B英译汉/B

谁说我们这一代人都是忧国忧民呢?大学时代，有那么多同龄人选择过自己的日子：整天打麻将的、通宵跳舞的、到处找顺眼伴侣的、出了国就誓死不归的、吃喝玩乐无所不为的……不管哪个时代，认真地心怀家国社会的总是少数，那少数中学而有成的，又是少数；学而有成还对家国之思持之以恒而且加以实践的，更是少数中的少数。社会的进步，是这些少数执着的人锲而不舍的推动，发挥影响而造成的。大多数的人，就搭了进步的便车，顺势前行。 不必谈社会制度的进步，即使只是一个灯光迷炫、乐鼓沸腾的酒吧舞场，也不会凭空而来。在舞场存在以前，有人努力过，使这样的狂欢文化被容许而不是被取缔。然后，在“狂欢”的背后，必须有人制定法规，有人做消防检查，有人处理噪音，有人组织音响，有人筹备乐队，有人清理垃圾，有人设计下水道……(35％)

The only solid pieces of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can't be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can't think up, ever, and therefore there may well be limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.

marital status

work style; working style

雾霾

改编

安居工程

Read the following passage and then compeleted the sentences that follow by filling in the blanks with appropriate information from the text. You may have to use words that summarize the meaning of some portions of the text or spell the word with the initial letter given.(15 points) However, plays change their meaning over time. The elements that modern audiences find most disturbing in The Merchant of Venice would probably not have bothered the average Elizabethan theatergoer, while conversely, Elizabethans would have been aware of social and religious nuances that may be lost on us. Particularly troubling to modern critics is Shylock's enforced conversion: to the modern sensibility it's difficult to reconcile Portia's fine words about charity with the court's subsequent denial of the Jew's right to the religion that is the very core of his ethnic identity. This is unlikely to have bothered Elizabethan theatergoers. Compared with the fate that was meted out to Catholic heretics like Edmund Campion, Shylock's sentence is lenient. Moreover, conversion of the Jews to Christianity was such a central, and proverbial, part of sixteenth-century apocalyptic that it's unlikely that an Elizabethan audience would have regarded Shylock's sentence as unreasonable. After all, hadn't St. Paul himself said that all Israel shall be saved(Rom. 31:26), which the Geneva Bible glossed as meaning that Christians have a duty to work for the conversion of the Jews by spreading the gospel and "the good tidings of salvation which they preached"? Elizabethan exegetes believed that conversion of the Jews was the last stage in the grand historical plan outlined in Daniel's interpretation of Nebuchadnezzar's dream(Daniel 2:31—44.6). The surprising thing about The Merchant of Venice is not that Shakespeare could have written a play that seems to give such free expression to anti-Semitic prejudice, but that in an age when dramatists and their audiences had few inhibitions about such matters, it asks us to question that prejudice. Despite Portia's flagrant deception of a court of law, most Elizabethan theatergoers would probably have agreed that by the end of Act IV mercy had been shown and justice done; Shylock's conversion was clearly a matte of being cruel only to be kind. However, that's not to say that Shylock would have been an uncontroversial figure for a contemporary audience. Though he is portrayed as a Jew, his values seem almost indistinguishable from those of a puritan: he is thrifty and self-righteous("What judgment shall I dread, doing no wrong?" - IV. I. 88); he hates music, masquing and revelry; his house is "sober"(n. v. 36); he places great importance on his family(unlike his wifeless, "prodigal" adversary); and his idea of justice is based on the old lex talionis. Jews may not have been a pressing social issue in Elizabethan England but puritans certainly were... In The Merchant of Venice Shakespeare was more circumspect than he was in the two later plays, and used a politically uncontroversial hate-figure to stand for the puritan sensibility. The link was not entirely arbitrary. As a way of confirming their status as God's chosen people, some fundamentalist puritans actually referred to themselves as Israelites.... The parallel between puritans and Jew was sufficiently familiar to be made a topic of anti-puritan satire.

超额翻译

opportunity cost

他主动提出为帮助她做功课但被拒绝了。(reject)

OECD

中国载人航天工程新闻发言人武平表示，载人航天工程实施以来，中国先后与世界上多个国家、地区和国际组织开展了广泛的合作与交流，在航天医学、空间科学实验、航天员选拔训练等领域均开展过务实合作。她说，中国愿与各国一起，共同推动世界载人航天技术发展，为和平利用太空、造福全人类做出更加积极的贡献。

中国西部论坛秉承交流信息、聚合智慧、共谋发展的宗旨，架起了一座让世界了解西部、让西部走向世界的桥梁，构建了一个世界与西部、东部与西部、西部与西都相互沟通、平等交流的平台。中国西部论坛随着西部大开发的启动而诞生，也将随着西部大开发的推进而延续。我相信各位极具创造精神、富有远见卓识的专家学者、企业家和政要们，必将为中国西部大开发提出宝贵的意见和建议，使中国西部论坛闪烁着智慧的光芒。

最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现一种倾向，这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司。很少人愿意到研究单位。在崇尚物质的社会里，这是一个不可避免的问题。学生还没有走出校门，大公司便在竞相聘用他们，向他们提供具有诱惑力的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面，由于许多大企业，甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重直接经济效益，而相对来说对长期的理论研究不感兴趣，所以科研人员不断从纯理论研究领域流向实用工业。因为在那里工作要比研究领域里好找，工资也往往高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观，而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹，现在单纯为了学知识而学习的人越来越少了。

On Not Winning the Nobel Prize(Excerpt)By Doris LessingWe have a treasure-house of literature, going back to the Egyptians, the Greeks, the Romans. It is all there. This wealth of literature, to be discovered again and again by whoever is lucky enough to come upon it. A treasure. Suppose it did not exist. How impoverished, how empty we would be.We own a legacy of languages, poems, histories, and it is not one that will ever be exhausted. It is there, always.We have a bequest of stories, tales from the old storytellers, some of whose names we know, but some not The storytellers go back and back, to a clearing in the forest where a great fire burns, and the old shamans dance and sing, for our heritage of stories began in fire, magic, the spirit world. And that is where it is held, today.The storyteller is deep inside every one of us. The story-maker always with us. Let us suppose our world is ravaged by war, by the horrors that we all of us easily imagine. Let us suppose floods wash through our cities, the seas rise. But the storyteller will be there, for it is our imaginations which shapes us, keep us, create us—for good and for ill. It is our stories that will recreate us, when we are torn, hurt even destroyed. It is the storyteller, the dream-maker, the myth-maker, that is our phoenix, which represents us at our best, and at our most creative.

nitrogen oxide

粮食安全始终是人类生存发展面临的首要问题，“人人粮食安全”是基本人权。世界粮食安全面临越来越多的非传统挑战和日趋复杂的形势。世界粮食安全的薄弱环节在发展中国家。利用粮食等生产生物燃料对粮食安全的影响不容忽视，气候变化对粮食安全也带来长期挑战。 中国高度重视农业和粮食问题，坚持立足国内实现粮食基本自给的方针，通过加大资金投人、加强农田水利建设、加快农业科技进步等政策和措施，稳定提高粮食和农业综合生产能力。中国用占不到世界9％的耕地，解决了世界近21％人口的吃饭问题，提前实现了联合国千年发展目标(MDG)减贫目标。 中国政府在解决自身粮食安全问题的同时，还在南南合作框架内向有关发展中国家提供了力所能及的农业援助，包括建设农业技术示范中心、提供农业技术援助、提供紧急人道主义粮食援助等，为这些发展中国家提高粮食安全水平作出了自己的贡献。

阅读理解Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher's pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. "Scientific" creationism, which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard "scientific" creationism as bad science and bad religion. 　　The first four chapters of Kitcher' s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior. 　　Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the charity and effectiveness of his arguments. The　nonspecialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapters on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says:" This book stands for reason itself." And so it does―and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.