单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. With the spread of inter-active electronic media a man alone in his own home will never have been so well placed to fill the inexplicable mental space between cradle and crematorium. So I suspect that books will be pushed more and more into those moments of travel or difficult defecation{{U}} (1) {{/U}}people still don't quite know what to do with. When people do read, I think they'll want to feel they are reading literature, or (2) something serious.{{U}} (3) {{/U}}you're going to find fewer books presenting themselves as no-nonsense and{{U}} (4) {{/U}}assuming literary pretensions and being packaged as works of art. We can expect an extraordinary variety of genre, but with an underlying{{U}} (5) {{/U}}of sentiment and vision. Translators can only{{U}} (6) {{/U}}from this desire for the presumably sophisticated. We can look forward to lots of difficult names and fantastic stories of foreign parts enthusiastically{{U}} (7) {{/U}}by the overall worship of the "global village'. Much of this will be awful and some wonderful,{{U}} (8) {{/U}}don't expect the press or the organizers of prizes to offer you much help in making the appropriate distinctions. They will be chiefly{{U}} (9) {{/U}}in creating celebrity, the greatest enemy of discrimination, but a good prop for the{{U}} (10) {{/U}}consumer. Every ethnic grouping over the world will have to be seen to have a great writer—a phenomenon that will{{U}} (11) {{/U}}a new kind of provincialism, more chronological than geographic,{{U}} (12) {{/U}}only the strictly contemporary is talked about and{{U}} (13) {{/U}}Universities, including Cambridge, will include{{U}} (14) {{/U}}their literature syllabus novels, written only last year.{{U}} (15) {{/U}}occasional exhumation for the Nobel, the achievements of ten or only five years ago will be largely forgotten. In short, you can't go too far wrong when predicting more of the same. But there is a{{U}} (16) {{/U}}side to this—the inevitable reaction against it. The practical things I would like to see happen--publishers seeking less to{{U}} (17) {{/U}}celebrity through extravagant advertising,{{U}} (18) {{/U}}and magazines{{U}} (19) {{/U}}space to reflective pieces—are rather more improbable than the Second Coming(耶稣复临). But dullness never quite darkens the whole planet. In their own idiosyncratic fashion a few writers will{{U}} (20) {{/U}}be looking for new departures.

单选题According to the passage, what causes educationally underutilizing?

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Many countries will not allow cigarette advertising in their newspaper or on TV-especially{{U}} (1) {{/U}}the advertisements are usually written with young people in mind.{{U}} (2) {{/U}}advertising, the tobacco companies have begun to{{U}} (3) {{/U}}sports events. They give money to football, motor racing, tennis and a number of{{U}} (4) {{/U}}sports{{U}} (5) {{/U}}condition that the name of the cigarette is{{U}} (6) {{/U}}This is now{{U}} (7) {{/U}}concern, because it does exactly{{U}} (8) {{/U}}many ads try to do-suggest that smoking has some connection{{U}} (9) {{/U}}being strong and athletic. In all this, the point of view of the non-smokers has to be{{U}} (10) {{/U}}as well: "3 wish smoker would stop{{U}} (11) {{/U}}the air. I wish I could eat in a restaurant{{U}} (12) {{/U}}having to smell cigarettes smoke." It has been{{U}} (13) {{/U}}that, in a room where a large number of people are smoking, a non-smoker will breathe in the{{U}} (14) {{/U}}of two or three cigarettes during an evening.{{U}} (15) {{/U}}, non-smokers are now majority in many western countries. More and more people are giving up the habit, discouraged by high prices, influenced by{{U}} (16) {{/U}}advertising or just aware that smoking is no longer really a polite thing to do. Faced with lower sales, the western tobacco companies have begun to look outside their own countries. They have begun advertising{{U}} (17) {{/U}}to persuade young people in developing countries that smoking American or British or French cigarette is a sophisticated western habit, which they should copy. As a result, more and more young people are spending{{U}} (18) {{/U}}money they have on a product which the west recognizes{{U}} (19) {{/U}}unhealthy and no longer wants. The high number of young smokers in India, in South America and in South East Asia will become some of tomorrow's{{U}} (20) {{/U}}.

单选题Hypothetically, let"s say you ran a fancy private elementary school. Like other private schools in the region, you"re competing to put out the brightest kids. And one of the ways you engineer this is through your admissions process—you try to select the kids who will get the most out of what your school has to offer, kids who can handle the intellectual challenge, and who don"t disrupt the class. So, if you"re like other private schools, you bring the five-year-old applicants in for some intellectual assessment, and you also set up some games and playrooms for them so that you can watch them for an hour or two—to monitor their behavior. You"re looking for kids who get upset, withdraw, can"t wait for their turn, dominate other kids, can"t sit still, don"t pay attention to the instructions, etc. Then you admit the kids who looked best. This seems innocuous. It"s common practice. However, according to an ongoing study in Germany, what you might have done will just reject some of the very best kids. This study, by Gisela Trommsdorff and Antje Von Suchodoletz, is following a group of kids who are making the transition from kindergarten to first grade. At the beginning of kindergarten, the scholars measured these kids" reasoning ability with a test of their nonverbal intelligence. They also measured their goal-oriented self-control with a variation of Mischel"s marshmallow task and a persistence test. The persistence test, for kids of this age, goes like this: kids are asked to draw a big circle. Then they"re told by a teacher it"s not quite circular enough, it"s not good enough— do they want to try again? The child tries again. Every time, the teacher responds it"s not circular enough. Of course, nobody can draw a perfect circle. What the test measures is how long a child can hang in there, continuing to try, when confronted with negative feedback. Some kids quit quickly, while others keep going through endless trials. The scholars also got teachers to fill out behavioral-rating questionnaires about the children. We would expect that kids with higher reasoning ability plus higher persistence and self-control would have less behavior problems. However, the scholars saw a very dramatic trend in the other direction: High reasoning ability+High persistence/self-control=More behavior problems, not less. What the scholars believe is that Non-Verbal Intelligence disrupts the expected relationship between self-control and behavior. Theoretically, self-control and behavior should go hand in hand, and for low-IQ kids, that"s absolutely true. But not for kids who are well above average in reasoning ability. Why this is the case probably has something to do with the distinction between goal-oriented tasks and normal social interactions like playgroups where there is no actual goal to focus upon. Smart kids" behavior in the latter context is probably not a good proxy for their-ability to apply themselves in the former context.

单选题The author considers that in the case of cloning experiments, the First Amendment

单选题The communications explosion is on the scale of the rail, automobile or telephone revolution. Very soon you'll be able to record your entire life (1) —anything a microphone or a camera can sense you' Il be able to (2) . In particular, the number of images a person captures in a lifetime is set to rise exponentially. The thousand (3) a year I take of my children on a digital camera are all precious to me. (4) a generation' s time, my children' s children will have total image documentation of their entire lives—a (5) log of tremendous personal value. By then we'll be wrestling with another question: how we control all the electronic (6) connected to the internet: trillions of PCs, laptops, cell phones and other gadgets. In Cambridge, we're already working (7) millimetre-square computing and sensing devices that can be linked to the internet through the radio network. This sort of (8) will expand dramatically (9) microscopic communications devices become dirt-cheap and multiply. Just imagine (10) the paint on the wall could do if it had this sort of communications dust in it: change colour, play music, show movies or even speak to you. (11) costs raise other possibilities too. (12) launching space vehicles is about to become very much cheaper, the number of satellites is likely to go up exponentially. There' s lots of (13) up there so we could have millions of them. And if you have millions of loworbit satellites, you can establish a (14) communications network that completely does away with towers and masts. If the satellites worked on the cellular principle so you got spatial reuse of frequencies, system (15) would be amazing. Speech is so (16) that I expect voice communication to become almost free eventually: you' 11 pay just a monthly fixed (17) and be able to make as many calls as you want. By then people will also have fixed links with business (18) , friends and relatives. One day I (19) being able to keep in touch with my family in Poland on a fibreoptic audio-video (20) ; we'll be able to have a little ceremony at supper-time, open the curtains and sit down "together" to eat.

单选题{{B}}Text 4{{/B}} Over the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargements and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look normal. "What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us a perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that." In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centers on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends "maintenance" work for people in their thirties. "The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly," he says. "By then, you've wasted 20 great years of your life and allowed things to get out of hand." Dr. Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however, "It seems that someone we don't consider old enough to order a drink shouldn't be considering plastic surgery. ' In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous. But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people, Dr. Davies, who claims to "cater for the average person", agrees. He says: "I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, 3, 000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday." Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. Yet, as one woman who recently paid ￡2,500 for liposuction to remove fat from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery Veteran is a deceptively gentle one. "I had my legs done because they'd been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. Now I don't think there's any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it."

单选题According to the last paragraph, which of the, following statements is NOT true?______

单选题According to the text, which of the following statements is not true?

单选题{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} "I love Microsoft and Microsoft did not lose me," protested Robert Scoble, a little too loudly, on his blog last week, in a bid to end feverish speculation in the blogosphere about why, exactly, he had decided to leave Microsoft. The software giant's "technical evangelist", Mr. Scoble has become the best-known example of a corporate blogger. On his blog, called Scobleizer, which he started in 2000, he writes about Microsoft's products, and has sometimes criticised them fiercely—thereby both establishing his credibility and, by its willingness to tolerate him, helping to humanise his employer. As blogging's influence has grown, so bas Mr. Scoble's—both inside and outside Microsoft. Last year, after he blogged against Microsoft's decision to abandon support for a law prohibiting discrimination against gays, the company's managers backed down. He helped write a book, Naked Conversations: How Blogs Are Changing the Way Businesses Talk With Customers, published in January, that has become essential reading for any boss trying to define a new-media strategy for his business. So why leave? Mr. Scoble has denied several of the theories circulating in the blogosphere, including that he had become fed up with having his expenses challenged or with sharing an office; that Microsoft challenged his views too often; that he had become, frustrated; and that the firm had not tried hard enough to keep him. Still, his friend Dave Winer, another blogger, described Microsoft as a "stifling organisation" before observing that "when he finally decided to leave, it's as if a huge weight came off him, and all of a sudden, the old Scoble is back." He views Mr. Scoble's departure as evidence that Microsoft has been unable to move with the times: "I'm glad to see my old friend didn't go down with the ship." Another blogger says that his departure shows the "end of honest blogging." The real reason may be less sinister—though troubling for the growing number of employers encouraging their employees to biog. Blogging allows staff to build a personal brand separate from that of their firm; if they are good at it, and build up a readership, that brand may be more valuable to them elsewhere. Mr. Scoble is off to join PodTech. net, a rising star in video podcasting, which is now far more fashionable than blogging and potentially far more lucrative. It seems that Mr. Scoble is most impressed by Rocketboom, one of whose founders, Amanda Congdon, is said to be drawing 300000 viewers a day to her videoblog, and is about to start charging advertisers $85000 a week—almost as much, Mr. Scoble is reported as saying, "as I made in an entire year working at Microsoft."

单选题The phrase "sour the pleasures of society" ( Par

单选题The reason for the government's expansion program working not so well is______

单选题Bowman' s experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness ______.

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. {{B}}Text 1{{/B}} When is an endangered species not an endangered species? When it lives in the sea, apparently. Despite continuing carnage in the ocean, marine creatures were refused any protection at the United Nations conference on trade in wildlife that ended yesterday in Doha, Qatar. Tigers, rhinos and elephants are all better protected after the meeting of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (Cites). But hammerhead sharks, bluefin tuna and other marine species should be quaking in their skins. For when it comes to fish, the world has decided that scientific evidence of imminent demise is not reason enough to defend them against overexploitation. The conflict between trade and conservation is nothing new, but it is pretty well established that if you let trade in wildlife run rampant (蔓延的), soon there will be nothing left to sell. That is why the UN set up Cites in the first place. So why did fish get such a raw deal? Is it that we care less about life that is so very different from us? Do the emotionless eyes of fish leave our hearts cold? Is it an extension of the convenient myth that fish feel no pain? The truth is far more shocking. All fingers of blame point directly at Japan. The high value of bluefin tuna--a single specimen can reach $112 000--led it to orchestrate a full-scale campaign against proposals to ban trade in the species. Diplomatic missions were sent to developing nations to bully them into agreeing with Japan's conviction that fish cannot be endangered. That way of thinking is grounded in ignorance. The oceans long seemed infinite in their capacity to produce such riches, and any sign that this was not so was hidden by our inability to peer into the depths. Science has now stripped back the veil and revealed the extent of the depletion. It is this science that Japan and its allies have chosen to not to see. Unfortunately for life in the sea, Japan's campaign made waves far beyond the bluefin. Sharks are in dire trouble thanks to some people's appetite for using their fins in soup. About 73 million sharks are killed each year as a result, and sharks don't reproduce fast. But far from favoring a ban, nations voted against even the most basic monitoring of the trade. Red and pink corals have now all but vanished from the Mediterranean and are being stripped from the Pacific, but proposals to control that trade were also swept away. Fish don't recognise borders and boundaries. Yet one nation, Japan, by its cynical use of political power is robbing the world of a shared resource.

单选题The conception of poverty and what to (1) about it have changed over the decades. Under Social Darwinism the lazy and the (2) were supposed to be at the bottom of the economic ladder as (3) of the "law of survival of the fittest". Society was (4) as a network of self-sufficient families which provided for their own. (5) persons outside a household (orphans, the (6) elderly, and the crippled ) were provided outdoor relief grudgingly and as a temporary expedient (权宜之计). Although it was (7) that "the poor will always be with us", the individual was expected to improve himself (8) acts of his own will. Charity was thought to be the (9) of idleness. By keeping wages low, laborers would be (10) to work harder. At about the turn of the century, the beginning of concern about natural (11) brought uneasiness about the possible spread of beggary. There was a potentially dangerous class in (12) of disease and disorder. The "poor" were (13) as different from "paupers" Paupers were individuals well (14) to being on the low end of the socioeconomic (15) Without shame or bitterness, they would not seek independence and a " (16) " life. For the mountaineers, the subsistence dwellers, and some slum dwellers, the lack of wealth, (17) has been argued, reflects a preference not to pay the psychological costs of the struggle for fiches or of adopting the middle class work ethic of striving. In (18) , the worthy poor struggled to (19) their lot against circumstances beyond their control: low wages, sickness, industrial (20) , widowhood (孀居) and so on.