basic public service system

One method of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks which are barriers formed by trees and other plants.

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is mandated to lead a coordinated international action to protect refugees and resolve refugee problems worldwide.

文化扶贫计划

B英译汉/B

杭州素以风景秀丽著称。七百年前，意大利旅行家马可．波罗曾称誉它是“世界上最美丽华贵之城”。 美的山水孕育着美的心灵，美的心灵创造着美的艺术。历来的大诗人、大文学家、大艺术家，都在杭州留下了不朽的篇章。杭州的民间艺术更是异彩纷呈，引人瞩目。 杭州的宾馆，设备新颖，服务周到。西湖名菜有南宋风味，载誉已久．其特点是用鲜活材料制成，保持原汁原味，美味可口。 杭州丝绸纺织等传统工业历史悠久；电子工业和食品工业正在崛起；这里是发展无污染工业的理想之地。

Many people felt sympathy______the unfortunate family and donate money to them.

Language is the primary way in which producers and distributors communicate with consumers. Those involved with personal selling will find that speaking the local language isn"t optional but a requirement for success. Besides just being able to get the basic information across to the customer, a salesperson also communicates the company"s dedication to the marketplace. All salespeople face an uphill battle when trying to promote a product, but those without the requisite language skills may find that the hill is almost vertical.Language skills will also come into play when advertising and promotional collateral(brochures, manuals, business cards)are translated. A poorly worded document or mistranslated slogan can sink a sales effort before it even starts.(Wanting to assure their Belgian target audience of the sturdiness of their vehicles, General Motors" marketeers once translated their slogan of "Body by Fisher" into Flemish. The resulting translation read more like "Corpse by Fisher" with embarrassing results. One could question whether, even if it had been properly translated, the slogan would have had the desired effect on the Belgian consumers.)The choice of brand names will also rely heavily on how the translation or logo design will play in the new market.Prior to distribution, all translated advertising and promotional materials should be reviewed numerous times by native speakers to uncover potential problems. All administrative and sales personnel who will be working regularly in the target market must have a degree of fluency that will permit their marketing skills to be effective over the long-term.Understanding the target culture is a continuing difficulty, even for major global market players. Pundits may be claiming that the world is becoming more and more homogenized, but there"s only scant evidence of it in marketing. Cultural challenges are perceptual, and perception changes regularly. Having a firm understanding of what a culture was like a decade ago is of practically no use today. Cultural research must be continually updated if advertising and promotions are to work.Even cultures that have had a long-term relationship with each other can have difficulty communicating. For instance, though the Paris-based House of Chanel has been a name brand in the United States for many decades, they were unable to reach the American market with an ad that was hugely successful in Europe. The now-famous Egoiste fragrance ad—featuring women screaming out the brand name from the windows of a Riviera hotel—made very little sense to the U. S. consumer. The ad was just " too French" for the United States and demonstrates a lack of market research. Another Chanel advertising campaign, this one for the Coco line, featured scantily clad European pop star Vanessa Paradis swinging on a trapeze inside of a birdcage. This ad was quite successful, even though few in the U. S. market knew who Ms. Paradis was. In this case, the sexual nature of the advertisement crossed the cultural line. The same ad, however, would have been banned in much of Asia and the Middle East.Very few advertising campaigns succeed in crossing cultural lines on a global basis. Certain categories of products are more easily "globalized" than others. Those that become part of a "lifestyle"(beverages, clothing, personal care, food)are the most common cultural crossers. Thus, Budweiser, Levis, Lancome, and Mars have all had an easy time making cultural inroads. Because these "lifestyle enhancers" are positioned by the "image" they create, they are intentionally directed at youth, who often prefer to separate themselves from the dominant local culture. Advertising schemes that have the greatest chance of succeeding globally exhibit the following attributes: simplicity, directness, humor and clever imagery. All four components should be as broad as possible in composition for the ad to have universal appeal.

Cyberslacker

class shift

The high-tech revolution has inspired a pleasure endless stream of new and exciting electronic products that we just can't live without. In fact, the speed of technological innovation can make last year's must—have this year's junk. And that's the problem. The average life span of a personal computer has been shortened to around 18 months—and this has nothing to do with worn-mice or damaged disk drives. Simply put, electronic products can become out of date before you've even figured out how they work. So what happens to all those old keyboards, monitors, organizers and CPUs? Most are stored away in a corporate warehouse, taking up valuable space. But many end up in landfills, and that is where the trouble really begins. Computer monitors can contain up to 3. 5 kg of lead and actually be considered dangerous waste once they are so longer in use. Circuit boards in electronic products contain some poisonous substances that can leach into ground water if left in a landfill. Unfortunately, this problem is not going to disappear anytime soon—in fact, it is growing by the minute. In Japan alone, people throw away some 20 million TVs, washing machines, refrigerators and air conditioners each year. What is to be done with all this techno-trash? One way to reduce waste is to avoid throwing away in the first place. Many companies reuse parts from old products in new models. This is not cheating—it makes both environmental and economic sense. Cannon, for example, has adopted a corporate philosophy known as "kyosei" , meaning "living and working together for the common good"—including a basic goal of achieving economic development and balance between the environment and corporate activities. The company has even gone so far as to say that environmental assurance should come before all business activities, and that companies unable to achieve such assurance do not deserve to remain in business. As part of that effort, the company has started a global recycling program with a goal to reduce, reuse and recycle more than 90% of its used products. In 1999, for example, Cannon collected 128,000 copying machines and 12,175 tons of toner cartridges in Japan, Europe and the United States. Secondly, electronic garbage can also be controlled during the design phase. This concept, called "design for the environment" , is in evidence at a Japanese company, whose laser printers do not use disposable toner cartridges. Using advanced technology, these printers include a durable print drum with a super-hard coating that can produce up to 300,000 pages of high-quality printing. Not only does this make environmental sense and keep cartridges out of landfills, but it saves the customer money.

蛇年

A subject that seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of humankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of landscape, the relative length of day and night, and climate must all play a part in determining what kind of people we are. It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats. Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less lively than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable. And where olives and oranges grow, the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and casual. But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open character? Is the strength and height of a Kenyan tribe due to their habitual drinking of the cow blood? We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something beneficial to humankind may eventually result from such studies.

Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program(GMS)

cash cow

《泰晤士报》

back-in-time novel

Neet

Papua New Guinea

castration complex