单选题 College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and{{U}} (1) {{/U}}millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions{{U}} (2) {{/U}}as well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefit{{U}} (3) {{/U}}from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities{{U}} (4) {{/U}}each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly{{U}} (5) {{/U}}crowds of over 20, 000. Basketball’s national collegiate championship game is a TV{{U}} (6) {{/U}}on a par with any other sporting event in the United States,{{U}} (7) {{/U}}perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can{{U}} (8) {{/U}}one’s TV set and see the top athletic programs — from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford —{{U}} (9) {{/U}}in front of packed houses and national TV audiences. The athletes themselves are{{U}} (10) {{/U}}and provided with scholarships. College coaches identify{{U}} (11) {{/U}}teenagers and then go into high schools to{{U}} (12) {{/U}}the country’s best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about{{U}} (13) {{/U}}coaches can recruit — no recruiting calls after 9 p. m., only one official visit to a campus — but they are often bent and sometimes{{U}} (14) {{/U}}. Top college football programs{{U}} (15) {{/U}}scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes, when they arrive{{U}} (16) {{/U}}campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc. In return, the players{{U}} (17) {{/U}}the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges{{U}} (18) {{/U}}two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, it’s back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when camp{{U}} (19) {{/U}}and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season begins{{U}} (20) {{/U}}. During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.

单选题{{B}}Part A{{/B}}{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.{{B}}Text 1{{/B}} In most parts of the world, climate change is a worrying subject. Not so in California. At a recent gathering of green luminaries—in a film star's house, naturally, for that is how seriousness is often established in Los Angeles—the dominant note was self-satisfaction at what the state has already achieved. And perhaps nobody is more complacent than Arnold Schwarzenegger. Unlike A1 Gore, a presidential candidate turned prophet of environmental doom, California's governor sounds cheerful when talking about climate change. As well he might: it has made his political career. Although California has long been an environmentally-conscious state, until recently greens were concerned above all with smog and redwood trees. "Coast of Dreams", Kevin Stag's authoritative history of contemporary California, published in 2004, does not mention climate change. In that year, though, the newly-elected Mr. Schwarzenegger made his first tentative call for western states to seek alternatives to fossil fuels. Gradually he noticed that his efforts to tackle climate change met with less resistance, and more acclaim, than just about all his other policies. These days it can seem as though he works on nothing else. Mr. Schwarzenegger's transformation from screen warrior to eco-warrior was completed last year when he signed a bill imposing legally-enforceable limits on greenhouse—gas emissions—a first for America. Thanks mostly to its lack of coal and heavy industry, California is a relatively clean state. If it were a country it would be the world's eighth-biggest economy, but only its 16th-biggest polluter. Its big problem is transport—meaning, mostly, cars and trucks, which account for more than 40% of its greenhouse-gas emissions compared with 32% in America as a whole. The state wants to ratchet down emissions limits on new vehicles, beginning in 2009. Mr. Schwarzenegger has also ordered that, by 2020, vehicle fuel must produce 10% less carbon: in the production as well as the burning, so a simple switch to corn-based ethanol is probably out. Thanks in part to California' s example, most of the western states have adopted climate action plans. When it comes to setting emission targets, the scene can resemble a posedown at a Mr. Olympia contest. Arizona's climate-change scholars decided to set a target of cutting the state's emissions to 2000 levels by 2020. But Janet Napolitano, the governor, was determined not to be out-muscled by California. She has declared that Arizona will try to return to 2000 emission levels by 2012. California has not just inspired other states; it has created a vanguard that ought to be able to prod the federal government into stronger national standards than it would otherwise consider. But California is finding it easier to export its policies than to put them into practice at home. In one way, California' s self-confidence is fully justified. It has done more than any other state—let alone the federal government—to fix America's attention on climate change. It has also made it seem as though the problem can be solved. Which is why failure would be such bad news. At the moment California is a beacon to other states. If it fails, it will become an excuse for inaction.

单选题What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry? ______.

单选题The case of Mrs Sickles' unfortunate story is mentioned to illustrate

单选题The available statistics are employed to illustrate

单选题With the Internet fast becoming the most important communications channel, it is untenable for the United States not to have a regulator to ensure nondiscriminatory access, guarantee interconnectivity among rival networks and protect consumers from potential abuse. Yet that's exactly where the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit left us all when it said this month that the Federal Communications Commission didn't have the authority to regulate the Internet—and specifically, could not force the cable giant Comcast to stop blocking peer-to-peer sites. The decision, in the words of the F. C. C.'s general counsel, Austin Schlick, undermines the agency's ability to serve as "the cop on the beat for 21st-century communications networks." It also puts at risk big chunks of the F. C. C.'s strategy for increasing the reach of broadband Internet to all corners of the country and fostering more competition among providers. Chairman Julius Genachowski said the commission is not planning to appeal the decision, and is studying its options. The F. C. C. could try to forge ahead with its broadband plan despite the court's decision. Or Congress could give the F. C.C. specific authority to regulate broadband access. But the court tightly circumscribed the F. C. C.'s actions. And with Republicans determined to oppose pretty much anything the administration wants, the odds of a rational debate on the issues are slim. Fortunately, the commission has the tools to fix this problem. It can reverse the Bush administration's predictably antiregulatory decision to define broadband Internet access as an information service, like Google or Amazon, over which it has little regulatory power. Instead, it can define broadband as a communications service, like a phone company, over which the commission has indisputable authority. The F. C. C. at the time argued that a light regulatory touch would foster alternative technologies and aggressive competition among providers. It assumed that the Internet of the future would be dominated by companies like AOL that bundle access with other services, justifying its conflation of access and information. And it claimed that it could still regulate broadband access even if it was classified as a service. All it had to do was convince the courts that it was necessary to further other statutory goals, like promoting the roll-out of competitive Internet services. This legal argument did not hold up. Any move now by the F. C. C. to redefine broadband would surely unleash a torrent of lawsuits by broadband providers, but the commission has solid legal grounds to do that. To begin with, the three arguments advanced by the F. C.C. during the Bush years have proved wrong. Rather than seeing an explosion of new competition, the broadband access business has consolidated to the point that many areas of the country have only one provider. Broadband Internet has unbundled into a business with many unrelated information service providers vying for space on the pipelines of a few providers. And most persuasively: broadband access is probably the most important communications service of our time. One that needs a robust regulator.

单选题According to the description of the author, Asimo

单选题A few years ago, Facebook was forced to retreat from a new service called Beacon. It tracked what the social network"s users were doing elsewhere on the web—which caused a huge 1 because of the loss of personal privacy. 2 , Facebook promised to make 3 efforts to better protect people"s information. But 4 the firm has not been trying very hard. On November 29th America"s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 5 the results of an investigation it had conducted of Facebook. They showed that the world"s biggest social network, which now 6 more than 800m users, has been making information public that it had 7 to keep private. The FTC"s findings come at a(n) 8 time for Facebook, which is preparing for an initial public offering (IPO) that is almost 9 to take place next year. Some recent reports have 10 that the firm may seek a listing as early as next spring, and that it will try to 11 a whopping $10 billion in an IPO that would 12 it at $100 billion. To 13 the way for an offering, Facebook 14 needs to resolve some of the regulatory tussles over privacy that it has become embroiled in. 15 the FTC"s announcement, which came as part of a settlement struck between the commission and Facebook. The FTC"s investigation 16 a litany of instances in which the social network had 17 its users. In what is perhaps the most damning of the findings, the agency documents that Facebook has been 18 people"s personal information with advertisers—a practice its senior executives have 19 sworn it does not indulge in. The FTC also says that the firm failed to make photos and videos on deactivated and deleted user accounts 20 after promising to do so.

单选题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Egyptian wine has an extensive history within the history of Egyptian civilization. Grapes were not {{U}}(1) {{/U}} to the landscape of Egypt, rather the vines themselves are {{U}}(2) {{/U}} to have been imported from the Phoenicians, {{U}}(3) {{/U}} the actual origins remain in {{U}}(4) {{/U}} . What is known, is that {{U}}(5) {{/U}} the third millennium BC, Egyptian kings of the first {{U}}(6) {{/U}} had extensive wine cellars, and wine was used extensively in the temple ceremonies. The main {{U}}(7) {{/U}} of wine in Egypt. took place between the king, nobles, and the priests in temple ceremonies, and is {{U}}(8) {{/U}} by numerous painted relief' s, and other {{U}}(9) {{/U}} evidence. The vineyards of ancient Egypt, were quite different from the modern methods of wine making today. {{U}} (10) {{/U}} viticulture (or wine making) ,ceased to {{U}}(11) {{/U}} an exclusively ceremonial purpose, the Egyptians began to experiment with simple structures for their vines to train on, {{U}}(12) {{/U}} found a way to train their vines so they were easy low {{U}}(13) {{/U}} bushes, and found ways for the soil to {{U}}(14) {{/U}} more moisture for the vines. Egyptian wine making experiments included the use of different wine presses, adding heat to the must (the grape juice ready for fermentation) {{U}}(15) {{/U}} make the wine sweet, and differences in vat types and materials. The {{U}}(16) {{/U}} finished product of wine, was poured through a cloth filter, and then into earthenware jars, {{U}}(17) {{/U}} they would be sealed with natural tar and left to {{U}}(18) {{/U}}. The Egyptians kept accurate records of their vintages, and {{U}}(19) {{/U}} of their wines, each jar of wine was clearly {{U}}(20) {{/U}} with it's own vintage, and quality.

单选题In the eyes of the TSA, the current system is