期间，中国将有8万亿美元的进口总规模。马来西亚也在努力实现“2020宏愿”。中国与周边国家在实现各自国家发展战略的进程中，会释放出更大合作潜力和能量。我们希望同亚洲国家人民一道，共同为实现亚洲的发展繁荣而努力奋斗!(465字)

As far as American school system is concerned, it is almost impossible to pick out one institution as typical or even representative. The primary reason for this bafflement is that there are too great a variety of schools at both primary and secondary level, and the differences between or among them are just too huge. However, while singling out typical schools is next to impossible, there are enough basic features among them to permit some generalizations. Under the U. S. Constitution, the federal government has no power to make laws in the field of education; instead, each state is fully responsible within its own territory. Accordingly, each state has an educational administration, not subject to federal control. The state authorities lay down general principles concerning the organization of schools and such matters as the ages of compulsory education schools are provided and managed by local community boards of education. A fairly large cit-y has a board of its own; otherwise a board may cover the area of a county or of several local communities. All states have for some time had compulsory school attendance up to the age of sixteen, and some beyond that, but the laws are not everywhere enforced with the same vigor, with so much local control, the standards of education provided in different parts of the United States are by no means uniform. Elementary education begins at the age of six. There are almost always required subjects at each level, and pupils who do not do well often have to repeat courses. Many schools also support summer classes, where students can make up for failed course or even take extra courses. At this stage, four fifths of all the teachers are women, mostly married. The atmosphere is usually very friendly, and the teachers have for a long time now accepted the idea that the important thing is to make the children happy and interested. The old rigid and authoritarian methods of education were discredited in America rather a long time ago—so much that many people now thinks that education has gone too far in the direction of trying to make children happy and interested rather than giving them actual instruction. Education in nearly all parts of the United States is comprehensive in that there is no selection of children who attend full scale secondary education. Distinctions within the educational system are based in part on the use of private instructions by the few who can pay for them and think it worthwhile to do so, and more importantly, on the different social characteristics of the areas in which schools are placed. Racial factors may be involved, although segregation has been formally abandoned. However ever, whether they are public or private, schools in the United States have always stressed character training or social skills training through extracurricular activities, including organized sports and performing arts. As most schools start at around 8 o" clock every morning and classes often do not finish until 3 or 4 o" clock in the afternoon, such activities mean that many students do not return home until the early evening. Students, on the whole, seem to take as much interest in extracurricular activities as they do in school curriculum itself if not more. Consequently cycling, A-merican schools usually provide a very broad range of extracurricular activities, such as mountain climbing, horse racing, and chess playing. Quite many schools publish their newspapers, and some have their own radio stations. Almost all have student orchestras, bands, choirs, and theater and drama societies. As part of extracurricular activities, students are also encouraged to work as volunteers in hospitals and homes for the aged and do other public service work. At any rate, extracurricular activities for American students come in every shape and style.

珍禽异兽

doctor-patient dispute

terrestrial and marine ecosystems

转基因食品

有些人担心电脑技术的广泛使用会进一步恶化就业形势。但另一种观点认为尽管这对个人来说会丢掉饭碗，对整个社会来说由于提高了生产率，因而有利于经济的发展。不管对社会影响如何，有一点是肯定的：有技术的人变得越来越吃香，没技术的人工作越来越难找。

光棍节

本周四中国最高经济计划机构宣布，自从政府加强对抗通货膨胀的措施，国家商品期货价格已经下降。 国家发改委在其网址的声明说，发改委收集的数据表明，自11月11日以来直到本周三，铜、锌、橡胶、棉花、塑料、大豆油和白糖的平均期货价格下降了10％以上。 声明说，此次下阵主要是市场对政府一系列抵制通货膨胀措施产生的反应。 国家发改委也将此次下降归因于欧洲、美国和日本商品期货市场的不景气以及本国市场获利回吐。国家发改委在本周四发布的另一项网上声明中敦促地方政府，要求它们谨慎对待水、煤气、电力和石油等政府控价商品的价格上涨，进而减轻企业和人们的经济压力。

archaeological anthropology

国际经济新秩序

“土豪”

It isn' t good to your health if you have your breakfast while standing______.

注音

对于我们所生存的这个世界，千百年来有着各种认识；然而，归根到底，它是一种系统。这个系统包括了天体、地理、社会、人体、思维等等。牛顿发现的万有引力、爱因斯坦创立的相对论，使人类对这个系统有了最基本的理解，但还仅仅是个基础。 一切事物都是复杂的系统集合，有宏观亦有微观。各系统之间、各层次内部，又发生着永无止境的相互影响。只有从系统的角度，才能真正认识事物、把握事物。 物质的本质其实是同一的；任何物质的属性，既不会增加也不会减少，所不同的是其形式进行了转化，所谓“万变不离其宗”。世界上的千变万化，原来都是实质内容的不同形式。