单选题The basic function of money is the enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so-called double coincidence of barter. If a person has something to sell and wants something else (1) return, it is not necessary to search for someone able and (2) to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sell the (3) item for general purchasing power-that is, "money"-to anyone who wants to buy it and then use the proceeds to buy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it. The importance of this function of money is (4) illustrated by the experience of Germany just after World War II, (5) paper money was (6) largely useless because, despite inflationary conditions, price controls were effectively (7) by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. People had to (8) to barter or to inefficient money substitutes. The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German "economic miracle" just after 1948 reflected partly a currency reform by the occupation authorities, (9) some economists hold that it stemmed primarily from the German government's (10) of all price controls, (11) . permitting a money economy to (12) a barter economy. (13) of the act of sale from the act of purchase (14) the existence of something that will be generally accepted in payment-this is the " (15) of exchange" function of money. But there must also be something that can serve as a (16) abode of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceeds in the interim (17) the first sale and the (18) purchase, or from which the buyer can (19) the general purchasing power with which to pay (20) what is bought. This is the "asset" function of money.

单选题When a disease of epidemic proportions threatens the public, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of affliction and find ways to combat. Vaccination is one of the effective ways to protect the (1) population of a region or country which may be (2) grave risk. The process of vaccination allows the patient's body to (3) immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it (4) naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead (5) of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, (6) his body's immune system can learn to fight the invader (7) . Information (8) how to penetrate the disease's defenses is (9) to all elements of the patient's immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that (10) the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to (11) with it, having already done so before.There are, however, dangers (12) in the process. (13) , even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves (14) much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system (15) , and, therefore, the patient's death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, (16) to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly (17) the whole Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. (18) 1 in 10,000 people who receive the vaccine (19) the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Consequently, the process, which is truly a (20) , may indeed hide some hidden curses. Notes: proportions(pl.)规模；程度；大小。affliction(疾病)痛苦。vaccination n.接种疫苗。eradicate v.根除，消灭。

单选题When you are small, all ambitions fall into one grand category: when I' m grown up. When I' m grown up, you say, I' ll go up in space. I' m going to be an author. I' ll kill them all and then they' ll be sorry. I' ll be married in a cathedral with sixteen bridesmaids in pink lace. I' ll have a puppy of my own and no one will be able to take him away. None of it ever happens, of course--or darn little, but the fantasies give you the idea that there is something to grow up for. Indeed one of the saddest things about gilded adolescence is the feeling that from eighteen on, it' s all downhill; I read with horror of an American hip pie wedding where someone said to the groom( aged twenty) "you seem so kind a grown up somehow", and the lad had to go round seeking assurance that he wasn' t. No, really he wasn't. A determination to be better adults than the present incumbents is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism. When my children are grown up, I' ll learn to fly an airplane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do "go pop", there will be no little ones to suffer shock and maladjustment; that even if the worst does come to the worst, I will at least dodge the geriatric ward and all that look for your glasses in order to see where you' ve left your teeth. When my children are grown up, I' ll have fragile lovely things on low tables; I' ll have a white carpet; I' ll go to the pictures in the afternoons. When the children are grown up, I' ll actually be able to do a day' s work in a flay, instead of spreading over three, and go away for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the Moon. When I' m grown up--I mean when they' re grown up--I' ll be free. Of course, I know it' s got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve - year - old, I' m told, don' t go to bed at seven, so you don' t even get your evening. Once they' re past ten you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shooting the intruders off the doorstep, and to settle down to a steady ten years of criticism of everything you' ve ever thought or done or won. Boys, it seems, may be less of a trial than girls, since they can' t get pregnant and they don' t borrow your clothes--if they do borrow your clothes, of course, you' ye got even more to worry about. The young don' t respect their parents any more. Goodness, how sad. Still, like eating snails, it might be all right once you' ve got over the idea; it might let us off having to bother quite so much with them when the time comes. But one is simply not going to be able to drone away one' s days, toothless by the fire, brooding on the past.

单选题According to this passage, ______may result in the imbalance of bacteria in your intestines.

单选题In the man's opinion something happened to the flying saucer when______

单选题{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} People have good reason to care about the welfare of animals. Ever since the Enlightenment, their treatment has been seen as a measure of mankind's humanity. It is no coincidence that William Wilberforce and Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton, two leaders of the movement to abolish the slave trade, helped found the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in the 1820s. An increasing number of people go further: mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals that have the capacity to suffer. Both views have led people gradually to extend treatment once reserved for mankind to other species. But when everyday lives are measured against such principles, they are fraught with contradictions. Those who would never dream of caging their cats and dogs guzzle bacon and eggs from ghastly factory farms. The abattoir and the cattle truck are secret places safely hidden from the meat-eater's gaze and the child's story book. Plenty of people who denounce the fur-trade (much of which is from farmed animals) quite happily wear leather (also from farmed animals). Perhaps the inconsistency is understandable. After hundreds of years of thinking about it, people cannot agree on a system of rights for each other, so the ground is bound to get shakier still when animals are included. The trouble is that confusion and contradiction open the way to the extremist. And because scientific research is remote from most people's lives, it is particularly vulnerable to their campaigns. In fact, science should be the last target, wherever you draw the boundaries of animal welfare. For one thing, there is rarely an alternative to using animals in research. If there were, scientists would grasp it, because animal research is expensive and encircled by regulations. Animal research is also for a higher purpose than a full belly or an elegant outfit. The world needs new medicines and surgical procedures just as it needs the unknowable fruits of pure research. And science is, by and large, kind to its animals. The couple of million (mainly rats and mice) that die in Britain's laboratories are far better looked-after and far more humanely killed than the billion or so (mainly chickens) on Britain's farms. Indeed, if Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows, you can be fairly sure animal welfare in Britain has just taken a step backwards.

单选题Earlier this summer Arnold Schwarzenegger, California's governor, said that the state's penal system was "failing apart in front of our very eyes". Indeed so. Some 172,000 inmates are crowded into institutions--from the state's 33 prisons to its 12 "community correctional facilities"--that are meant to house fewer than 90,000. Drug abuse is rampant; so too are diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C. Race-based gangs pose the constant threat of violence, riot and even murder. And with more than 16,000 prisoners sleeping in prison gymnasiums and classrooms, rehabilitation programs are virtually non-existent--which helps to explain why two-thirds of California's convicts, the highest rate in the country, are back in prison within three years of being released. Will the governor's summons of a special session of the state legislature, beginning this week, bring a remedy? The reason for the session is to discuss Mr Schwarzenegger's request for almost $ 5.8 billion of public money to be pumped into the prison system. Bonds for $ 2 billion would finance ten 500-bed "re-entry facilities" for prisoners nearing the end of their sentences; another $ 2 billion would expand existing prisons; $1.2 billion would be earmarked for two new prisons; and $ 500m would go for new prison hospitals. Money alone will provide neither an immediate solution nor a lasting one. The first problem is that California simply puts too many offenders in prison. The imprisonment rate, which has risen almost eight-fold since 1970 and is way ahead of any European country, has consistently meant overcrowding despite the construction of 22 new prisons in the past 20 years. The 1994 "three-strikes" law, approved by voters in a referendum, means handing out 25-years-to-life sentences for often trivial third offences--and results in the growing presence in prison of elderly inmates who cost the taxpayer far more than the average of $ 34,000 a prisoner. Meanwhile, the practice of returning parole violators to prison, even for relatively trivial missteps such as missing a drugs test, also strains the system; some 11% of inmates are parole violators. Added to all these are more than 5,000 illegal immigrants being held on behalf of the federal government. The second problem is that any attempt to reform California's penal policy becomes hostage to politics. Two years ago, the governor was expressing optimism. He added the word "rehabilitation" to California's department of corrections, appointed Rod Hickman, a reform-minded former prison guard, to oversee the system and promised to lessen the power of the 31,000-strong prison guards' union, not least by breaking the "code of silence" that protects corrupt or violent guards. But that was then. The reality now is that Mr Hickman resigned in March. Evidence indicates that the governor's office may have given the code of silence in California's prisons a new lease on life. Many experts say that with no moderation in sentencing policies on the horizon, the prison population is expected to grow by another 21,000 over the next five years--enough to outpace any prison-building program. Thus, the dream of prison reforms will never touch the ground.

单选题Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs of the passage?

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.SomeoftheconcernssurroundingTurkey'sapplicationtojointheEuropeanUnion,tobe{{U}}(1){{/U}}onbytheEU'sCouncilofMinistersonDecember17th,areeconomic—inparticular,thecountry'srelativepoverty.ItsGDPperheadislessthanathirdoftheaverageforthe15pre-2004membersoftheEU.{{U}}(2){{/U}}itisnotfaroffthatofLatvia—oneofthetennewmemberswhich{{U}}(3){{/U}}onMay1st2004,anditismuchthesameas{{U}}(4){{/U}}oftwocountries,BulgariaandRomania,whichthisweekconcluded{{U}}(5){{/U}}talkswiththeEUthatcouldmakethemfullmembersonJanuary1st2007.{{U}}(6){{/U}},thecountry'srecenteconomicprogresshasbeen,accordingtoDonaldJohnston,thesecretary-generaloftheOECD,stunning.GDPinthesecondquarteroftheyearwas13.4%higherthanayearearlier,a{{U}}(7){{/U}}ofgrowththatnoEUcountrycomescloseto{{U}}(8){{/U}}.Turkey's{{U}}(9){{/U}}ratehasjustfallenintosinglefiguresforthefirsttimesince1972,andthisweekthecountry{{U}}(10){{/U}}agreementwiththeIMFonanewthree-year,$10billioniconomicprogramthatwillhelpTurkey{{U}}(11){{/U}}inflationtowardEuropeanlevels,andenhancetheeconomy'sresilience.Resiliencehasnothistoricallybeenthecountry'seconomicstrongpoint.{{U}}(12){{/U}},throughoutthe1990sgrowthoscillatedlikeanelectrocardiogram{{U}}(13){{/U}}aviolentheartattack.This{{U}}(14){{/U}}hasbeenoneofthemainreasonswhythecountryhasfaileddismallytoattractmuch-neededforeigndirectinvestment.Itsstockofsuchinvestmentislowernowthanitwasinthe1980s,andannual{{U}}(15){{/U}}havescarcelyeverreached$1billion.Onedeterrenttoforeigninvestorsisdueto{{U}}(16){{/U}}onJanuary1st2005.Onthatday,Turkeywilltakeawaytherightofvirtuallyeveryoneofitscitizenstocallthemselvesamillionaire.Sixzeroswillberemovedfromthefacevalueofthelira(里拉,土耳其贷币单位);oneunitofthelocal{{U}}(17){{/U}}willhenceforthbeworthwhat1millionarenow—ie,about0.53(0.53欧元).Goodswillhavetobe{{U}}(18){{/U}}inboththenewandoldliraforthewholeoftheyear,{{U}}(19){{/U}}foreignbankersand{{U}}(20){{/U}}canbegintolookforwardtoatimeinTurkeywhentheywillnolongerhavetojugglementallywithindeterminatestringsofzeros.

单选题{{B}}Text 2{{/B}} Many will know that the word "muscle" comes from the Latin for "mouse" (rippling under the skin, so to speak ). But what about "chagrin", derived from the Turkish for roughened leather, or scaly sharkskin. Or "lens" which comes from the Latin "lentil" or "window" meaning "eye of wind" in old Norse? Looked at closely, the language comes apart in images, like those strange paintings by Giuseppe Arcimboldo where heads are made of fruit and vegetables. Not that Henry Hitchings's book is about verbal surrealism. That is an extra pleasure in a book which is really about the way the English language has roamed the world helping itself liberally to words, absorbing them, forgetting where they came from, and moving on with an ever-growing load of exotics, crossbreeds and subtly shaded near-synonyms. It is also about migrations within the language's own borders, about upward and downward mobility, about words losing their roots, turning up in new surroundings, or lying in wait, like "duvet" which was mentioned by Samuel Johnson, for their moment. All this is another way of writing history. The Arab etymologies of " saffron ", "crimson" and "sugar" speak of England's medieval trade with the Arab world. We have "cheque" and "tariff" from this source too, plus "arithmetic" and "algorithm"-just as we have "etch" and "sketch" from the Dutch, musical terms from the Italians and philosophical ones from the Germans. French nuance and finesse are everywhere. At every stage, the book is about people and ideas on the move, about invasion, refugees, immigrants, traders, colonists and explorers. This is a huge subject and one that is almost bound to provoke question-marks and explosions in the margins-soon forgotten in the book's sheer sweep and scale. A balance between straight history and word history is sometimes difficult to strike, though. There is a feeling, occasionally, of being bundled too fast through complex linguistic developments and usages, or of being given interesting slices of history for the sake, after all, of not much more than a "gong" or a "moccasin". But it is churlish to carp. The author's zest and grasp are wonderful. He makes you want to check out everything-" carp" and "zest" included. Whatever is hybrid, fluid and unpoliced about English delights him. English has never had its Acad mie Francaise, but over the centuries it has not lacked furious defenders against foreign "corruption". There have been rearguard actions to preserve its "manly" pre-Norman origins, even to reconstruct it along Anglo-Saxon lines: "wheel- saddle" for bicycle, "painlore" for pathology. But the omnivorous beast is rampant still. More people speak it as their second language than as their first. Forget the language of Shakespeare. It's "Globish" now, the language of aspiration. No one owns it, a cause for despair to some. Mr. Hitchings admits to wincing occasionally, but almost on principle he is more cheerful than not.

单选题 Though your parents probably meant your name to last a lifetime, remember that the hopes and dreams they cherished when they chose it may not match yours. If your name no longer seems to {{U}} {{U}} 41 {{/U}} {{/U}}you, don't despair; you aren't {{U}} {{U}} 42 {{/U}} {{/U}}with the label. Screen stars{{U}} {{U}} 43 {{/U}} {{/U}}tailor their names, and with some determination, you can, too. Legal rules are more {{U}} {{U}} 44 {{/U}} {{/U}}in this matter than you might expect. How many newlyweds, {{U}} {{U}} 45 {{/U}} {{/U}}, are aware that no law requires a woman to {{U}} {{U}} 46 {{/U}} {{/U}}her husband's name? Not only that, but in most states parents can give their children any name they wish, {{U}} {{U}} 47 {{/U}} {{/U}}it's not that of either parent. Jane Fonda and Tom Hayden, for example, named their son Tony Garrity. If you do wish to {{U}} {{U}} 48 {{/U}} {{/U}}a new name, you don't need an attorney to make the switch official. {{U}} {{U}} 49 {{/U}} {{/U}}common law, all that's necessary is to start using the name of your choice. Remember, {{U}} {{U}} 50 {{/U}} {{/U}}, that you must use it everywhere-even {{U}} {{U}} 51 {{/U}} {{/U}}your mother-for it to become your {{U}} {{U}} 52 {{/U}} {{/U}}name. You must also change all your identification papers and {{U}} {{U}} 53 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Your Social Security number will remain the same; just fill {{U}} {{U}} 54 {{/U}} {{/U}}form SS-5 at your local Social Security office, and they'll {{U}} {{U}} 55 {{/U}} {{/U}}the Internal Revenue Service. Be sure to practice your new signature until you write it naturally and {{U}} {{U}} 56 {{/U}} {{/U}} Getting friends to call you Leah instead of Lola may be harder than any paperwork {{U}} {{U}} 57 {{/U}} {{/U}}, but you'll probably encounter official resistance, too. Be assured that no law should {{U}} {{U}} 58 {{/U}} {{/U}}you from using whatever name you've established for any transaction, {{U}} {{U}} 59 {{/U}} {{/U}}it's not for purposes of fraud, unfair competition, or to otherwise {{U}} {{U}} 60 {{/U}} {{/U}}any illegal activity.

单选题The writer seems to recommend that the concentration of concern should be placed on

单选题The cellphone, a device we have lived with for more than a decade, offers a good example of a popular technology's unforeseen side effects. More than one billion are (1) around the world, and when asked, their (2) say they love their phones for the safety and convenience (3) provide. People also report that they are (4) in their use of their phones. One opinion survey (5) that "98 percent of Americans say they move away from (6) when talking on a wireless phone in public" (7) "86 percent say they 'never' or 'rarely' speak (8) wireless phones" when conducting (9) with clerks or bank tellers. Clearly, there exists a (10) between our reported cell phone behavior and our actual behavior. Cellphone users--that is to say, most of us--are (11) instigators and victims of this form of conversational panhandling, and it (12) a cumulatively negative effect on social space. As the sociologist Erving Gotfman observed in another (13) , there is something deeply disturbing about people who are" (14) contact" in social situations because they are blatantly refusing to (15) to the norms of their immediate environment. Placing a cellphone call in public instantly transforms the strangers around you (16) unwilling listeners who must cede to your use of the public (17) , a decidedly undemocratic effect for so democratic a technology. Listeners don't always passively (18) this situation: in recent years, people have been pepper-sprayed in movie theaters, (19) from concert hails and deliberately rammed with cars as a result of (20) behavior on their cellphones.

单选题"Mylar" in line 1 of the third paragraph is ______.

单选题{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} In an interview last month, Frank Church, chairman of the Senate committee that is investigating the CIA, issued an oblique but impassioned warning, that the technology of eavesdropping had become so highly developed that Americans might soon be left with "no place to hide". That day may have arrived. Newsweek has learned that the country's most secret intelligence operation, the National Security Agency, already possesses the computerized equipment to monitor nearly all overseas telephone calls and most domestic and international printed messages. The agency's devices monitor thousands of telephone circuits, cable lines and the microwave transmissons that carry an increasing share of both spoken and written communications. Computers are programed to watch for "trigger" words or phrases indicating that a message might interest intelligence analysis, when the trigger is pulled, entire messages are tape-recorded or printed out. That kind of eavesdropping is, however, relatively simple compared with the breakthroughs that lie ahead in the field of snoopery. Already it is technically feasible to "bug" an electric typewriter by picking up its feeble electronic emissions from a remote location and then translating them into words. And some scientists believe that it may be possible in the future for remote electronic equipment to intercept and "read" human brain waves. Where such capabilities exist, so too does the potential for abuse. It is the old story of technology rushing forward with some new wonder, before the man who supposedly control the machines have figure out how to prevent the machines from controlling them.